Some notes about an initial look at AlmaLinux 10. Downloaded live images from the links in How to download and write images
For testing copied the images to a MicroSD card. E.g.:
$ sha256sum -c CHECKSUM\(1\)
AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64_v2-Live-GNOME.iso: OK
$ sudo dd if=~/Downloads/AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64-Live-GNOME.iso of=/dev/sdd status=progress
1670324736 bytes (1.7 GB, 1.6 GiB) copied, 308 s, 5.4 MB/s
3270040+0 records in
3270040+0 records out
1674260480 bytes (1.7 GB, 1.6 GiB) copied, 327.043 s, 5.1 MB/s
$ sudo cmp -n `stat -c '%s' ~/Downloads/AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64-Live-GNOME.iso` ~/Downloads/AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64-Live-GNOME.iso /dev/sdd
<<no output>>
This PC has a Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2123.
Kernel is 6.12.0-55.9.1.el10_0.x86_64
Mellanox adapters:
$ lspci -nn | grep Mellanox
21:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Mellanox Technologies MT27710 Family [ConnectX-4 Lx] [15b3:1015]
21:00.1 Ethernet controller [0200]: Mellanox Technologies MT27710 Family [ConnectX-4 Lx] [15b3:1015]
2d:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Mellanox Technologies MT27500 Family [ConnectX-3] [15b3:1003]
Which are detected as RDMA devices:
$ ibv_devinfo
hca_id: mlx4_0
transport: InfiniBand (0)
fw_ver: 2.35.5100
node_guid: f452:1403:0079:dfe0
sys_image_guid: f452:1403:0079:dfe3
vendor_id: 0x02c9
vendor_part_id: 4099
hw_ver: 0x1
board_id: MT_1090120019
phys_port_cnt: 2
port: 1
state: PORT_DOWN (1)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 4096 (5)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: InfiniBand
port: 2
state: PORT_ACTIVE (4)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
hca_id: mlx5_0
transport: InfiniBand (0)
fw_ver: 14.32.1010
node_guid: 9803:9b03:0077:e152
sys_image_guid: 9803:9b03:0077:e152
vendor_id: 0x02c9
vendor_part_id: 4117
hw_ver: 0x0
board_id: MT_2420110004
phys_port_cnt: 1
port: 1
state: PORT_ACTIVE (4)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
hca_id: mlx5_1
transport: InfiniBand (0)
fw_ver: 14.32.1010
node_guid: 9803:9b03:0077:e153
sys_image_guid: 9803:9b03:0077:e152
vendor_id: 0x02c9
vendor_part_id: 4117
hw_ver: 0x0
board_id: MT_2420110004
phys_port_cnt: 1
port: 1
state: PORT_ACTIVE (4)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
The ConnectX-3 is reported as unmaintained hardware:
$ sudo dmesg|grep maintain
[ 14.220208] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: cnic
[ 14.224685] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: bnx2i
[ 14.985328] Warning: Unmaintained Hardware is detected: mlx4_core:1003:15B3 @ 0000:2d:00.0
[ 122.764966] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: ip_set
This PC has dual Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6148 CPUs.
Mellanox adapter:
$ lspci -nn | grep Mellanox
2d:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Mellanox Technologies MT27700 Family [ConnectX-4] [15b3:1013]
Also has on-board X722 adapters.
