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| @article{Christie_2019_Seminars_in_Respiratory_and_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Phenotypes}}, | |
| author = {Reilly, John and Calfee, Carolyn and Christie, Jason}, | |
| journal = {Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1069-3424}, | |
| doi = {10.1055/s-0039-1684049}, | |
| pmid = {31060085}, | |
| abstract = {{The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) phenotype was first described over 50 years ago and since that time significant progress has been made in understanding the biologic processes underlying the syndrome. Despite this improved understanding, no pharmacologic therapies aimed at the underlying biology have been proven effective in ARDS. Increasingly, ARDS has been recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by subphenotypes with distinct clinical, radiographic, and biologic differences, distinct outcomes, and potentially distinct responses to therapy. The Berlin Definition of ARDS specifies three severity classifications: mild, moderate, and severe based on the PaO 2 to FiO 2 ratio. Two randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a potential benefit to prone positioning and neuromuscular blockade in moderate to severe phenotypes of ARDS only. Precipitating risk factor, direct versus indirect lung injury, and timing of ARDS onset can determine other clinical phenotypes of ARDS after admission. Radiographic phenotypes of ARDS have been described based on a diffuse versus focal pattern of infiltrates on chest imaging. Finally and most promisingly, biologic subphenotypes or endotypes have increasingly been identified using plasma biomarkers, genetics, and unbiased approaches such as latent class analysis. The potential of precision medicine lies in identifying novel therapeutics aimed at ARDS biology and the subpopulation within ARDS most likely to respond. In this review, we discuss the challenges and approaches to subphenotype ARDS into clinical, radiologic, severity, and biologic phenotypes with an eye toward the future of precision medicine in critical care.}}, | |
| pages = {019--030}, | |
| number = {01}, | |
| volume = {40} | |
| } | |
| @article{Cole_2019, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {C4TS,MODS,ORDIT,Outcome,unread,Recovery trajectories}, | |
| title = {{Multiple organ dysfunction after trauma.}}, | |
| author = {Cole, Elaine and Gillespie, Scarlett and Vulliamy, Paul and Brohi, Karim}, | |
| journal = {British Journal of Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0007-1323}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/bjs.11361}, | |
| pmid = {31691956}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: The nature of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after traumatic injury is evolving as resuscitation practices advance and more patients survive their injuries to reach critical care. The aim of this study was to characterize contemporary MODS subtypes in trauma critical care at a population level. METHODS: Adult patients admitted to major trauma centre critical care units were enrolled in this 4-week point-prevalence study. MODS was defined by a daily total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of more than 5. Hierarchical clustering of SOFA scores over time was used to identify MODS subtypes. RESULTS: Some 440 patients were enrolled, of whom 245 (55.7 per cent) developed MODS. MODS carried a high mortality rate (22.0 per cent versus 0.5 per cent in those without MODS; P < 0.001) and 24.0 per cent of deaths occurred within the first 48 h after injury. Three patterns of MODS were identified, all present on admission. Cluster 1 MODS resolved early with a median time to recovery of 4 days and a mortality rate of 14.4 per cent. Cluster 2 had a delayed recovery (median 13 days) and a mortality rate of 35 per cent. Cluster 3 had a prolonged recovery (median 25 days) and high associated mortality rate of 46 per cent. Multivariable analysis revealed distinct clinical associations for each form of MODS; 24-hour crystalloid administration was associated strongly with cluster 1 (P = 0.009), traumatic brain injury with cluster 2 (P = 0.002) and admission shock severity with cluster 3 (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Contemporary MODS has at least three distinct types based on patterns of severity and recovery. Further characterization of MODS subtypes and their underlying pathophysiology may lead to future opportunities for early stratification and targeted interventions.}}, | |
| note = {Patients with High volumes of crystoloid had slower resolution of MODS}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Cole-Multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20after%20trauma--2019-British%20Journal%20of%20Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{El_Menyar_2020_BMC_Medical_Informatics_and_Decision_Making, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients on mechanical ventilation post traumatic brain injury: machine learning approach}}, | |
| author = {Abujaber, Ahmad and Fadlalla, Adam and Gammoh, Diala and Abdelrahman, Husham and Mollazehi, Monira and El-Menyar, Ayman}, | |
| journal = {BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s12911-020-01363-z}, | |
| pmid = {33317528}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC7737377}, | |
| abstract = {{The study aimed to introduce a machine learning model that predicts in-hospital mortality in patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). A retrospective analysis was conducted for all adult patients who sustained TBI and were hospitalized at the trauma center from January 2014 to February 2019 with an abbreviated injury severity score for head region (HAIS) ≥ 3. We used the demographic characteristics, injuries and CT findings as predictors. Logistic regression (LR) and Artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to predict the in-hospital mortality. Accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), precision, negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, specificity and F-score were used to compare the models` performance. Across the study duration; 785 patients met the inclusion criteria (581 survived and 204 deceased). The two models (LR and ANN) achieved good performance with an accuracy over 80\% and AUROC over 87\%. However, when taking the other performance measures into account, LR achieved higher overall performance than the ANN with an accuracy and AUROC of 87\% and 90.5\%, respectively compared to 80.9\% and 87.5\%, respectively. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, severity of TBI as measured by abbreviated injury score, TBI diagnosis, the need for blood transfusion, heart rate upon admission to the emergency room and patient age were found to be the significant predictors of in-hospital mortality for TBI patients on MV. Machine learning based LR achieved good predictive performance for the prognosis in mechanically ventilated TBI patients. This study presents an opportunity to integrate machine learning methods in the trauma registry to provide instant clinical decision-making support.}}, | |
| pages = {336}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {20} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mayor_2015_BMJ, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {harm,heart faliur,IV Fluids,prescribed}, | |
| title = {{One in 10 acute heart failure patients is given IV fluids despite evidence, study shows}}, | |
| author = {Mayor, Susan}, | |
| journal = {BMJ}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmj.h583}, | |
| url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h583/related}, | |
| abstract = {{One in 10 patients with acute decompensated heart failure is given intravenous (IV) fluids during the first two days of hospital admission even though this is known to be associated with worse outcomes, a US study has found.1 “Many signs and symptoms of heart failure are the result of volume overload,” said the researchers, writing in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Heart Failure . Diuretic therapy, which …}}, | |
| pages = {h583 -- h583}, | |
| number = {feb02 26}, | |
| volume = {350}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {02} | |
| } | |
| @article{Tscherne_1999_The_Journal_of_Trauma__Injury, | |
| year = {1999}, | |
| title = {{Adenosine-Triphosphate in Trauma-Related and Elective Hypothermia}}, | |
| author = {Seekamp, Andreas and Griensven, Martijn van and Hildebrandt, Frank and Wahlers, Thorsten and Tscherne, Harald}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1079-6061}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005373-199910000-00011}, | |
| pmid = {10528601}, | |
| abstract = {{Background In trauma patients, hypothermia is a frequent event. According to the literature, the majority of trauma patients are presenting a core temperature of less than 34°C at admission. In contrast to the benefit of hypothermia in elective surgery, clinical experience with hypothermia in trauma patients has identified hypothermia to be one major cause of severe posttraumatic complications. It was hypothesized that this diverse effect of hypothermia is related to depletion of high-energy phosphates like adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in trauma patients. To verify this hypothesis, the relation of ATP plasma levels and hypothermia was examined in a clinical study. Methods Three different groups of patients were under study. The first group (group A, normothermic control group) included patients (n = 15) undergoing elective surgery of the lower limb with a mean operation time of 113 minutes. The second study group (group B, hypothermic control) was composed of patients (n = 15) who were subjected to elective coronary artery bypass operation under hypothermia (31°C for 48 minutes, mean total operation time being 205 minutes). The third study group (group C) included trauma patients (n = 23, mean Injury Severity Score [ISS] of 24.7). At the time of admission, 10 patients presented a core temperature more than or equal to 34°C (group C1, mean ISS, 25.2; mean TA, 34.5°C), 13 patients presented a TA less than 34°C (group C2, mean ISS, 26.0; mean TA, 32.9°C). In both groups of surgical patients, the ATP plasma level was measured preoperatively, at 2, 4, and 24 hours postoperatively. For trauma patients, this measurement was performed at admission and 24 hours later. Within the same schedule, body core temperature was recorded and the clinical course was documented as well. Results Elective limb surgery in normothermic patients resulted only in a transient decrease in ATP plasma levels (preoperative, 87.8 μmol/dL; 4 hours postoperative, 52.0 μmol/dL). At 24 hours, the ATP plasma level (62.6 ± 10.0 μmol/dL) has increased toward baseline level. Elective hypothermia in patients subjected to coronary bypass also resulted only in a transient decrease in ATP plasma levels. During the operation period, including hypothermia, the ATP plasma level was comparable (50.4 μmol/dL) to group A and also returned back toward normal values at 24 hours (58.2 μmol/dL). All trauma patients revealed a significant low ATP plasma level at admission compared with both control groups. Looking at subdivided groups the most significant drop in ATP plasma level (28.5 μmol/dL) was noted in patients presenting an initial core temperature less than 34°C and ISS more than 30. Even 24 hours later, the ATP level of this subgroup was significantly diminished, despite a rise up to 44.4 μmol/dL. In contrast, only a moderate drop in ATP plasma concentration (59.2 μmol/dL) was noted in the group of TA more than or equal to 34°C and ISS less than 20. This group revealed almost normal values (68.3 μmol/dL) 24 hours after trauma. In addition to hypothermia, the metabolic state, reflected by the plasma lactate levels, significantly influenced the ATP plasma levels, as high lactate levels were paralleled by low ATP levels. Also, the overall outcome was related to injury severity and hypothermia. Conclusion Hypothermia in elective surgery, established by active cooling, preserves the ATP storage and maintains an aerobic metabolism, which both contribute to the beneficial effect of hypothermia in ischemia/reperfusion in cardiovascular surgery. However, in trauma patients hypothermia is caused by insufficient heat production due to utilization of ATP under anaerobic metabolic conditions. Low ATP plasma levels combined with hypothermia seem to be a predisposition for posttraumatic complications like organ failure.}}, | |
| pages = {673}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {47}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Seekamp-Adenosine-Triphosphate%20in%20Trauma-Related%20and%20Elective%20Hypothermia-1999-The%20Journal%20of%20Trauma-%20Injury,%20Infection,%20and%20Critical%20Care_2.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bearman_2015_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {Composite of EGDT trials}, | |
| title = {{Early goal-directed resuscitation of patients with septic shock: current evidence and future directions}}, | |
| author = {Gupta, R G and Hartigan, S M and Kashiouris, M G and Sessler, C N and Bearman, G M}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-015-1011-9}, | |
