The STM32CubeMX tool is written in portable java, but unfortunately it is distributed as a Windows executable embedded in a Windows installer.
To install it on Linux:
sudo java -jar SetupSTM32CubeMX-4.11.0.exe- install the tool somewhere in your home, eg:
/home/you/stm32/cubemx sudo chown -R you:you /home/you/stm32/cubemx
To run it:
java -jar /home/you/stm32/cubemx/STM32CubeMX.exe- or mark that file as executable, rename it to
STM32CubeMX.jar, and double click it

Use the windows .exe instead. The .linux file is only for old 32bit architectures and does not run anymore on AMD64 systems (if i understood correctly)
It worked fine for me on Ubuntu 18.04 here. I renamed the .exe to .jar to make sure.