useful spacemacs commands

• SPC q q quit
• C-g abort action
• SPC w / split window vertically
• SPC w - split window horizontally
• SPC w c delete current window
• SPC f f find a file
• SPC f s save a file (:w also works)
• SPC p h find a file in current project
• SPC b d kill current buffer
• SPC b M move buffer to another window
• SPC v - enter expand-region mode
• SPC s l find all function definitons in a file
  • n N jump
• SPC h d help describe
• SPC h d f help describe functions
• SPC h d v help describe variables
• SPC f e h help
• M-/ snippet completion
• SPC t s syntax checking
• SPC e syntax checking options
• SPC a r ranger
• SPC a d deer

motion (cursor)

• 9j move down 9 lines
• w b - word forward/backward
• 0 $ ^ line beginning/end/first-non-whitespace
• H M L window goto head/middle/last
• gg G buffer line first/last
• C-u C-d window half up/down
• C-b C-f window up/down
• gg G buffer top/last line
• ( ) sentence
• { } paragraph
• % matching brace, paren, etc
• f t F T find char forward/one before/backward/one after (enter desired character after this prefix)
  • f/ forward to first “/” character
  • t/ forward right before the first “/” character
• ; - repeat last find
• '' last place you were in history

source code (imenu / semantic)

https://www.spacemacs.org/layers/+tools/imenu-list/README.html

• SPC bi focus imenu tree sidebar (creating if necessary)
• SPC Ti toggle imenu tree sidebar
• SPC ji jump in buffer (helm imenu)
• q quit imenu-list window
• r refresh imenu-list window
• d RET display/goto current entry, keep/abandon focus
• f fold/unfold current section

window

• SPC 1 switch to window 1
• SPC 2 switch to window 2

buffer

• SPC TAB switch to previous buffer
• SPC b b switch buffers
• SPC b B ibuffer
• SPC s s search in a file

project

• SPC p p open project
• SPC / searches through project

marks

• m mark a line in a file with marker char that follows
  • ma - mark a line in a file with marker “a”
• ` ' go to exact position/line of marker char that follows
  • `a 'a after moving around, go back to the exact-position/line of marker “a”
• :marks view all marks evil-marks
• C-SPC C-SPC mark C-u C-SPC go to last mark in the ring , cycles last 16 marks

org subtree (must be under heading 1 or deeper)

• SPC a o r helm-org-rifle open org buffers
• helm-org-rifle-directories selected dirs; (with prefix: recursively)
• helm-org-rifle-files selected files
• hem-org-rifle-org-directory in org-directory

how to move between minibuffer window focus and back

• M-m ww other window, followed by M-m wb switch to minibuffer window

search

1. / ? * # search forwards/backwards/word forwards/word backwards
2. n N search again forwards/backwards
3. SPC h c clears highlight

helm

• C-SPC mark items
• M-a select all items
• M-g helm-ff-run* functions
• C-z actions
• C-h C-l C-k C-j up/down tree/selection
• SPC rl resume last helm session
• SPC a' available repls

visibility

scrolling

SPC N hjklHJKLbfgG transient scroll line/half-page/full-page/buffer

code folding

• SPC z . transient state for folding code
• zc zo zm zr fold/open current/all in buffer

show/hide compilation window

• SPC cd show/hide compilation window

(v)isual selection

• v or C-v or V - select block/region
• SPC v expand region
• SPC V contract region
• vig select all in buffer
• viw vaw inner/a word

editing

• x - delete char under cursor
• X - delete char before cursor
• A - add to end of line
• I - insert at the beginning of the line
• dd - delete line
• D - delete from cursor to end of line
• di' - delete text inside single quotes
• yy - copy line
• Y - copy from cursor to end of line
• cc - change line
• C - change from cursor to end of line
• cit - change text inside html tag
• ci' - change text inside single quotes
• ci{ - change text inside curly brackets.
• ci... - etc
• p - paste after cursor
• P - paste before cursor
• o - add line below
• O - add line above
• . = repeat last comment
• r - replace character
• R - replace. (overwrite) (good for columns of text)
• J - join line (cursor can be anywhere on line)