| abstract = {{Severe sepsis and septic shock are among the leading causes of mortality in the intensive care unit. Over a decade ago, early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) emerged as a novel approach for reducing sepsis mortality and was incorporated into guidelines published by the international Surviving Sepsis Campaign. In addition to requiring early detection of sepsis and prompt initiation of antibiotics, the EGDT protocol requires invasive patient monitoring to guide resuscitation with intravenous fluids, vasopressors, red cell transfusions, and inotropes. The effect of these measures on patient outcomes, however, remains controversial. Recently, three large randomized trials were undertaken to re-examine the effect of EGDT on morbidity and mortality: the ProCESS trial in the United States, the ARISE trial in Australia and New Zealand, and the ProMISe trial in England. These trials showed that EGDT did not significantly decrease mortality in patients with septic shock compared with usual care. In particular, whereas early administration of antibiotics appeared to increase survival, tailoring resuscitation to static measurements of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation did not confer survival benefit to most patients. In the following review, we examine these findings as well as other evidence from recent randomized trials of goal-directed resuscitation. We also discuss future areas of research and emerging paradigms in sepsis trials.}}, | |
| pages = {286}, | |
| volume = {19}, | |
| note = {Gupta, Ravi G | |
| Hartigan, Sarah M | |
| Kashiouris, Markos G | |
| Sessler, Curtis N | |
| Bearman, Gonzalo M L | |
| ENG | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2015/09/01 06:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2015 Aug 28;19:286. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1011-9.}, | |
| month = {08} | |
| } | |
| @article{Moons_2015_BMJ, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement}}, | |
| author = {Collins, G. S. and Reitsma, J. B. and Altman, D. G. and Moons, K. G.}, | |
| journal = {BMJ}, | |
| issn = {1756-1833 (Electronic) 0959-8138 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmj.g7594}, | |
| pmid = {25569120}, | |
| url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/350/bmj.g7594.full.pdf}, | |
| abstract = {{Prediction models are developed to aid health care providers in estimating the probability or risk that a specific disease or condition is present (diagnostic models) or that a specific event will occur in the future (prognostic models), to inform their decision making. However, the overwhelming evidence shows that the quality of reporting of prediction model studies is poor. Only with full and clear reporting of information on all aspects of a prediction model can risk of bias and potential usefulness of prediction models be adequately assessed. The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) Initiative developed a set of recommendations for the reporting of studies developing, validating, or updating a prediction model, whether for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. This article describes how the TRIPOD Statement was developed. An extensive list of items based on a review of the literature was created, which was reduced after a Web based survey and revised during a three day meeting in June 2011 with methodologists, health care professionals, and journal editors. The list was refined during several meetings of the steering group and in e-mail discussions with the wider group of TRIPOD contributors. The resulting TRIPOD Statement is a checklist of 22 items, deemed essential for transparent reporting of a prediction model study. The TRIPOD Statement aims to improve the transparency of the reporting of a prediction model study regardless of the study methods used. The TRIPOD Statement is best used in conjunction with the TRIPOD explanation and elaboration document. To aid the editorial process and readers of prediction model studies, it is recommended that authors include a completed checklist in their submission (also available at www.tripod-statement.org). To encourage dissemination of the TRIPOD Statement, this article is freely accessible on the Annals of Internal Medicine Web site (www.annals.org) and will be also published in BJOG, British Journal of Cancer, British Journal of Surgery, BMC Medicine, The BMJ, Circulation, Diabetic Medicine, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, European Urology, and Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. The authors jointly hold the copyright of this article. An accompanying explanation and elaboration article is freely available only on www.annals.org; Annals of Internal Medicine holds copyright for that article.}}, | |
| pages = {g7594}, | |
| number = {jan07 4}, | |
| volume = {350} | |
| } | |
| @article{Suzuki_2012_J_Anesth, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Safety and efficacy of oral rehydration therapy until 2 h before surgery: a multicenter randomized controlled trial}}, | |
| author = {Itou, K and Fukuyama, T and Sasabuchi, Y and Yasuda, H and Suzuki, N and Hinenoya, H and Kim, C and Sanui, M and Taniguchi, H and Miyao, H and Seo, N and Takeuchi, M and Iwao, Y and Sakamoto, A and Fujita, Y and Suzuki, T}, | |
| journal = {J Anesth}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00540-011-1261-x}, | |
| abstract = {{PURPOSE: In many countries, patients are generally allowed to have clear fluids until 2-3 h before surgery. In Japan, long preoperative fasting is still common practice. To shorten the preoperative fasting period in Japan, we tested the safety and efficacy of oral rehydration therapy until 2 h before surgery. METHODS: Three hundred low-risk patients scheduled for morning surgery in six university-affiliated hospitals were randomly assigned to an oral rehydration solution (ORS) group or to a fasting group. Patients in the ORS group consumed up to 1,000 ml of ORS containing balanced glucose and electrolytes: 500 ml between 2100 the night before surgery and the time they woke up the next morning and 500 ml during the morning of surgery until 2 h before surgery. Patients in the fasting group started fasting at 2100 the night before surgery. Primary endpoints were gastric fluid volume and pH immediately after anesthesia induction. Several physiological measures of hydration and electrolytes including the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and the fractional excretion of urea nitrogen (FEUN) were also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean (SD) gastric fluid volume immediately after anesthesia induction was 15.1 (14.0) ml in the ORS group and 17.5 (23.2) ml in the fasting group (P = 0.30). The mean difference between the ORS group and fasting group was -2.5 ml. The 95\% confidence interval ranged from -7.1 to +2.2 ml and did not include the noninferior limit of +8 ml. Mean (SD) gastric fluid pH was 2.1 (1.9) in the ORS group and 2.2 (2.0) in the fasting group (P = 0.59). In the ORS group, mean FENa and FEUN immediately after anesthesia induction were both significantly greater than those in the fasting group (P < 0.001 for both variables). The ORS group reported they had been less thirsty and hungry before surgery (P < 0.001, 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Oral rehydration therapy until 2 h before surgery is safe and feasible in the low-risk Japanese surgical population. Physicians are encouraged to use this practice to maintain the amount of water in the body and electrolytes and to improve the patient's comfort.}}, | |
| pages = {20 -- 27}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {26}, | |
| note = {Itou, Kenji | |
| Fukuyama, Tatsuya | |
| Sasabuchi, Yusuke | |
| Yasuda, Hiroyuki | |
| Suzuki, Norihito | |
| Hinenoya, Hajime | |
| Kim, Chol | |
| Sanui, Masamitsu | |
| Taniguchi, Hideki | |
| Miyao, Hideki | |
| Seo, Norimasa | |
| Takeuchi, Mamoru | |
| Iwao, Yasuhide | |
| Sakamoto, Atsuhiro | |
| Fujita, Yoshihisa | |
| Suzuki, Toshiyasu | |
| eng | |
| Multicenter Study | |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | |
| Japan | |
| 2011/11/02 06:00 | |
| J Anesth. 2012 Feb;26(1):20-7. doi: 10.1007/s00540-011-1261-x. Epub 2011 Nov 1.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Group_2014_Br_J_Anaesth, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Four phases of intravenous fluid therapy: a conceptual model}}, | |
| author = {Hoste, E A and Maitland, K and Brudney, C S and Mehta, R and Vincent, J L and Yates, D and Kellum, J A and Mythen, M G and Shaw, A D and Group, Adqi Xii Investigators}, | |
| journal = {Br J Anaesth}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/bja/aeu300}, | |
| abstract = {{I.V. fluid therapy plays a fundamental role in the management of hospitalized patients. While the correct use of i.v. fluids can be lifesaving, recent literature demonstrates that fluid therapy is not without risks. Indeed, the use of certain types and volumes of fluid can increase the risk of harm, and even death, in some patient groups. Data from a recent audit show us that the inappropriate use of fluids may occur in up to 20\% of patients receiving fluid therapy. The delegates of the 12th Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Conference sought to obtain consensus on the use of i.v. fluids with the aim of producing guidance for their use. In this article, we review a recently proposed model for fluid therapy in severe sepsis and propose a framework by which it could be adopted for use in most situations where fluid management is required. Considering the dose-effect relationship and side-effects of fluids, fluid therapy should be regarded similar to other drug therapy with specific indications and tailored recommendations for the type and dose of fluid. By emphasizing the necessity to individualize fluid therapy, we hope to reduce the risk to our patients and improve their outcome.}}, | |
| pages = {740 -- 747}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {113}, | |
| note = {Hoste, E A | |
| Maitland, K | |
| Brudney, C S | |
| Mehta, R | |
| Vincent, J-L | |
| Yates, D | |
| Kellum, J A | |
| Mythen, M G | |
| Shaw, A D | |
| eng | |
| 100693/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom | |
| Consensus Development Conference | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2014/09/11 06:00 | |
| Br J Anaesth. 2014 Nov;113(5):740-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu300. Epub 2014 Sep 9.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hui_2018_Academic_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Simulation for Assessment of Milestones in Emergency Medicine Residents.}}, | |
| author = {Hart, Danielle and Bond, William and Siegelman, Jeffrey N and Miller, Daniel and Cassara, Michael and Barker, Lisa and Anders, Shilo and Ahn, James and Huang, Hubert and Strother, Christopher and Hui, Joshua}, | |
| journal = {Academic Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/acem.13296}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVES:All residency programs in the United States are required to report their residents' progress on the milestones to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) biannually. Since the development and institution of this competency-based assessment framework, residency programs have been attempting to ascertain the best ways to assess resident performance on these metrics. Simulation was recommended by the ACGME as one method of assessment for many of the milestone subcompetencies. We developed three simulation scenarios with scenario-specific milestone-based assessment tools. We aimed to gather validity evidence for this tool. | |
| METHODS:We conducted a prospective observational study to investigate the validity evidence for three mannequin-based simulation scenarios for assessing individual residents on emergency medicine (EM) milestones. The subcompetencies (i.e., patient care [PC]1, PC2, PC3) included were identified via a modified Delphi technique using a group of experienced EM simulationists. The scenario-specific checklist (CL) items were designed based on the individual milestone items within each EM subcompetency chosen for assessment and reviewed by experienced EM simulationists. Two independent live raters who were EM faculty at the respective study sites scored each scenario following brief rater training. The inter-rater reliability (IRR) of the assessment tool was determined by measuring intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the sum of the CL items as well as the global rating scales (GRSs) for each scenario. Comparing GRS and CL scores between various postgraduate year (PGY) levels was performed with analysis of variance. | |
| RESULTS:Eight subcompetencies were chosen to assess with three simulation cases, using 118 subjects. Evidence of test content, internal structure, response process, and relations with other variables were found. The ICCs for the sum of the CL items and the GRSs were >0.8 for all cases, with one exception (clinical management GRS = 0.74 in sepsis case). The sum of CL items and GRSs (p < 0.05) discriminated between PGY levels on all cases. However, when the specific CL items were mapped back to milestones in various proficiency levels, the milestones in the higher proficiency levels (level 3 [L3] and 4 [L4]) did not often discriminate between various PGY levels. L3 milestone items discriminated between PGY levels on five of 12 occasions they were assessed, and L4 items discriminated only two of 12 times they were assessed. | |
| CONCLUSION:Three simulation cases with scenario-specific assessment tools allowed evaluation of EM residents on proficiency L1 to L4 within eight of the EM milestone subcompetencies. Evidence of test content, internal structure, response process, and relations with other variables were found. Good to excellent IRR and the ability to discriminate between various PGY levels was found for both the sum of CL items and the GRSs. However, there was a lack of a positive relationship between advancing PGY level and the completion of higher-level milestone items (L3 and L4).}}, | |
| editor = {Cloutier, Robert L and Fernandez, Rosemarie and and Cloutier, Robert}, | |
| pages = {205 -- 220}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {25}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Antonelli_1999, | |
| year = {1999}, | |
