| ↓ on → | CPU | OpenGL | OpenGLES | D3D9 | D3D11 | D3D12 | Vulkan | Metal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpenGL | [llvmpipe][] | - | [gl4es][] | [TitaniumGL][] | [d3d12][] | [zink][] | ||
| OpenGLES | [llvmpipe][] [SwiftShader][slegacy] | [ANGLE][] | - | [ANGLE][] | [ANGLE][] | [d3d12][] [ANGLE][] | [zink][] [ANGLE][] | [ANGLE][] [MoltenGL][] |
| D3D9 | [SwiftShader][slegacy] | [wined3d][] | - | [D3D9on12][] | [DXVK][] | |||
| D3D11 | [WARP][] | [wined3d][] |
Denny Lindberg DennyLindberg
jboner
/ latency.txt
Last active
January 29, 2026 01:35
Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know
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| Latency Comparison Numbers (~2012) | |
| ---------------------------------- | |
| L1 cache reference 0.5 ns | |
| Branch mispredict 5 ns | |
| L2 cache reference 7 ns 14x L1 cache | |
| Mutex lock/unlock 25 ns | |
| Main memory reference 100 ns 20x L2 cache, 200x L1 cache | |
| Compress 1K bytes with Zippy 3,000 ns 3 us | |
| Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network 10,000 ns 10 us | |
| Read 4K randomly from SSD* 150,000 ns 150 us ~1GB/sec SSD |