C-v multi-line editing

• C-v jjj grI <edit text> grq edit multiple lines at once

iedit : multi-occurence editing

1. SPC se *e edit all occurences of symbol under cursor
2. TAB n N occurence toggle/next/previous
3. f restrict the scope to function
4. s i x substitute/insert/xterminate
5. ESC

snippets

• M-/ - paste template e.g. q M-/ for q source code block in org-mode. powered by yas-hippie-try-expand
• SPC SPC yas-visit-snippet-file view/edit templates

source code

• M-; comment indent

selection edit/replace

• daw caw vaw word under cursor delete/change/visual select; uses evil-a-word
• M-% - query-replace; active region, or cursor point to end interactive find/replace
  • y - do the replacement.
  • n - skip
  • ! - do this and all remaining replacements without asking.
  • C-g - cancel.
• SPC se *e iedit state (after you selected region); then s substitute and type desired replacement
• opening/closing parenthesis means with/without space
• start with one of y, d, c, v, V, then s then optional i, s, f then any symbol to use as surround
  • vs( put parens around a region
  • vs} surround the selection with curlies
  • cs]{ change surrounding brackets with curlies including space
  • ds{ delete surrounding curlies
  • yss) wrap entire line in parentheses
  • ysiw] wrap word with brackets
  • Vs<p class "important">RET wrap with custom tags
  • vsfmyfunctionRET wrap with myfunction()

evil

unimpaired

• [e - Move line up
• ]e - Move line down
• [SPC - Insert space above
• ]SPC - Insert space below
• [p - Paste above current line
• ]p - Paste below current line

multiple cursors

https://practicalli.github.io/spacemacs/spacemacs-basics/evil-tools/multiple-cursors.html

• grj grk make cursor move next/prev line
• grq - quit
• grm - make all cursors
• gru - undo all cursors
• grs - pause cursors
• grr - resume cursors
• grh - make cursor here
• grl grf - make and goto last/first cursor
• M-p M-n C-p C-n - make and goto prev/next cursor/match
• grP grN grp grn C-t - skip and goto prev/next cursor/match

layouts and workspaces

window arrangement

• SPC w r SPC w R rotate windows forward/backward

layout : a window configuration with buffer isolation

eyebrowse/workspace

• gt - go to next workspace
• gT - go to previous workspace
• SPC l w n - create or switch to workspace n
• SPC l w TAB - switch to last active workspace
• SPC l w c - close current workspace
• SPC l w n or SPC l w l - switch to next workspace
• SPC l w N or SPC l w p or SPC l w h - switch to previous workspace
• SPC l w r - set a tag to the current workspace
• SPC l w w - switched to tagged workspace

git

• SPC g . version control transient state
• SPC g b open a magit blame
• SPC g B quit magit blame
• SPC g c commit changes
• SPC g C checkout branches
• SPC g d show diff prompt
• SPC g D show diff against current head
• SPC g e show ediff comparison
• SPC g E show ediff against current head
• SPC g f show fetch prompt
• SPC g F show pull prompt
• SPC g H c clear highlights
• SPC g H h highlight regions by age of commits
• SPC g H t highlight regions by last updated time
• SPC g i git init a given directory
• SPC g I open helm-gitignore
• SPC g l open a magit log
• SPC g L display the log for a file
• SPC g P show push prompt
• SPC g s open a magit status window
• SPC g S stage current file
• SPC g m display the last commit message of the current line
• SPC g t launch the git time machine
• SPC g U unstage current file

command line git

http://ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html

consolidate many commits into one

git checkout yourBranch
git reset $(git merge-base master yourBranch)
git add -A
git commit -m "one commit on yourBranch"

always git pull -r

git config --global pull.rebase true why use it, or at least git pull -r https://mergebase.com/blog/doing-git-wrong/

smerge SPC g r - (r)esolve merge conflicts

https://develop.spacemacs.org/layers/+source-control/version-control/README.html

• SPC g r Smerge mode transient state

gist

http://jr0cket.co.uk/2016/03/Using-Github-Gists-from-Spacemacs.html#:~:text=Github%20Gists%20are%20really%20useful,github%20layer%20to%20your%20~%2F.

