Handouts

Practice material: workbook

Intensive 1 Day 1

Kinds of Arabic

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stateDiagram-v2
    classDef header font-weight:bold,stroke-width:2px,font-size:1.1em,padding:15px

    state "Arabic" as arabic
    state "<b>Street Arabic</b>" as str: Different dialects in\ndifferent places
    state "<b>Fus-ha (فُصْحى)/\nProper Arabic</b>" as fus: Found in newspapers and\nbooks, subset (small part)\nof an ancient arabic
    state "<b>Ancient/\nClassical Arabic/\nلسان العرب</b>" as cls: Language of The Quran

    arabic:::header --> str
    arabic --> fus
    arabic --> cls

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Basic Grammar

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stateDiagram-v2
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    state "ARABIC" as arabic
    %%state types <<fork>>
    state "Ism (اسم)" as ism: Person, place, thing,\nidea, adjective, adverb\nand more. It includes\nall nouns, pronouns, etc.
    state "Fi'l (فعل)" as fil: A word that is stuck in\ntime (past, present or\nfuture tense). In english,\nwe call it Verbs but it is\nmore than verbs. 
    state "Harf (حرف)" as harf: A word that makes no\nsense unless another\nword comes after it. In\nenglish, we call it\nprepositions.
    
    arabic:::header --> ism
    arabic --> fil
    arabic --> harf: 3 types of words

    note right of harf: E.g. - in, at,\nfor, with,\nby, to etc.
    note right of fil: E.g. - learned,\nwrote, helps.
    note left of ism
        <b>PERSON</b>: E.g. - He, she, her, him, they, who, that, Ahmad, grandfather
        <b>PLACE</b>: E.g. - Ice cream shop, ocean, park, campus, Canada, New York.
        <b>THING</b>: E.g. - Pen, book, screen, computer.
        <b>IDEA</b>: Words that we can't touch; not physical in nature; any 'ing' words
            that can be put after the sentence: <i>the act of ___</i>. E.g. - the act of driving. 
            E.g. - Knowledge, coolness, mercy, cooking, submission, teaching, heat.
        <b>ADJECTIVE</b>: Words that is used to describe a person, place, thing or idea.
            E.g. - old, hot, happy, lovely.
        <b>ADVERB</b>: E.g. - Quickly, Happily, patiently, nicely, kindly. (Mostly <a href="#" style="color: currentColor; cursor: text;">ly</a> words) 
    end note

    state ism_props <<fork>>
    ism --> ism_props: Properties
    ism_props --> Status
    ism_props --> Number
    ism_props --> Gender
    ism_props --> Type

    state status_types <<fork>>
    state "Raf'" as Raf: Doer of the <b>Fi'l</b>
    state "Nasb" as Nasb: Details about\nthe <b>Fi'l</b>
    state "Jarr" as Jarr: Whatever word\ncomes after <a href="#" style="color#58; currentColor; cursor#58; text;">of</a>\nin english

    Status --> status_types: 3 states
    status_types --> Raf
    status_types --> Nasb
    status_types --> Jarr

    state "Ending Sounds" as state_identification {
        state "<b>u</b> or <b>un</b>" as raf_sign
        state "<b>a</b> or <b>an</b>" as nasb_sign
        state "<b>i</b> or <b>in</b>" as jarr_sign
    }

    Raf --> raf_sign
    Nasb --> nasb_sign
    Jarr --> jarr_sign

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Process of finding Raf', Nasb and Jarr in a sentence

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stateDiagram-v2
    direction LR

    state "Find what is\nthe <b>Fi'l</b> in\nthe sentence?\n(i.e. the verb)" as find_fil
    state "Find who/what\nis the <b>Ism</b>\nthat did it?\n(i.e. the doer)" as find_ism
    state "What are the\ninvestigation/\ndetail question(s)\nabout the Fi'l\nthat follows?" as find_det

    note right of find_ism: this <b>Ism</b> would\nbe in the state\nof <b>Raf'</b>
    note right of find_det: all these\ndetails would\nbe in the state\nof <b>Nasb</b>

    [*] --> find_fil: <b>Step-1\n\n</b>
    find_fil --> find_ism: <b>Step-2\n\n</b>
    find_ism --> find_det: <b>\nStep3</b>
    find_det --> [*]: <b>Done\n\n</b>

    note_for_jarr: Any word that\ncomes after\n<a href="#" style="color#58; currentColor#59; cursor#58; text#59;">of</a> is in the\nstate of <b>Jarr</b>\nE.g. - Car of\n<u>mine</u>, <u>His</u> book,\n<u>Girl's</u> diary

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Ism, Fi'l and Harf can also be identified by the Process of Elimination since arabic sentences can only be composed of any one of the three.