| title = {{Application of SOFA score to trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Antonelli, M. and Moreno, R. and Vincent, J. L. and Sprung, C. L. and Mendoça, A. and Passariello, M. and Riccioni, L. and Osborn, J.}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0342-4642}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s001340050863}, | |
| pmid = {10342513}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: To assess the ability of the SOFA score (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) to describe the evolution of organ dysfunction/failure in trauma patients over time in intensive care units (ICU). Design: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. Setting: 40 ICUs in 16 countries. Patients: All trauma patients admitted to the ICU in May 1995. Main outcome measures and results: Incidence of dysfunction/failure of different organs during the first 10 days of stay and the relation between the dysfunction, outcome, and length of stay. Included in the SOFA study were 181 trauma patients (140 males and 41 females).The non-survivors were significantly older than the survivors (51 years ± 20 vs 38 ± 16 years, p < 0.05) and had a higher global SOFA score on admission (8 ± 4 vs 4 ± 3, p < 0.05) and throughout the 10-day stay. On admission, the non-survivors had higher scores for respiratory ( > 3 in 47 \% of non-survivors vs 17 \% of survivors), cardiovascular ( > 3 in 24 \% of non-survivors vs 5.7 \% of survivors), and neurological systems ( > 4 in 41 \% of non-survivors vs 16 \% of survivors); although the trend was maintained over the whole study period, the differences were greater during the first 4–5 days. After the first 4 days, only respiratory dysfunction was significantly related to outcome. A higher SOFA score, admission to the ICU from the same hospital, and the presence of infection on admission were the three major variables associated with a longer length of stay in the ICU (additive regression coefficients: 0.85 days for each SOFA point, 4.4 for admission from the same hospital, 7.26 for infection on admission). Conclusions: The SOFA score can reliably describe organ dysfunction/failure in trauma patients. Regular and repeated scoring may be helpful for identifying categories of patients at major risk of prolonged ICU stay or death.}}, | |
| pages = {389--394}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {25}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Antonelli-Application%20of%20SOFA%20score%20to%20trauma%20patients-1999-Intensive%20Care%20Medicine_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sherman_1996_Medicine__amp_Science_in_Sports__amp_Exercise, | |
| year = {1996}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{ACSM Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement}}, | |
| author = {Convertino, Victor A and Armstrong, Lawrence E and Coyle, Edward F and Mack, Gary W and Sawka, Michael N and Jr., Leo C Senay and Sherman, W Michael}, | |
| journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005768-199610000-00045}, | |
| url = {https://www.researchgate.net/}, | |
| pages = {i -- ix}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {28}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Lane_2023, | |
| year = {2023}, | |
| author = {Nutter, Benjamin and Lane, Stephen}, | |
| title = {{\{redcapAPI\}: Accessing data from REDCap projects using the API}}, | |
| url = {https://github.com/nutterb/redcapAPI/wiki} | |
| } | |
| @techreport{Health_2013_National_Institute_for_Health, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| author = {Health, NICE - National Institute for}, | |
| title = {{Intravenous fuid therapy in adults in hospital}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 26}, | |
| month = {12} | |
| } | |
| @article{Westphal_2013_Shock, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{How to guide volume expansion in severe sepsis and septic shock patients? Possibilities in the real world}}, | |
| author = {Westphal, G A}, | |
| journal = {Shock}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/shk.0b013e31828faf4a}, | |
| abstract = {{Early fluid administration is fundamental for the initial treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock patients. A large portion of suspected severe sepsis and septic shock patients can be quickly resuscitated with therapeutic tests until surrogate cardiac output markers, such as heart rate and urinary output, are normalized. Delaying volume expansion until invasive instrumentation is installed is not justifiable. When clinical stabilization is not achieved with initial fluid resuscitation, more careful, complete, and accurate monitoring should be started for both reversing tissue hypoxia and preventing fluid overload. This challenge requires appropriate knowledge of the physiological foundations governing the different monitoring method advantages and their respective limitations, therefore allowing the election of the best therapeutic measures for each different scenario.}}, | |
| pages = {38 -- 41}, | |
| volume = {39 Suppl 1}, | |
| note = {Westphal, Glauco Adrieno | |
| eng | |
| 2013/03/14 06:00 | |
| Shock. 2013 May;39 Suppl 1:38-41. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e31828faf4a.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bersten_2016_Emerg_Med_Australas, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Fluid bolus therapy in emergency department patients: Indications and physiological changes}}, | |
| author = {Bihari, S and Teubner, D J and Prakash, S and Beatty, T and Morphett, M and Bellomo, R and Bersten, A}, | |
| journal = {Emerg Med Australas}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/1742-6723.12621}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present paper is to study the indications for fluid bolus therapy (FBT) and its associated physiological changes in ED patients. METHODS: Prospective observational study of FBT in a tertiary ED, we recorded indications, number, types and volumes, resuscitation goals and perceived success rates of FBT. Moreover, we studied key physiological variables before, 10 min, 1 h and 2 h after FBT. RESULTS: We studied 500 FBT episodes (750 [500-1250] mL). Median age was 59 (36-76) years and 57\% were male. Shock was deemed present in 135 (27\%) patients, septic shock in 80 (16\%), and cardiogenic shock in 30 (6\%). Overall, 0.9\% saline (84\%) was the most common fluid and hypotension the most common indication (70\%). 'Avoidance of hospital/ICU admission' was the goal perceived to have the greatest success rate (85\%). However, although mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased (P < 0.01) and heart rate (HR) decreased (P = 0.04) at 10 min (P = 0.01), both returned to baseline at 1 and 2 h. In contrast, respiratory rate (RR) increased at 1 (P < 0.01) and 2 h (P = 0.03) and temperature decreased at 1 and 2 h (both P < 0.001). In patients with shock, 1 h after FBT, there was a median 3 mmHg increase in MAP (P = 0.01) but no change in HR (P = 0.44), while RR increased (P < 0.01) and temperature decreased (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In ED, FBT is used mostly in patients without shock. However, after an immediate haemodynamic effect, FBT is associated with absent or limited physiological changes at 1 or 2 h. Even in shocked patients, the changes in MAP at 1 or 2 h after FBT are small.}}, | |
| pages = {531 -- 537}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {28}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {Bihari, Shailesh | |
| Teubner, David J | |
| Prakash, Shivesh | |
| Beatty, Thomas | |
| Morphett, Mark | |
| Bellomo, Rinaldo | |
| Bersten, Andrew | |
| eng | |
| Australia | |
| 2016/07/05 06:00 | |
| Emerg Med Australas. 2016 Oct;28(5):531-7. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12621. Epub 2016 Jul 3.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Finefrock_2015_Western_Journal_of_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{A Delphi Method Analysis to Create an Emergency Medicine Educational Patient Satisfaction Survey}}, | |
| author = {London, Kory and Singal, Bonita and Fowler, Jennifer and Prepejchal, Rebecca and Simmons, Stefanie and Finefrock, Douglas}, | |
| journal = {Western Journal of Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.5811/westjem.2015.10.28291}, | |
| abstract = {{Introduction: Feedback on patient satisfaction (PS) as a means to monitor and improve performance in patient communication is lacking in residency training. A physician’s promotion, compensation and job satisfaction may be impacted by his individual PS scores, once he is in practice. Many communication and satisfaction surveys exist but none focus on the emergency department setting for educational purposes. The goal of this project was to create an emergency medicine-based educational PS survey with strong evidence for content validity. Methods: We used the Delphi Method (DM) to obtain expert opinion via an iterative process of surveying. Questions were mined from four PS surveys as well as from group suggestion. The DM analysis determined the structure, content and appropriate use of the tool. The group used four-point Likert-type scales and Lynn’s criteria for content validity to determine relevant questions from the stated goals. Results: Twelve recruited experts participated in a series of seven surveys to achieve consensus. A 10-question, single-page survey with an additional page of qualitative questions and demographic questions was selected. Thirty one questions were judged to be relevant from an original 48-question list. Of these, the final 10 questions were chosen. Response rates for individual survey items was 99.5\%. Conclusion: The DM produced a consensus survey with content validity evidence. Future work will be needed to obtain evidence for response process, internal structure and construct validity.}}, | |
| pages = {1106 -- 1108}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {16}, | |
| month = {12} | |
| } | |
| @article{Finch_2014_Injury_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Implementing injury surveillance systems alongside injury prevention programs: evaluation of an online surveillance system in a community setting}}, | |
| author = {Ekegren, Christina L and Donaldson, Alex and Gabbe, Belinda J and Finch, Caroline F}, | |
| journal = {Injury Epidemiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s40621-014-0019-y}, | |
| pages = {1115 -- 15}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {1}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {07} | |
| } | |
| @article{Jakob_2005_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Does fluid loading influence measurements of intestinal permeability?}}, | |
| author = {Parviainen, I and Takala, J and Jakob, S M}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/cc3511}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION: Urinary recovery of enterally administered probes is used as a clinical test of intestinal mucosal permeability. Recently, evidence has been provided that the recovery of some but not all sugar probes is dependent on the amount of diuresis and renal function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fluid loading on the urinary recovery of sugar probes in healthy volunteers. METHODS: In a cross-over study, 10 healthy volunteers ingested 100 ml of a solution containing 0.2 g of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG), 0.5 g of D-xylose, 1.0 g of L-rhamnose, and 5.0 g of lactulose on two different days. The volunteers were randomized to receive either 2 litres of Ringer acetate or no fluid during the following 3 hours. The sugar concentrations were measured in 5-hour urine samples period. RESULTS: Fluid loading increased urine production and urinary recovery of xylose. Fluid loading did not influence the urinary recovery of 3-OMG, L-rhamnose, or lactulose. Neither the lactulose/rhamnose ratio nor the 3-OMG/rhamnose ratio changed. CONCLUSION: Fluid loading increases mediated carbohydrate transport but not the lactulose/rhamnose ratio, after oral sugar administration in healthy volunteers. It remains to be determined whether sugar probes are handled differently in response to fluids in patients with organ dysfunctions.}}, | |
| pages = {R234 -- 7}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {Parviainen, Ilkka | |
| Takala, Jukka | |
| Jakob, Stephan M | |
| eng | |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | |
| England | |
| London, England | |
| 2005/07/01 09:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2005 Jun;9(3):R234-7. Epub 2005 Mar 21.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sauaia_1994, | |
| year = {1994}, | |
| title = {{Early Predictors of Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure}}, | |
| author = {Sauaia, Angela and Moore, Frederick A. and Moore, Ernest E. and Haenel, James B. and Read, Robert A. and Lezotte, Dennis C.}, | |
| journal = {Archives of Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0004-0010}, | |
| doi = {10.1001/archsurg.1994.01420250051006}, | |