Detected RDMA devices:
$ ibv_devinfo
hca_id: mlx5_0
transport: InfiniBand (0)
fw_ver: 12.28.2006
node_guid: 9803:9b03:006a:7ea1
sys_image_guid: 9803:9b03:006a:7ea1
vendor_id: 0x02c9
vendor_part_id: 4115
hw_ver: 0x0
board_id: MT_2180110032
phys_port_cnt: 1
port: 1
state: PORT_ACTIVE (4)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
hca_id: irdma0
transport: iWARP (1)
fw_ver: 0.2
node_guid: cad9:d2ff:fe1f:5ff7
sys_image_guid: cad9:d2ff:fe1f:5ff7
vendor_id: 0x8086
vendor_part_id: 14290
hw_ver: 0x9
phys_port_cnt: 1
port: 1
state: PORT_DOWN (1)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 1
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
hca_id: irdma1
transport: iWARP (1)
fw_ver: 0.2
node_guid: cad9:d2ff:fe1f:5ff8
sys_image_guid: cad9:d2ff:fe1f:5ff8
vendor_id: 0x8086
vendor_part_id: 14290
hw_ver: 0x9
phys_port_cnt: 1
port: 1
state: PORT_DOWN (1)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 1
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
hca_id: irdma2
transport: iWARP (1)
fw_ver: 0.2
node_guid: cad9:d2ff:fe1f:5ff9
sys_image_guid: cad9:d2ff:fe1f:5ff9
vendor_id: 0x8086
vendor_part_id: 14289
hw_ver: 0x9
phys_port_cnt: 1
port: 1
state: PORT_DOWN (1)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 1
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
No unmaintained hardware is detected:
$ sudo dmesg|grep maintain
[ 17.075220] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: cnic
[ 17.080628] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: bnx2i
[ 192.569897] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: ip_set
This is a x86-64-v4 CPU:
$ ~/Downloads/detect_cpu.sh
CPU supports x86-64-v2
CPU supports x86-64-v3
CPU supports x86-64-v4
This PC has dual Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v3
Mellanox adapter:
$ lspci -nn | grep Mellanox
03:00.0 InfiniBand [0c06]: Mellanox Technologies MT25408A0-FCC-QI ConnectX, Dual Port 40Gb/s InfiniBand / 10GigE Adapter IC with PCIe 2.0 x8 5.0GT/s Interface [15b3:673c] (rev b0)
Detected RDMA devices:
$ ibv_devinfo
hca_id: mlx4_0
transport: InfiniBand (0)
fw_ver: 2.9.1000
node_guid: 0002:c903:0050:4174
sys_image_guid: 0002:c903:0050:4177
vendor_id: 0x02c9
vendor_part_id: 26428
hw_ver: 0xB0
board_id: MT_0FC0110009
phys_port_cnt: 2
port: 1
state: PORT_DOWN (1)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 4096 (5)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: InfiniBand
port: 2
state: PORT_DOWN (1)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 4096 (5)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: InfiniBand
The unmaintained hardware detected is the Connext-X2 and the LSI SAS2308 PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS-2 raid card:
$ sudo dmesg|grep maintain
[ 5.978224] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: cnic
[ 5.983530] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: bnx2i
[ 6.664765] Warning: Unmaintained Hardware is detected: mlx4_core:673C:15B3 @ 0000:03:00.0
[ 6.665090] Warning: Unmaintained Hardware is detected: mpt3sas:0087:1000 @ 0000:01:00.0
[ 117.110705] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: ip_set
The logical volumes on the raid card are detected (sdb and sdc):
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 1.4G 1 loop /run/rootfsbase
sda 8:0 1 58.3G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 1 1.6G 0 part /run/initramfs/live
├─sda2 8:2 1 8.3M 0 part
└─sda3 8:3 1 300K 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 2.7T 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 512M 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 2.7T 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2.7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 16M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 2.7T 0 part
├─sdc3 8:35 0 766M 0 part
└─sdc4 8:36 0 505M 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
Deviations from RHEL 10 says:
The following device drivers were modified to re-add PCI IDs for hardware that was previously disabled in RHEL:
- mlx4_core - Mellanox Gen2, ConnectX-2, ConnectX-3 adapters
- mpt3sas - LSI MPT Fusion SAS 3.0
For a complete list of hardware support for which was added in this release, see the Extended hardware support section.
Running the scripts found on How do I check if my CPU supports x86-64-v2?
this:
$ ~/Downloads/cpu_type
CPU supports x86-64-v3
And this:
$ ~/Downloads/detect_cpu.sh
CPU supports x86-64-v2
CPU supports x86-64-v3
Confirms the E5-2620 v3 Haswell is a x86-64-v3 CPU. Therefore, didn't need to use the x86_64_v2 ISO which as per the Deviations from RHEL 10 linked above is to provide support for older CPUs:
RHEL is increasing the architecture version baseline to
v3dropping support for numerous older CPUs (and some newer ones). In AlmaLinux OS 10, we will follow Red Hat’s decision to ship x86-64-v3 optimized binaries by default, but we will also provide additional x86-64-v2 architecture ONLY for older hardware.
This PC has AMD Ryzen 5 2400G with Radeon Vega Graphics.
