Shortcuts on Mac Terminal

Basics

ls Display the name of files and subdirectories in the directory
ls -C Force multi-column output of the listing
ls -a List all entries including those with .(period) and ..(double * period)
ls -1 Output the list of files in one entry per line format
ls -F Display a / (slash) immediately after each path that is a directory,* * (asterisk) after executable programs or scripts, and @ after a * symbolic link
ls -S Sort files or entries by size
ls -l List in a long format. Includes file mode, owner and group name, * date and time file was modified, pathname, and more
ls -lt List the files sorted by time modified (most recent first)
ls -lh Long listing with human readable file sizes in KB, MB, or GB
ls -lo List the file names with size, owner, and flags
ls -la List detailed directory contents, including hidden files

du List usage for each subdirectory and its contents
du -sh [folder] Human readable output of all files in a directory
du -s Display an entry for each specified file
du -sk* | sort -nr List files and folders, totaling the size including * the subfolders. Replace sk* with sm* to list directories in MB
df -h Calculate your system's free disk space
df -H Calculate free disk space in powers of 1,000 (as opposed to 1,024)

mkdir Create new folder named
mkdir -p /: Create nested folders
mkdir <dir1> <dir2> <dir3>: Create several folders at * once
mkdir "": Create a folder with a space in the filename
rmdir Delete a folder (only works on empty folders)
rm -R Delete a folder and its contents
touch <file>: Create a new file without any extension
cp <file> Copy a file to the folder
cp <file> <newfile>:Copy a file to the current folder
cp <file>~//<newfile>:Copy a file to the folder and rename * the copied file
cp -R <"new dir">:Copy a folder to a new folder with spaces in the * filename
cp -i <file>Prompts you before copying a file with a warning * overwrite message
cp <file1> <file2> <file3>/Users/Copy multiple files to * a folder
rm <file>:Delete a file (This deletes the file permanently; use * with caution.)
rm -i <file>:Delete a file only when you give confirmation
rm -f <file>:Force removal without confirmation
rm <file1> <file2> <file3>:Delete multiple files * without any confirmation
mv <file> <newfilename>:Move/rename
mv <file> Move a file to the folder, possibly by overwriting an * existing file
mv -i <file> Optional -i flag to warn you before overwriting the * file
mv *.png ~/Move all PNG files from current folder to a different folder

Ctrl + R:Search through previously used commands
history n:Shows the previous commands you've typed. Add a number to * limit to the last n items
![value]:Execute the last command typed that starts with a value
!!:Execute the last command typed

ls -ld: Display the default permission for a home directory
ls -ld/Display the read, write, and access permission of a particular folder
chmod 755 <file>:Change the permission of a file to 755
chmod -R 600 Change the permission of a folder (and its contents) to 600
chown <user>:<group> <file>:Change the ownership of a file to user and group. Add -R to include folder contents

ps -ax:Output currently running processes. Here, a shows processes from all users and x shows processes that are not connected with the Terminal
ps -aux:Shows all the processes with %cpu, %mem, page in, PID, and command
top:Display live information about currently running processes
top -ocpu -s 5:Display processes sorted by CPU usage, updating every 5 seconds
top -o rsize:Sort top by memory usage

find -name <"file">:Find all files named <file> inside . Use wildcards (*) to search for parts of filenames
grep "<text>" <file>:Output all occurrences of <text> inside <file> (add -i for case insensitivity)
grep -rl "<text>" Search for all files containing <text> inside

cat <file>:Output the content of <file>
less <file>:Output the contents of <file> using the less command that supports pagination and more
head <file>:Output the first 10 lines of <file>
<cmd> > > <file>:Appends the output of <cmd> to <file>
<cmd> > <file>:Direct the output of <cmd> into <file>
<cmd1> | <cmd2>:Direct the output of <cmd1> to <cmd2>