| pmid = {8279939}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: To find a predictive model for postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF).Design: A 3-year cohort study ending December 1992 (first year: retrospective; last 2 years: prospective).Setting: Denver General Hospital (Colo) is a regional level I trauma center.Patients: Consecutive trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 15, with an age greater than 16 years, and who survived longer than 24 hours. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed in all patients (n=394), in the subgroup of patients with 0 to 12 hours, plus 12 to 24 hours base deficit (BD) results (n=220), and in a second subgroup of patients with BD plus lactate results at 0 to 12 hours and 12 to 24 hours (n=106).Main Outcome: Postinjury MOF.Results: The following variables were identified as independent predictors of MOF in the analysis of all patients: age more than 55 years, ISS greater than or equal to 25, and more than 6 U of red blood cells in the first 12 hours after admission (U RBC/12 hours). In the subgroup with BD results, the same analysis identified age greater than 55 years, greater than 6 U RBC/12 hours, and BD greater than 8 mEq/L (0 to 12 hours), while in the last subgroup analysis including BD and lactate results, greater than 6 U RBC/12 hours, BD greater than 8 mEq/L (0 to 12 hours), and lactate greater than 2.5 mmol/L (12 to 24 hours) were independently associated with MOF.Conclusions: Age greater than 55 years, ISS greater than or equal to 25, and greater than 6 U RBC/12 hours are early independent predictors of MOF. Subgroup analyses indicate that BD and lactate levels may add substantial predictive value. Moreover, these results emphasize the predominant role of the initial insult in the pathogenesis of postinjury MOF.(Arch Surg. 1994;129:39-45)}}, | |
| pages = {39--45}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {129}, | |
| note = {Added to organ dysfunction history | |
| Mixed cohort obs study | |
| ISS >15 adults survive 1st 24 hrs | |
| }, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Sauaia-Early%20Predictors%20of%20Postinjury%20Multiple%20Organ%20Failure-1994-Archives%20of%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Jacqmin_Gadda_2009_Computational_Statistics___Data_Analysis, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Joint modelling of multivariate longitudinal outcomes and a time-to-event: A nonlinear latent class approach}}, | |
| author = {Proust-Lima, Cécile and Joly, Pierre and Dartigues, Jean-François and Jacqmin-Gadda, Hélène}, | |
| journal = {Computational Statistics \& Data Analysis}, | |
| issn = {0167-9473}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.csda.2008.10.017}, | |
| abstract = {{A joint model based on a latent class approach is proposed to explore the association between correlated longitudinal quantitative markers and a time-to-event. A longitudinal latent class model describes latent profiles of evolution of the latent process underlying the correlated markers. The latent process is linked to the markers by nonlinear transformations including parameters to be estimated. A proportional hazard model describes the joint risk of event according to the latent classes and two specifications of the risk function are considered: a parametric function and a semi-parametric function based on splines. Depending on the chosen risk function, estimation is performed by a maximum likelihood or a maximum penalized likelihood approach. A simulation study validates the estimation procedure. As a latent class model relies on the strong assumption that the markers and the time-to-event are independent conditionally on the latent classes, a test of conditional independence is proposed using the residuals conditional on time-to-event. The procedure does not require any posterior classification and can be conducted using standard statistical softwares. The methodology is applied to describe profiles of cognitive decline in the elderly and their associated risk of dementia.}}, | |
| pages = {1142--1154}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {53} | |
| } | |
| @article{Murphy_1997_Pediatrics, | |
| year = {1997}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Validity and Reliability of Clinical Signs in the Diagnosis of Dehydration in Children}}, | |
| author = {Gorelick, Marc H and Shaw, Kathy N and Murphy, Kathleen O}, | |
| journal = {Pediatrics}, | |
| doi = {10.1542/peds.99.5.e6}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective. To determine the validity and reliability of various clinical findings in the diagnosis of dehydration in children.Design. Prospective cohort study.Setting. An urban pediatric hospital emergency department.Participants. One hundred eighty-six children ranging in age from 1 month to 5 years old with diarrhea, vomiting, or poor oral fluid intake, either admitted or followed as outpatients. Exclusion criteria included malnutrition, recent prior therapy at another facility, symptoms for longer than 5 days’ duration, and hyponatremia or hypernatremia.Methods. All children were evaluated for 10 clinical signs before treatment. The diagnostic standard for dehydration was fluid deficit as determined from serial weight gain after treatment.Main Results. Sixty-three children (34\%) had dehydration, defined as a deficit of 5\% or more of body weight. At this deficit, clinical signs were already apparent (median = 5). Individual findings had generally low sensitivity and high specificity, although parent report of decreased urine output was sensitive but not specific. The presence of any three or more signs had a sensitivity of 87\% and specificity of 82\% for detecting a deficit of 5\% or more. A subset of four factors—capillary refill \>2 seconds, absent tears, dry mucous membranes, and ill general appearance—predicted dehydration as well as the entire set, with the presence of any two or more of these signs indicating a deficit of at least 5\%. Interobserver reliability was good to excellent for all but one of the findings studied (quality of respirations).Conclusions. Conventionally used clinical signs of dehydration are valid and reliable; however, individual findings lack sensitivity. Diagnosis of clinically important dehydration should be based on the presence of at least three clinical findings. dehydration, capillary refill, clinical assessment, interobserver agreement.\%U http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/99/5/e6.full.pdf}}, | |
| pages = {e6 -- e6}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {99} | |
| } | |
| @article{McCulloch_2021_Nature_Medicine, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{DECIDE-AI: new reporting guidelines to bridge the development-to-implementation gap in clinical artificial intelligence}}, | |
| author = {Vasey, Baptiste and Clifton, David A. and Collins, Gary S. and Denniston, Alastair K. and Faes, Livia and Geerts, Bart F. and Liu, Xiaoxuan and Morgan, Lauren and Watkinson, Peter and McCulloch, Peter}, | |
| journal = {Nature Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1078-8956}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/s41591-021-01229-5}, | |
| pmid = {33526932}, | |
| abstract = {{As an increasing number of clinical decision-support systems driven by artificial intelligence progress from development to implementation, better guidance on the reporting of human factors and early-stage clinical evaluation is needed.}}, | |
| pages = {186--187}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {27}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Vasey-DECIDE-AI-%20new%20reporting%20guidelines%20to%20bridge%20the%20development-to-implementation%20gap%20in%20clinical%20artificial%20intelligence-2021-Nature%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @techreport{Wrigley_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| author = {Clark, Sophie and Brand, Martin and Donovan, Sheila and Dorning, Holly and Halter, Mary and Porter, Alison and Damiani, Michael and Forthergill, Rachel and McTigue, Martin and Snooks, Helen and Wrigley, Fenella}, | |
| title = {{The Pre-Hospital Emergency Department Data Linkage Project}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 17}, | |
| month = {09} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ellemberg_2016_Journal_of_Neurotrauma, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{Persisting Effects of Concussion on Heart Rate Variability during Physical Exertion}}, | |
| author = {Abaji, Joseph Patrick and Curnier, Daniel and Moore, Robert Davis and Ellemberg, Dave}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma}, | |
| issn = {0897-7151}, | |
| doi = {10.1089/neu.2015.3989}, | |
| pmid = {26159461}, | |
| abstract = {{The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation in university athletes during the post-acute to late phase (mean, 95 days ±63) of injury at rest and during physical exertion. We also sought to evaluate the effect of time since injury and number of injuries on heart rate variability (HRV). We hypothesized that physical exertion would reveal persisting modifications in HRV following a concussion. We included, in a cross-sectional design, athletes who sustained a concussion and matched controls. Concussions were identified by a medical doctor using established criteria. Twelve male concussed and 12 control athletes took part in the study. Control participants were teammates who were chosen to match the concussed athletes with regard to their height, weight, education, and age. The beat-to-beat electrocardiogram intervals of the participants were measured at rest and during physical exertion (isometric hand grip contraction; IHGC), which was sustained for 3 minutes at 30\% of the participants' maximum. Linear and nonlinear parameters of HRV were calculated. The ratio between low and high frequency (LF/HF) bands was calculated to assess the sympathovagal balance. During the IHGC, but not at rest, concussed athletes presented significantly lower power in HF bands, leading to a significantly higher LF/HF ratio (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, asymptomatic athletes still may exhibit modifications in cardiac autonomic modulation weeks to months following injury. These modifications may only become apparent during physical exertion. Monitoring HRV may aid diagnosis and provide insight about safe return to play.}}, | |
| pages = {811--817}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {33} | |
| } | |
| @article{0r8, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2017\_Bookmatter\_RoboticsVisionAndControl(3).pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sengupta_2021_Machine_Learning_and_Knowledge_Extraction, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{Benchmarking Studies Aimed at Clustering and Classification Tasks Using K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means and Evolutionary Neural Networks}}, | |
| author = {Pickens, Adam and Sengupta, Saptarshi}, | |
| journal = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction}, | |
| doi = {10.3390/make3030035}, | |
| abstract = {{Clustering is a widely used unsupervised learning technique across data mining and machine learning applications and finds frequent use in diverse fields ranging from astronomy, medical imaging, search and optimization, geology, geophysics, and sentiment analysis, to name a few. It is therefore important to verify the effectiveness of the clustering algorithm in question and to make reasonably strong arguments for the acceptance of the end results generated by the validity indices that measure the compactness and separability of clusters. This work aims to explore the successes and limitations of two popular clustering mechanisms by comparing their performance over publicly available benchmarking data sets that capture a variety of data point distributions as well as the number of attributes, especially from a computational point of view by incorporating techniques that alleviate some of the issues that plague these algorithms. Sensitivity to initialization conditions and stagnation to local minima are explored. Further, an implementation of a feedforward neural network utilizing a fully connected topology in particle swarm optimization is introduced. This serves to be a guided random search technique for the neural network weight optimization. The algorithms utilized here are studied and compared, from which their applications are explored. The study aims to provide a handy reference for practitioners to both learn about and verify benchmarking results on commonly used real-world data sets from both a supervised and unsupervised point of view before application in more tailored, complex problems.}}, | |
| pages = {695--719}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {3}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Pickens-Benchmarking%20Studies%20Aimed%20at%20Clustering%20and%20Classification%20Tasks%20Using%20K-Means,%20Fuzzy%20C-Means%20and%20Evolutionary%20Neural%20Networks-2021-Machine%20Learning%20and%20Knowledge%20Extraction_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Acosta_2015_Medical_Engineering___Physics, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {Algorithms,Diagnosis,Computer-Assisted/*methods,Discriminant Analysis,Dose-Response Relationship,Radiation,Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis/*etiology,Humans,Linear Models,Male,Principal Component Analysis,Probability,Prognosis,Prostatic Neoplasms/*radiotherapy,Radiation Injuries/diagnosis/*etiology,Radiotherapy Dosage,Radiotherapy Planning,Computer-Assisted,Rectum,Risk,Sensitivity and Specificity,Support Vector Machine,Prostate,Prostatic Neoplasms,Radiotherapy}, | |
| title = {{On feature extraction and classification in prostate cancer radiotherapy using tensor decompositions}}, | |
| author = {Fargeas, Auréline and Albera, Laurent and Kachenoura, Amar and Dréan, Gaël and Ospina, Juan-David and Coloigner, Julie and Lafond, Caroline and Delobel, Jean-Bernard and Crevoisier, Renaud De and Acosta, Oscar}, | |
| journal = {Medical Engineering \& Physics}, | |
| issn = {1350-4533}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.08.009}, | |
| pmid = {25443534}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25443534/}, | |