Mellanox adapter:
$ lspci -nn | grep Mellanox
10:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Mellanox Technologies MT27520 Family [ConnectX-3 Pro] [15b3:1007]
Detected RDMA devices:
$ ibv_devinfo
hca_id: mlx4_0
transport: InfiniBand (0)
fw_ver: 2.43.7028
node_guid: 248a:0703:00c3:cb30
sys_image_guid: 248a:0703:00c3:cb30
vendor_id: 0x02c9
vendor_part_id: 4103
hw_ver: 0x0
board_id: MT_1090111023
phys_port_cnt: 2
port: 1
state: PORT_ACTIVE (4)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
port: 2
state: PORT_DOWN (1)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
The unmaintained hardware detected is the Connect-X3 Pro:
$ sudo dmesg|grep maintain
[ 5.403934] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: cnic
[ 5.408730] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: bnx2i
[ 6.039228] Warning: Unmaintained Hardware is detected: mlx4_core:1007:15B3 @ 0000:10:00.0
[ 79.690407] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: ip_set
This is a x86-64-v3 CPU:
$ ~/Downloads/detect_cpu.sh
CPU supports x86-64-v2
CPU supports x86-64-v3
This has a Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2310 CPU
Using the BIOS boot menu:
- Attempt to boot
UEFI: Mass Storage Device 1.00. This just results inFailed to open \EFI\BOOT - Not Foundbeing left on display. The keyboard isn't responsive. A short press of the power button turns off the PC. - Attempt to boot
Mass Storage Device 1.00. Then get the GRUB menu. Using edit to view the command line showsCDLABEL=AlmaLinux-10_0-x86_64-GNOME. Attempting to boot results in the PC rebooting after a few seconds. Just prior to the reboot it appears a message appears, but not long enough to read it.
The CPU is a x86-64-v2 (as determined when booted AlmaLinux 8):
$ ~/Downloads/detect_cpu.sh
CPU supports x86-64-v2
A simple text search for the string Not Found:
- Doesn't find it in the
AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64_v2-Live-GNOME.isofile. - Does find it in the
BL0163.bioBIOS update linked in Intel® Desktop Board DH67BL BIOS update
Therefore, the Failed to open \EFI\BOOT - Not Found message appears to be reported by the BIOS. This message was also briefly displayed when AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64_v2-Live-GNOME.iso was successfully booted. I.e. the message doesn't seem explain a failure to boot.
Comparing the contents of AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64-Live-GNOME.iso and AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64_v2-Live-GNOME.iso:
- The
EFI/BOOT/BOOTX86.efiis the same in both. According to UEFI booting the is the standardised file path to allow booting by USB flash drives. - The
EFI/BOOT/grubx64.efidiffers. Usingobjdumpto dissassemble shows some differences. E.g.:- The
AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64_v2-Live-GNOME.isouses the pair of instructions:bsr %rax,%rax xor $0x3f,%rax - Whereas
AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64-Live-GNOME.isouses a single instruction:lzcnt %rax,%rax
lzcntinstruction requires a Haswell CPU. I.e. is a x86-64-v3 instruction. - The
Therefore, the AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64-Live-GNOME.iso might just crash if run on a CPU older than x86-64-v3, rather than reporting an error about an unsupported CPU.
This PC has a Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2123, which is a x86-64-v4 CPU:
$ ~/Downloads/detect_cpu.sh
CPU supports x86-64-v2
CPU supports x86-64-v3
CPU supports x86-64-v4
Booted the AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64_v2-Live-GNOME.iso live image on a PC which did work with the AlmaLinux-10.0-x86_64-Live-GNOME.iso to check the identification of the Kernel with the live image compiled to support the older x86-64-v2 CPUs.
The Kernel is 6.12.0-55.9.1.el10_0.x86_64_v2. I.e. contains a _v2 suffix.
Got Failed to open \EFI\BOOT - Not Found displayed briefly, before the AlmaLinux 10 live image booted.
As expected, Kernel reported as 6.12.0-55.9.1.el10_0.x86_64_v2
Mellanox adapter present:
$ lspci -nn | grep Mellanox
01:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Mellanox Technologies MT27710 Family [ConnectX-4 Lx] [15b3:1015]
Detected RDMA devices:
$ ibv_devinfo
hca_id: mlx5_0
transport: InfiniBand (0)
fw_ver: 14.22.1002
node_guid: 248a:0703:00b2:755e
sys_image_guid: 248a:0703:00b2:755e
vendor_id: 0x02c9
vendor_part_id: 4117
hw_ver: 0x0
board_id: MT_3040111017
phys_port_cnt: 1
port: 1
state: PORT_DOWN (1)
max_mtu: 4096 (5)
active_mtu: 1024 (3)
sm_lid: 0
port_lid: 0
port_lmc: 0x00
link_layer: Ethernet
The unmaintained hardware detected is the CPU:
$ sudo dmesg|grep maintain
[ 0.020210] Warning: Deprecated Hardware is detected: x86_64-v2:GenuineIntel:Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2310 CPU @ 2.90GHz will not be maintained in a future major release and may be disabled
[ 5.306223] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: cnic
[ 5.312237] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: bnx2i
[ 109.034549] Warning: Unmaintained driver is detected: ip_set