• SPC f s save buffer to upload to github.com

SPC g g l

• RET opens the gist in a new buffer
• g reload the gist list from server
• e edit the gist description, so you know what this gist is about
• k delete current gist
• b opens the gist in the current web browser
• y show current gist url & copies it into the clipboard
• * star gist (stars do not show in gist list, only when browsing them on github)
• ^ unstar gist
• f fork gist - create a copy of your gist on gist.github.com
• + add a file to the current gist, creating an additional snippet on the gist
• - remove a file from the current gist

gist in Dired

• m @ mark file, make public gist (private if used with prefix)

magit

• gr refresh
• $ open command output buffer
• c c open a commit message buffer
• l l open log buffer
• b b b c branch checkout/create
• f f fetch changes
• F (r) u pull tracked branch and rebase
• P u P m push to branch: tracked/matching (e.g., upstream/develop to origin/develop)
• j k goto magit section next/prev
• C-j C-k visual line next/prev
• / evil-search
• n N search occurrence next/prev
• o revert item at point
• s S stage the file or hunk / stage all
• x discard changes
• + - on a hunk: increase/decrease hunk size
• TAB xpand/collapse diff (on a file)
• u U unstage staged file / all
• z z stash changes

recurring use cases

compare two revs/commits

a) d r, START, .., END , RET - use completion with TAB to populate START and END

b) l, mark the start/end commits as region, d d

Stage specific lines

select* them in a diff and hit s to stage (V will stage one more line than intended - use v instead)

Amend a commit

• l l to open log buffer
• c a on the commit you want to amend
• ​,c or C-c C-c to submit the changes

Squash last commit

http://www.howardism.org/Technical/Emacs/magit-squashing.html

• l l to open log buffer
• r e on the second to last commit, it opens the rebase buffer
• j to put point on last commit
• s to squash it
• ​,c or C-c C-c to continue to the commit message buffer ​,c or C-c C-c again when you have finished

to edit the commit message

Force push a squashed commit

• in the status buffer you should see the new commit unpushed and the old commit unpulled
• P -f P for force a push (beware usually it is not recommended to rewrite the history of a public repository, but if you are sure that you are the only one to work on a repository it is ok - i.e. in your fork).

Add upstream remote (the parent repository you have forked)

• M to open the remote popup
• a to add a remote, type the name (i.e. upstream) and the URL

Pull changes from upstream (the parent repository you have forked) and push

• b u set branch.master.remote to upstream
• F u fetch upstream
• b b checkout (master) branch
• m m merge (upstream/master)
• (old way?) - F -r C-u F and choose upstream or the name you gave to it
• P P to push the commit to origin

Tag

• t r then P t

Interactive rebase buffer

• c or p pick
• e edit
• f fixup
• gj move line down
• gk move line up
• d or x kill line
• r reword
• s squash
• u undo
• y insert
• ! execute

Git time machine

git-timemachine allows to quickly browse the commits of the current buffer.

• SPC g t start git timemachine and initiate micro-state
• c n N p show current/next/previous/previous commit
• Y copy current commit hash

files

SPC f f C-c r edit file as root

processes

• g revert/refresh
• m d u <backspace> M U mark/unmark at point/all
• o omit (filter out) marked

SPC a P server processes

https://www.masteringemacs.org/article/displaying-interacting-processes-proced

• T tree view, showing children and parents
• F column selection
• f filter rows
• RET filter on point
• t invert marks
• C P mark children
• s sort
• k x send signal (TERM by default)
  • ? review the log after sending signal
  • r renice command

SPC a p emacs processes

tables with org-table

Creating Tables

Shortcut	Action
TAB	Create a new table or move to the next field
RET	Move to the next row

Basic Table Editing

Shortcut	Action
M-LEFT	Move column left
M-RIGHT	Move column right
M-UP	Move row up
M-DOWN	Move row down
C-c -	Insert a horizontal line

Resizing and Alignment

Shortcut	Action
C-c TAB	Realign the table
C-c ^	Sort the table

Advanced Features

Shortcut	Action
C-c +	Sum numbers in a column/region
C-c `	Edit field in separate window
C-c }	Narrow table to column
C-c {	Widen table

Exporting Tables

Shortcut	Action
C-c C-c	Export table to different format

Notes

• Table editing in Org-mode is context-sensitive. The shortcuts only work when the cursor is within a table.
• To add rows or columns, simply move to where you want the new row or column and start typing.
• Use TAB to cycle through fields and create new rows.