| abstract = {{External beam radiotherapy is commonly prescribed for prostate cancer. Although new radiation techniques allow high doses to be delivered to the target, the surrounding healthy organs (rectum and bladder) may suffer from irradiation, which might produce undesirable side-effects. Hence, the understanding of the complex toxicity dose–volume effect relationships is crucial to adapt the treatment, thereby decreasing the risk of toxicity. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to classify patients at risk of presenting rectal bleeding based on a Deterministic Multi-way Analysis (DMA) of three-dimensional planned dose distributions across a population. After a non-rigid spatial alignment of the anatomies applied to the dose distributions, the proposed method seeks for two bases of vectors representing bleeding and non bleeding patients by using the Canonical Polyadic (CP) decomposition of two fourth order arrays of the planned doses. A patient is then classified according to its distance to the subspaces spanned by both bases. A total of 99 patients treated for prostate cancer were used to analyze and test the performance of the proposed approach, named CP-DMA, in a leave-one-out cross validation scheme. Results were compared with supervised (linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, K-means, K-nearest neighbor) and unsupervised (recent principal component analysis-based algorithm, and multidimensional classification method) approaches based on the registered dose distribution. Moreover, CP-DMA was also compared with the Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) model. The CP-DMA method allowed rectal bleeding patients to be classified with good specificity and sensitivity values, outperforming the classical approaches.}}, | |
| pages = {126--131}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {37}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: cancer,k-mean,tensor,unsupervised learning,Deterministic Multi-way Analysis | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{r1b, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{<1741-7015-2-11-S4.pdf>}} | |
| } | |
| @book{textbookofpolytrauma2022, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Textbook of Polytrauma Management, A Multidisciplinary Approach}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| editor = {Pape, Hans-Christoph and Jr., Joseph Borrelli and Moore, Ernest E and Pfeifer, Roman and Stahel, Philip F}, | |
| isbn = {9783030959050}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-95906-7}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/softarchive.is_Textbook_of_Polytrauma_Management_3.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dale_2004_Journal_of_Pediatric_Health_Care, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral rehydration solutions in the management of acute gastroenteritis among children}}, | |
| author = {Dale, Juanita}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Pediatric Health Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.pedhc.2004.04.005}, | |
| pages = {211 -- 212}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {18} | |
| } | |
| @inproceedings{Ross_2007_IEEE_International_Fuzzy_Systems_Conference, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| author = {Denai, Mouloud and Mahfouf, Mahdi and Ross, Jonathan}, | |
| title = {{A Fuzzy Decision Support System for Therapy Administration in Cardiovascular Intensive Care Patients}}, | |
| isbn = {1-4244-1209-9}, | |
| doi = {10.1109/fuzzy.2007.4295361}, | |
| url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4295361/}, | |
| urldate = {0}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 6}, | |
| series = {2007 IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference} | |
| } | |
| @article{Williams_2006_Accident_and_Emergency_Nursing, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Patient dependency in the emergency department (ED): Reliability and validity of the Jones Dependency Tool (JDT)}}, | |
| author = {Crouch, Robert and Williams, Susan}, | |
| journal = {Accident and Emergency Nursing}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.aaen.2006.06.005}, | |
| pages = {219 -- 229}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {14}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Taylor_2015_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Factors affecting response to national early warning score (NEWS)}}, | |
| author = {Kolic, I. and Crane, S. and McCartney, S. and Perkins, Z. and Taylor, A.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.009}, | |
| pmid = {25703784}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25703784}, | |
| abstract = {{ Introduction The NEWS is a physiological score, which prescribes an appropriate response for the deteriorating patient in need of urgent medical care. However, it has been suggested that compliance with early warning scoring systems for identifying patient deterioration may vary out of hours. We aimed to (1) assess the scoring accuracy and the adequacy of the prescribed clinical responses to NEWS and (2) assess whether responses were affected by time of day, day of week and score severity. Methods We performed a prospective observational study of 370 adult patients admitted to an acute medical ward in a London District General Hospital. Patient characteristics, NEW score, time of day, day of week and clinical response data were collected for the first 24h of admission. Patients with less than a 12h hospital stay were excluded. We analysed data with univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results In 70 patients (18.9\%) the NEW score was calculated incorrectly. There was a worsening of the clinical response with increasing NEW score. An appropriate clinical response to the NEWS was observed in 274 patients (74.1\%). Patients admitted on the weekend were more likely to receive an inadequate response, compared to patients admitted during the week (p <0.0001). After adjusting for confounders, increasing NEWS score remained significantly associated with an inadequate clinical response. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a small increase in inadequate NEWS responses at night, however this was not clinically or statistically significant. Conclusion The high rate of incorrectly calculated NEW scores has implications for the prescribed actions. Clinical response to NEWS score triggers is significantly worse at weekends, highlighting an important patient safety concern.}}, | |
| pages = {85--90}, | |
| number = {Resuscitation 71 2006}, | |
| volume = {90} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hire_2011_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Longitudinal analysis of one million vital signs in patients in an academic medical center}}, | |
| author = {Bleyer, A. J. and Vidya, S. and Russell, G. B. and Jones, C. M. and Sujata, L. and Daeihagh, P. and Hire, D.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.06.033}, | |
| pmid = {21756971}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756971}, | |
| abstract = {{ Background Recognition of critically abnormal vital signs has been used to identify critically ill patients for activation of rapid response teams. Most studies have only analyzed vital signs obtained at the time of admission. The intent of this study was to examine the association of critical vital signs occurring at any time during the hospitalization with mortality. Methods All vital sign measurements were obtained for hospitalizations from January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009 at a large academic medical center. Results There were 1.15 million individual vital sign determinations obtained in 42,430 admissions on 27,722 patients. Critical vital signs were defined as a systolic blood pressure <85mmHg, heart rate >120bpm, temperature <35°C or >38.9°C, oxygen saturation <91\%, respiratory rate ≤12 or ≥24, and level of consciousness recorded as anything but “alert”. The presence of a solitary critically abnormal vital sign was associated with a mortality of 0.92\% vs. a mortality of 23.6\% for three simultaneous critical vital signs. Of those experiencing three simultaneous critical vital signs, only 25\% did so within 24h of admission. The Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and VitalPAC Early Warning Score (VIEWS) were validated as good predictors of mortality at any time point during the hospitalization. Conclusions The simultaneous presence of three critically abnormal vital signs can occur at any time during the hospital admission and is associated with very high mortality. Early recognition of these events presents an opportunity for decreasing mortality.}}, | |
| pages = {1387--92}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {82} | |
| } | |
| @article{Smith_2015_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Aggregate National Early Warning Score (NEWS) values are more important than high scores for a single vital signs parameter for discriminating the risk of adverse outcomes}}, | |
| author = {Jarvis, S. and Kovacs, C. and Briggs, J. and Meredith, P. and Schmidt, P. E. and Featherstone, P. I. and Prytherch, D. R. and Smith, G. B.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.014}, | |
| pmid = {25433295}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433295}, | |
| abstract = {{ Introduction The Royal College of Physicians (RCPL) National Early Warning Score (NEWS) escalates care to a doctor at NEWS values of ≥5 and when the score for any single vital sign is 3. Methods We calculated the 24-h risk of serious clinical outcomes for vital signs observation sets with NEWS values of 3, 4 and 5, separately determining risks when the score did/did not include a single score of 3. We compared workloads generated by the RCPL's escalation protocol and for aggregate NEWS value alone. Results Aggregate NEWS values of 3 or 4 (n =142,282) formed 15.1\% of all vital signs sets measured; those containing a single vital sign scoring 3 (n =36,207) constituted 3.8\% of all sets. Aggregate NEWS values of either 3 or 4 with a component score of 3 have significantly lower risks (OR: 0.26 and 0.53) than an aggregate value of 5 (OR: 1.0). Escalating care to a doctor when any single component of NEWS scores 3 compared to when aggregate NEWS values ≥5, would have increased doctors’ workload by 40\% with only a small increase in detected adverse outcomes from 2.99 to 3.08 per day (a 3\% improvement in detection). Conclusions The recommended NEWS escalation protocol produces additional work for the bedside nurse and responding doctor, disproportionate to a modest benefit in increased detection of adverse outcomes. It may have significant ramifications for efficient staff resource allocation, distort patient safety focus and risk alarm fatigue. Our findings suggest that the RCPL escalation guidance warrants review.}}, | |
| pages = {75--80}, | |
| number = {Crit Care Med 34 2006}, | |
| volume = {87} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brohi_2022_Annals_of_surgery_open, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Older Major Trauma Critical Care Patients}}, | |
| author = {Cole, Elaine and Aylwin, Chris and Christie, Robert and Dillane, Bebhinn and Farrah, Helen and Hopkins, Phillip and Ryan, Chris and Woodgate, Adam and Brohi, Karim}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Surgery Open}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/as9.0000000000000174}, | |
| pmid = {36936724}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC10013163}, | |
| abstract = {{The objective was to explore the characteristics and outcomes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in older trauma patients. Severely injured older people present an increasing challenge for trauma systems. Recovery for those who require critical care may be complicated by MODS. In older trauma patients, MODS may not be predictable based on chronological age alone and factors associated with its development and resolution are unclear. Consecutive adult patients (aged ≥16 years) admitted to 4 level 1 major trauma center critical care units were enrolled and reviewed daily until discharge or death. MODS was defined by a daily total sequential organ failure assessment score of >5. One thousand three hundred sixteen patients were enrolled over 18 months and one-third (434) were aged ≥65 years. Incidence of MODS was high for both age groups (<65 years: 64\%, ≥65 years: 70\%). There were few differences in severity, patterns, and duration of MODS between cohorts, except for older traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients who experienced a prolonged course of MODS recovery (TBI: 9 days vs no TBI: 5 days, P < 0.01). Frailty rather than chronological age had a strong association with MODS development (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; 95\% confidence intervals [CI], 3.0–12.4; P < 0.001) and MODS mortality (OR, 2.1; 95\% CI, 1.31–3.38; P = 0.02). Critical care resource utilization was not increased in older patients, but MODS had a substantial impact on mortality (<65 years: 17\%; ≥65 years: 28\%). The majority of older patients who did not develop MODS survived and had favorable discharge outcomes (home discharge ≥65 years NoMODS: 50\% vs MODS: 15\%; P < 0.01). Frailty rather than chronological age appears to drive MODS development, recovery, and outcome in older cohorts. Early identification of frailty after trauma may help to predict MODS and plan care in older trauma.}}, | |
| pages = {e174--e174}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {3}, | |
| month = {3}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Cole-Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20in%20Older%20Major%20Trauma%20Critical%20Care%20Patients-2022-Annals%20of%20Surgery%20Open_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @techreport{Gard_2011, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| author = {Marino, Frank and Gard, Michael}, | |
| title = {{A preliminary report on voluntary fluid intake of adolescent elite athletes during training: a cause for concern?}}, | |
| url = {https://www.researchgate.net/}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 12}, | |
| month = {04} | |
| } | |
| @article{Barie_1996, | |
| year = {1996}, | |
| keywords = {MODS General,Not trauma specific}, | |
| title = {{Influence of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome on Duration of Critical Illness and Hospitalization}}, | |
| author = {Barie, Philip S. and Hydo, Lynn J.}, | |
| journal = {Archives of Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0004-0010}, | |
| doi = {10.1001/archsurg.1996.01430240072010}, | |
| pmid = {8956774}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the leading cause of death in the general surgery intensive care unit (SICU). The development of MODS is a powerful predictor of prolonged SICU stay in survivors and nonsurvivors of critical illness, but its relation to less severe illness and briefer duration of care is unknown.Objectives: To determine the relation between modest degrees of MODS and length of stay in the SICU and hospital and whether daily MOD score calculations can distinguish survivors from nonsurvivors before the SICU stay becomes prolonged.Setting: An SICU of a university tertiary care medical center.Design: Prospective inception-cohort study. Illness severity data were collected in retrospect only for the calendar year 1991.Patients: Of 2646 consecutive patients studied, 115 stayed in the SICU more than 21 days.Methods: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and III scores were calculated after 24 hours, with daily and cumulative MOD scores (0-4 points for 6 organs, 24 points maximum). Patients were followed up until hospital discharge or death. Data analysis was performed by unpaired 2-tailed t test, exact contingency analysis for multiple groups, univariate 1- or 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, or linear or polynomial regression tests as appropriate, α=.05.Results: The mean (±SEM) age of the patients was 65±1 years; mean (±SEM) APACHE II score, 13.8±0.2; APACHE III score, 44.2±0.7; incidence of MODS, 1173 of 2646 patients, 44.3\%; and hospital mortality rate, 9.2\%. Cumulative MOD scores correlated closely with SICU length of stay in survivors, especially for SICU stays of less than 10 days (R2=0.99, P<.001). Similar correlations existed between the prevalence of MODS related to the increasing length of the SICU stay (R2=0.98, P<.001) and between the length of hospital stay and the cumulative MOD score (R2=0.79, P<.05). Daily MOD scores in patients whose SICU stay was more than 21 days distinguished survivors from nonsurvivors by day 2 of the SICU stay (P<.05) and thereafter.Conclusions: Modest degrees of MODS correlate closely with the duration of care in less severely ill patients. Early identification and daily quantitation of MODS may help identify patients at risk for prolonged illness and death. Prevention of outcomes that contribute to organ dysfunction is critical for reduction of length of stay and cost of careArch Surg. 1996;131:1318-1324}}, | |
| pages = {1318--1324}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {131}, | |
| note = {This paper is generally covering MODS in the Surgical intensive care setting.small centre }, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Barie-Influence%20of%20Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Syndrome%20on%20Duration%20of%20Critical%20Illness%20and%20Hospitalization-1996-Archives%20of%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Collins_2015_Ann_Intern_Med, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): explanation and elaboration}}, | |
| author = {Moons, K. G. and Altman, D. G. and Reitsma, J. B. and Ioannidis, J. P. and Macaskill, P. and Steyerberg, E. W. and Vickers, A. J. and Ransohoff, D. F. and Collins, G. S.}, | |
| journal = {Ann Intern Med}, | |
| issn = {1539-3704 (Electronic) 0003-4819 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.7326/m14-0698}, | |
| pmid = {25560730}, | |
| url = {http://annals.org/data/journals/aim/931895/0000605-201501060-00002.pdf}, | |
| abstract = {{The TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) Statement includes a 22-item checklist, which aims to improve the reporting of studies developing, validating, or updating a prediction model, whether for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. The TRIPOD Statement aims to improve the transparency of the reporting of a prediction model study regardless of the study methods used. This explanation and elaboration document describes the rationale; clarifies the meaning of each item; and discusses why transparent reporting is important, with a view to assessing risk of bias and clinical usefulness of the prediction model. Each checklist item of the TRIPOD Statement is explained in detail and accompanied by published examples of good reporting. The document also provides a valuable reference of issues to consider when designing, conducting, and analyzing prediction model studies. To aid the editorial process and help peer reviewers and, ultimately, readers and systematic reviewers of prediction model studies, it is recommended that authors include a completed checklist in their submission. The TRIPOD checklist can also be downloaded from www.tripod-statement.org.}}, | |
| pages = {W1--73}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {162} | |
| } | |
| @article{Adatia_2008_Indian_Journal_of_Medical_Research, | |
| year = {2008}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Pre-operative intravenous fluid therapy with crystalloids or colloids on post-operative nausea \& vomiting}}, | |
| author = {Chaudhary, Sujata and Sethi, A K and Motiani, Poonam and Adatia, Chirag}, | |
| journal = {Indian Journal of Medical Research}, | |
| pages = {577}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {127} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brohi_2009_Scandinavian_Journal_of_Trauma, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Redefining massive transfusion}}, | |
| author = {König, Thomas C and Morris, Timothy and Gaarder, Christine and Maegele, Marc and Goslings, Carel and Allard, Shuba and Cohen, Mitchell and Pittet, Jean and Johansson, Pär and Stanworth, Simon and Brohi, Karim}, | |
| journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1757-7241-17-s1-o1}, | |
| url = {https://www.researchgate.net/}, | |
| pages = {O1 -- 3}, | |
| number = {Suppl 1}, | |
| volume = {17}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kendrick_2009_BMJ, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {framework,qual}, | |
| title = {{Patients' and doctors' views on depression severity questionnaires incentivised in UK quality and outcomes framework: qualitative study.}}, | |
| author = {Dowrick, Christopher and Leydon, Geraldine M and McBride, Anita and Howe, Amanda and Burgess, Hana and Clarke, Pamela and Maisey, Sue and Kendrick, Tony}, | |
| journal = {BMJ}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmj.b663}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE:To gain understanding of general practitioners' and patients' opinions of the routine introduction of standardised measures of severity of depression through the UK general practice quality and outcomes framework. | |
| DESIGN:Semistructured qualitative interview study, with purposive sampling and constant comparative analysis. | |
| PARTICIPANTS:34 general practitioners and 24 patients. | |
| SETTING:38 general practices in three sites in England: Southampton, Liverpool, and Norfolk. | |
| RESULTS:Patients generally favoured the measures of severity for depression, whereas general practitioners were generally cautious about the validity and utility of such measures and sceptical about the motives behind their introduction. Both general practitioners and patients considered that assessments of severity should be seen as one aspect of holistic care. General practitioners considered their practical wisdom and clinical judgment ("phronesis") to be more important than objective assessments and were concerned that the assessments reduced the human element of the consultation. Patients were more positive about the questionnaires, seeing them as an efficient and structured supplement to medical judgment and as evidence that general practitioners were taking their problems seriously through a full assessment. General practitioners and patients were aware of the potential for manipulation of indicators: for economic reasons for doctors and for patients to avoid stigma or achieve desired outcomes. | |
| CONCLUSIONS:Despite general practitioners' caution about measures of severity for depression, these may benefit primary care consultations by increasing patients' confidence that general practitioners are correct in their diagnosis and are making systematic efforts to assess and manage their mental health problems. Further education of primary care staff may optimise the use and interpretation of depression questionnaires.}}, | |
| pages = {b663 -- b663}, | |
| number = {mar19 1}, | |
| volume = {338}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{1pq, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2017\_Bookmatter\_RoboticsVisionAndControl(5).pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Jones_2012_Clin_Med__Lond_, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{NEWSDIG: The National Early Warning Score Development and Implementation Group}}, | |
| author = {Jones, M.}, | |
| journal = {Clin Med (Lond)}, | |
| issn = {1470-2118 (Print) 1470-2118}, | |
| url = {http://www.clinmed.rcpjournal.org/content/12/6/501.full.pdf}, | |
| pages = {501--3}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {12} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brown_2014_Journal_of_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {not-clustering,MODS,Severity,scoring}, | |
| title = {{Glasgow Coma Scale score dominates the association between admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and 30-day mortality in a mixed intensive care unit population}}, | |
| author = {Knox, Daniel B. and Lanspa, Michael J. and Pratt, Cristina M. and Kuttler, Kathryn G. and Jones, Jason P. and Brown, Samuel M.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0883-9441}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.05.009}, | |
| pmid = {25012961}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4140959}, | |
| abstract = {{ Objective The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, a measure of multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, is used to predict mortality in critically ill patients by assigning equally weighted scores across 6 different organ systems. We hypothesized that specific organ systems would have a greater association with mortality than others. Design We retrospectively studied patients admitted over a period of 4.2years to a mixed-profile intensive care unit (ICU). We recorded age and comorbidities, and calculated SOFA organ scores. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. We determined which organ subscores of the SOFA score were most associated with mortality using multiple analytic methods: random forests, conditional inference trees, distanced-based clustering techniques, and logistic regression. Setting A 24-bed mixed-profile adult ICU that cares for medical, surgical, and trauma (level 1) patients at an academic referral center. Patients All patients' first admission to the study ICU during the study period. Measurements and Main Results We identified 9120 first admissions during the study period. Overall 30-day mortality was 12\%. Multiple analytical methods all demonstrated that the best initial prediction variables were age and the central nervous system SOFA subscore, which is determined solely by Glasgow Coma Scale score. Conclusions In a mixed population of critically ill patients, the Glasgow Coma Scale score dominates the association between admission SOFA score and 30-day mortality. Future research into outcomes from multiple-organ dysfunction may benefit from new models for measuring organ dysfunction with special attention to neurologic dysfunction.}}, | |
| pages = {780--785}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {29}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Knox-Glasgow%20Coma%20Scale%20score%20dominates%20the%20association%20between%20admission%20Sequential%20Organ%20Failure%20Assessment%20score%20and%2030-day%20mortality%20in%20a%20mixed%20intensive%20care%20unit%20population-2014-Journal%20of%20Critical%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hassani_Mahmooei_2019_Health_Information_Science_and_Systems, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Multi-objective semi-supervised clustering to identify health service patterns for injured patients}}, | |
| author = {Khorshidi, Hadi Akbarzadeh and Aickelin, Uwe and Haffari, Gholamreza and Hassani-Mahmooei, Behrooz}, | |
| journal = {Health Information Science and Systems}, | |
| issn = {2047-2501}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s13755-019-0080-6}, | |
| pmid = {31523422}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31523422/}, | |
| abstract = {{This study develops a pattern recognition method that identifies patterns based on their similarity and their association with the outcome of interest. The practical purpose of developing this pattern recognition method is to group patients, who are injured in transport accidents, in the early stages post-injury. This grouping is based on distinctive patterns in health service use within the first week post-injury. The groups also provide predictive information towards the total cost of medication process. As a result, the group of patients who have undesirable outcomes are identified as early as possible based health service use patterns. We propose a multi-objective optimization model to group patients. An objective function is the cost function of k-medians clustering to recognize the similar patterns. Another objective function is the cross-validated root-mean-square error to examine the association with the total cost. The best grouping is obtained by minimizing both objective functions. As a result, the multi-objective optimization model is a semi-supervised clustering which learns health service use patterns in both unsupervised and supervised ways. We also introduce an evolutionary computation approach includes stochastic gradient descent and Pareto optimal solutions to find the optimal solution. In addition, we use the decision tree method to reproduce the optimal groups using an interpretable classification model. The results show that the proposed multi-objective semi-supervised clustering identifies distinct groups of health service uses and contributes to predict the total cost. The performance of the multi-objective model has been examined using two metrics such as the average silhouette width and the cross-validation error. The examination proves that the multi-objective model outperforms the single-objective ones. In addition, the interpretable classification model shows that imaging and therapeutic services are critical services in the first-week post-injury to group injured patients. The proposed multi-objective semi-supervised clustering finds the optimal clusters that not only are well-separated from each other but can provide informative insights regarding the outcome of interest. It also overcomes two drawback of clustering methods such as being sensitive to the initial cluster centers and need for specifying the number of clusters.}}, | |
| pages = {18}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {7}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: k-mean,cluster,outcome prediction,Health service utilisation | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong study design}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Khorshidi-Multi-objective%20semi-supervised%20clustering%20to%20identify%20health%20service%20patterns%20for%20injured%20patients-2019-Health%20Information%20Science%20and%20Systems.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Johnstone_2020_Scientific_Reports, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Two latent classes of diagnostic and treatment procedures among traumatic brain injury inpatients}}, | |
| author = {Beydoun, Hind A. and Butt, Catherine and Beydoun, May A. and Eid, Shaker M. and Zonderman, Alan B. and Johnstone, Brick}, | |
| journal = {Scientific Reports}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-67576-4}, | |
| pmid = {32616834}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC7331666}, | |
| abstract = {{To characterize latent classes of diagnostic and/or treatment procedures among hospitalized U.S. adults, 18–64 years, with primary diagnosis of TBI from 2004–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Samples, latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to 10 procedure groups and differences between latent classes on injury, patient, hospital and healthcare utilization outcome characteristics were modeled using multivariable regression. Using 266,586 eligible records, LCA resulted in two classes of hospitalizations, namely, class I (n = 217,988) (mostly non-surgical) and class II (n = 48,598) (mostly surgical). Whereas orthopedic procedures were equally likely among latent classes, skin-related, physical medicine and rehabilitation procedures as well as behavioral health procedures were more likely among class I, and other types of procedures were more likely among class II. Class II patients were more likely to have moderate-to-severe TBI, to be admitted on weekends, to urban, medium-to-large hospitals in Midwestern, Southern or Western regions, and less likely to be > 30 years, female or non-White. Class II patients were also less likely to be discharged home and necessitated longer hospital stays and greater hospitalization charges. Surgery appears to distinguish two classes of hospitalized patients with TBI with divergent healthcare needs, informing the planning of healthcare services in this target population.}}, | |
| pages = {10825}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {10}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Beydoun-Two%20latent%20classes%20of%20diagnostic%20and%20treatment%20procedures%20among%20traumatic%20brain%20injury%20inpatients-2020-Scientific%20Reports_2.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @techreport{2007, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Acutely ill adults in hospital: recognising and responding to deterioration, CG50}} | |
| } | |
| @article{Taylor_2019_International_Statistical_Review, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {joint latent class model.}, | |
| title = {{Review and Comparison of Computational Approaches for Joint Longitudinal and Time‐to‐Event Models}}, | |
| author = {Furgal, Allison K.C. and Sen, Ananda and Taylor, Jeremy M.G.}, | |
| journal = {International Statistical Review}, | |
| issn = {0306-7734}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/insr.12322}, | |
| pmid = {32042217}, | |
| abstract = {{Joint models for longitudinal and time‐to‐event data are useful in situations where an association exists between a longitudinal marker and an event time. These models are typically complicated due to the presence of shared random effects and multiple submodels. As a consequence, software implementation is warranted that is not prohibitively time consuming. While methodological research in this area continues, several statistical software procedures exist to assist in the fitting of some joint models. We review the available implementation for frequentist and Bayesian models in the statistical programming languages R, SAS and Stata. A description of each procedure is given including estimation techniques, input and data requirements, available options for customisation and some available extensions, such as competing risks models. The software implementations are compared and contrasted through extensive simulation, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Data from an ongoing trial on adrenal cancer patients are used to study different nuances of software fitting on a practical example.}}, | |
| pages = {393--418}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {87}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Furgal-Review%20and%20Comparison%20of%20Computational%20Approaches%20for%20Joint%20Longitudinal%20and%20Time‐to‐Event%20Models-2019-International%20Statistical%20Review_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dunn_2021_Journal_of_Neurotrauma, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{Predicting the Individual Treatment Effect of Neurosurgery for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in the Low-Resource Setting: A Machine Learning Approach in Uganda}}, | |
| author = {Adil, Syed M. and Elahi, Cyrus and Gramer, Robert and Spears, Charis A. and Fuller, Anthony T. and Haglund, Michael M. and Dunn, Timothy W.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma}, | |
| issn = {0897-7151}, | |
| doi = {10.1089/neu.2020.7262}, | |
| pmid = {33054545}, | |
| abstract = {{Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In these low-resource settings, effective triage of patients with TBI—including the decision of whether or not to perform neurosurgery—is critical in optimizing patient outcomes and healthcare resource utilization. Machine learning may allow for effective predictions of patient outcomes both with and without surgery. Data from patients with TBI was collected prospectively at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda, from 2016 to 2019. One linear and six non-linear machine learning models were designed to predict good versus poor outcome near hospital discharge and internally validated using nested five-fold cross-validation. The 13 predictors included clinical variables easily acquired on admission and whether or not the patient received surgery. Using an elastic-net regularized logistic regression model (GLMnet), with predictions calibrated using Platt scaling, the probability of poor outcome was calculated for each patient both with and without surgery (with the difference quantifying the “individual treatment effect,” ITE). Relative ITE represents the percent reduction in chance of poor outcome, equaling this ITE divided by the probability of poor outcome with no surgery. Ultimately, 1766 patients were included. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) ranged from 83.1\% (single C5.0 ruleset) to 88.5\% (random forest), with the GLMnet at 87.5\%. The two variables promoting good outcomes in the GLMnet model were high Glasgow Coma Scale score and receiving surgery. For the subgroup not receiving surgery, the median relative ITE was 42.9\% (interquartile range [IQR], 32.7\% to 53.5\%); similarly, in those receiving surgery, it was 43.2\% (IQR, 32.9\% to 54.3\%). We provide the first machine learning-based model to predict TBI outcomes with and without surgery in LMICs, thus enabling more effective surgical decision making in the resource-limited setting. Predicted ITE similarity between surgical and non-surgical groups suggests that, currently, patients are not being chosen optimally for neurosurgical intervention. Our clinical decision aid has the potential to improve outcomes.}}, | |
| pages = {928--939}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {38} | |
| } | |
| @article{2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Frozen Oral Hydration as an Alternative to Conventional Enteral Fluids}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 5}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hietbrink_2017_PLOS_ONE, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{Early decreased neutrophil responsiveness is related to late onset sepsis in multitrauma patients: An international cohort study}}, | |
| author = {Groeneveld, Kathelijne M and Koenderman, Leo and Warren, Brian L and Jol, Saskia and Leenen, Luke P H and Hietbrink, Falco}, | |
| journal = {PLOS ONE}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0180145}, | |
| pmid = {28665985}, | |
| abstract = {{Severe trauma can lead to the development of infectious complications after several days, such as sepsis. Early identification of patients at risk will aid anticipating these complications. The aim of this study was to test the relation between the acute (<24 hours) inflammatory response after injury measured by neutrophil responsiveness and the late (>5 days) development of septic complications and validate this in different trauma populations. Two prospective, observational, cohort series in the Netherlands and South Africa, consisting of severely injured trauma patients. Neutrophil responsiveness by fMLF-induced active FcγRII was measured in whole blood flowcytometry, as read out for the systemic immune response within hours after trauma. Sepsis was scored daily. Ten of the 36 included Dutch patients developed septic shock. In patients with septic shock, neutrophils showed a lower expression of fMLF-induced active FcγRII immediately after trauma when compared to patients without septic shock (P = 0.001). In South Africa 11 of 73 included patients developed septic shock. Again neutrophils showed lower expression of fMLF induced active FcγRII (P = 0.001). In the combined cohort, all patients who developed septic shock demonstrated a decreased neutrophil responsiveness. Low responsiveness of neutrophils for the innate stimulus fMLF immediately after trauma preceded the development of septic shock during admission by almost a week and did not depend on a geographical/racial background, hospital protocols and health care facilities. Decreased neutrophil responsiveness appears to be a prerequisite for septic shock after trauma. This might enable anticipation of this severe complication in trauma patients.}}, | |
| pages = {e0180145}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {12}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Groeneveld-Early%20decreased%20neutrophil%20responsiveness%20is%20related%20to%20late%20onset%20sepsis%20in%20multitrauma%20patients-%20An%20international%20cohort%20study-2017-PLOS%20ONE.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Simmons_2001_Intern_Med_J, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Antecedents to hospital deaths}}, | |
| author = {Hillman, K. M. and Bristow, P. J. and Chey, T. and Daffurn, K. and Jacques, T. and Norman, S. L. and Bishop, G. F. and Simmons, G.}, | |
| journal = {Intern Med J}, | |
| issn = {1444-0903 (Print) 1444-0903}, | |
| url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1046/j.1445-5994.2001.00077.x/asset/j.1445-5994.2001.00077.x.pdf?v=1\&t=j589x9zu\&s=05dc3df42bf6cea493d552a5aff360246dd937d8}, | |
| pages = {343--8}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {31} | |
| } | |
| @misc{DS_2012, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| keywords = {GBTM}, | |
| author = {BL, Jones and DS, Nagin}, | |
| title = {{A Stata plugin for estimating group-based trajectory models}}, | |
| url = {https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/bjones/} | |
| } | |
| @article{Davis_1998_Journal_of_Pediatric_Gastroenterology_and_Nutrition, | |
| year = {1998}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Hypocaloric oral therapy during an episode of diarrhea and vomiting can lead to severe malnutrition}}, | |
| author = {Baker, Susan S and Davis, Anne M}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 5}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {27} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dinov_2018, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Data Science and Predictive Analytics}}, | |
| author = {Dinov, Ivo D}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-72347-1\_2}, | |
| abstract = {{This Chapter introduces the foundations of R programming for visualization, statistical computing and scientific inference. Specifically, in this Chapter we will (1) discuss the rationale for selecting R as a computational platform for all DSPA demonstrations; (2) present the basics of installing shell-based R and RStudio user-interface; (3) show some simple R commands and scripts (e.g., translate long-to-wide data format, data simulation, data stratification and subsetting); (4) introduce variable types and their manipulation; (5) demonstrate simple mathematical functions, statistics, and matrix operators; (6) explore simple data visualization; and (7) introduce optimization and model fitting. The chapter appendix includes references to R introductory and advanced resources, as well as a primer on debugging.}}, | |
| pages = {13--62} | |
| } | |
| @article{J_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Maintaining oral hydration in older people: a systematic review}}, | |
| author = {B, Hodgkinson and D, Evans and J, Wood}, | |
| url = {http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/ShowRecord.asp?LinkFrom=OAI\&ID=12001008249}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 4}, | |
| month = {06} | |
| } | |
| @article{Shepherd_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| keywords = {unread,not-clustering}, | |
| title = {{Contemporary patterns of multiple organ dysfunction in trauma.}}, | |
| author = {Shepherd, Joanna M. and Cole, Elaine and Brohi, Karim}, | |
| journal = {Shock}, | |
| issn = {1073-2322}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/shk.0000000000000779}, | |
| pmid = {27798537}, | |
| abstract = {{ABSTRACTBackground:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is associated with poor outcomes for trauma patients. Different forms of MODS may exist and have different consequences. The ability to distinguish them clinically may have implications for prognosis and treatment. We wished to study whet}}, | |
| pages = {429--435}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {47}, | |
| note = {Female sex associated with PRMODS}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Shepherd-Contemporary%20patterns%20of%20multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20in%20trauma--2017-Shock.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Westhorp_2015_http___www_betterevaluation_orgenapproachrealistevaluation, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Realist Evaluation}}, | |
| author = {Marchal, Bruno and Belle, Sara Van and Westhorp, Gill}, | |
| url = {http://www.betterevaluation.orgenapproachrealistevaluation}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Thomson_2014_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{CREWS: improving specificity whilst maintaining sensitivity of the National Early Warning Score in patients with chronic hypoxaemia}}, | |
| author = {Eccles, S. R. and Subbe, C. and Hancock, D. and Thomson, N.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.08.277}, | |
| pmid = {24056390}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24056390}, | |
| abstract = {{BackgroundThe National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is being introduced across the UK, but there are concerns about its specificity in patients with chronic hypoxaemia, such as some patients with COPD. This could lead to frequent clinically insignificant triggers and alarm fatigue.Aims of studyTo investigate whether patients with chronic hypoxaemia trigger excessively with NEWS, and to design a simple variant of NEWS for patients with chronic hypoxaemia: a Chronic Respiratory Early Warning Score (CREWS).MethodsData was collected from respiratory wards at two hospitals in North Wales. Components of NEWS and frequency of trigger thresholds being reached were recorded. CREWS was applied retrospectively to patients’ observations.Results196 admissions were analysed, including 78 for patients with chronic hypoxaemia. Patients with chronic hypoxaemia frequently exceeded trigger thresholds using NEWS during periods of stability/at discharge. Using CREWS, triggers during stability/at discharge were reduced from 32\% of observations to 14\% using a trigger threshold of a score greater than 6, and from 50\% to 18\% using a score greater than 5. All patients with chronic hypoxaemia who died within 30 days still reached CREWS trigger thresholds, and the area under receiver operated curves for NEWS and CREWS was comparable.ConclusionCREWS is a simple variant of NEWS for patients with chronic hypoxaemia that could reduce clinically insignificant triggers and alarm fatigue, whilst still identifying the sickest patients.}}, | |
| pages = {109--11}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {85} | |
| } | |
| @article{Grobbee_2012_Heart, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Risk prediction models: I. Development, internal validation, and assessing the incremental value of a new (bio)marker}}, | |
| author = {Moons, K. G. and Kengne, A. P. and Woodward, M. and Royston, P. and Vergouwe, Y. and Altman, D. G. and Grobbee, D. E.}, | |
| journal = {Heart}, | |
| issn = {1468-201X (Electronic) 1355-6037 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301246}, | |
| pmid = {22397945}, | |
| url = {https://heart.bmj.com/content/heartjnl/98/9/683.full.pdf}, | |
| abstract = {{Prediction models are increasingly used to complement clinical reasoning and decision making in modern medicine in general, and in the cardiovascular domain in particular. Developed models first and foremost need to provide accurate and (internally and externally) validated estimates of probabilities of specific health conditions or outcomes in targeted patients. The adoption of such models must guide physician's decision making and an individual's behaviour, and consequently improve individual outcomes and the cost-effectiveness of care. In a series of two articles we review the consecutive steps generally advocated for risk prediction model research. This first article focuses on the different aspects of model development studies, from design to reporting, how to estimate a model's predictive performance and the potential optimism in these estimates using internal validation techniques, and how to quantify the added or incremental value of new predictors or biomarkers (of whatever type) to existing predictors. Each step is illustrated with empirical examples from the cardiovascular field.}}, | |
| pages = {683--90}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {98} | |
| } | |
| @article{Becker_2016_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Regulation of blood flow and volume exchange across the microcirculation}}, | |
| author = {Jacob, M and Chappell, D and Becker, B F}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-016-1485-0}, | |
| abstract = {{Oxygen delivery to cells is the basic prerequisite of life. Within the human body, an ingenious oxygen delivery system, comprising steps of convection and diffusion from the upper airways via the lungs and the cardiovascular system to the microvascular area, bridges the gap between oxygen in the outside airspace and the interstitial space around the cells. However, the complexity of this evolutionary development makes us prone to pathophysiological problems. While those problems related to respiration and macrohemodynamics have already been successfully addressed by modern medicine, the pathophysiology of the microcirculation is still often a closed book in daily practice. Nevertheless, here as well, profound physiological understanding is the only key to rational therapeutic decisions. The prime guarantor of tissue oxygenation is tissue blood flow. Therefore, on the premise of intact macrohemodynamics, the microcirculation has three major responsibilities: 1) providing access for oxygenated blood to the tissues and appropriate return of volume; 2) maintaining global tissue flood flow, even in the face of changes in central blood pressure; and 3) linking local blood flow to local metabolic needs. It is an intriguing concept of nature to do this mainly by local regulatory mechanisms, impacting primarily on flow resistance, be this via endothelial or direct smooth muscle actions. The final goal of microvascular blood flow per unit of time is to ensure the needed exchange of substances between tissue and blood compartments. The two principle means of accomplishing this are diffusion and filtration. While simple diffusion is the quantitatively most important form of capillary exchange activity for the respiratory gases, water flux across the blood-brain barrier is facilitated via preformed specialized channels, the aquaporines. Beyond that, the vascular barrier is practically nowhere completely tight for water, with paracellular filtration giving rise to generally low but permanent fluid flux outwards into the interstitial space at the microvascular high pressure segment. At the more leaky venular aspect, both filtration and diffusion allow for bidirectional passage of water, nutrients, and waste products. We are just beginning to appreciate that a major factor for maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis appears to be the integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx.}}, | |
| pages = {319}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {20}, | |
| note = {Jacob, Matthias | |
| Chappell, Daniel | |
| Becker, Bernhard F | |
| eng | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2016/10/22 06:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2016 Oct 21;20(1):319.}, | |
| month = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wurfel_2018_American_Journal_of_Respiratory_and_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury/*genetics/*physiopathology/*therapy,Aged,Biomarkers/*blood,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,*Phenotype,Vasopressins/*therapeutic use,Washington,Kidney,Vasopressins,Acute Kidney Injury}, | |
| title = {{Identification of Acute Kidney Injury Subphenotypes with Differing Molecular Signatures and Responses to Vasopressin Therapy}}, | |
| author = {Bhatraju, Pavan K. and Zelnick, Leila R. and Herting, Jerald and Katz, Ronit and Mikacenic, Carmen and Kosamo, Susanna and Morrell, Eric D. and Robinson-Cohen, Cassianne and Calfee, Carolyn S. and Christie, Jason D. and Liu, Kathleen D. and Matthay, Michael A. and Hahn, William O. and Dmyterko, Victoria and Slivinski, Natalie S. J. and Russell, Jim A. and Walley, Keith R. and Christiani, David C. and Liles, W. Conrad and Himmelfarb, Jonathan and Wurfel, Mark M.}, | |
| journal = {American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1073-449X}, | |
| doi = {10.1164/rccm.201807-1346oc}, | |
| pmid = {30334632}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30334632/}, | |
| abstract = {{Rationale: Currently, no safe and effective pharmacologic interventions exist for acute kidney injury (AKI). One reason may be that heterogeneity exists within the AKI population, thereby hampering the identification of specific pathophysiologic pathways and therapeutic targets. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and test whether AKI subphenotypes have prognostic and therapeutic implications. Methods: First, latent class analysis methodology was applied independently in two critically ill populations (discovery [n = 794] and replication [n = 425]) with AKI. Second, a parsimonious classification model was developed to identify AKI subphenotypes. Third, the classification model was applied to patients with AKI in VASST (Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial; n = 271), and differences in treatment response were determined. In all three populations, AKI was defined using serum creatinine and urine output. Measurements and Main Results: A two-subphenotype latent class analysis model had the best fit in both the discovery (P = 0.004) and replication (P = 0.004) AKI groups. The risk of 7-day renal nonrecovery and 28-day mortality was greater with AKI subphenotype 2 (AKI-SP2) relative to AKI subphenotype 1 (AKI-SP1). The AKI subphenotypes discriminated risk for poor clinical outcomes better than the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stages of AKI. A three-variable model that included markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation accurately determined subphenotype membership (C-statistic 0.92). In VASST, vasopressin compared with norepinephrine was associated with improved 90-day mortality in AKI-SP1 (27\% vs. 46\%, respectively; P = 0.02), but no significant difference was observed in AKI-SP2 (45\% vs. 49\%, respectively; P = 0.99) and the P value for interaction was 0.05. Conclusions: This analysis identified two molecularly distinct AKI subphenotypes with different clinical outcomes and responses to vasopressin therapy. Identification of AKI subphenotypes could improve risk prognostication and may be useful for predictive enrichment in clinical trials.}}, | |
| pages = {863--872}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {199}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Included" | RAYYAN-LABELS: aki,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Guandalini_2001_Journal_of_Pediatric_Gastroenterology_and_Nutrition, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral rehydration: toward a real solution}}, | |
| author = {Guarino, Alfredo and Albano, Fabio and Guandalini, Stefano}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition}, | |
| pages = {S2 -- S12}, | |
| volume = {33} | |
| } | |
| @article{Muller_2010_ePlasty__Open_Access_Journal_of_Plastic_Surgery, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral and enteral resuscitation of burn shock the historical record and implications for mass casualty care}}, | |
| author = {Kramer, George C and Michell, Michael W and Oliveira, Hermes and Brown, Tim La H and Herndon, David and Baker, R David and Muller, Michael}, | |
| journal = {ePlasty: Open Access Journal of Plastic Surgery}, | |
| volume = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Group_2014_Br_J_Anaesthwh, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Choice of fluid in acute illness: what should be given? An international consensus}}, | |
| author = {Raghunathan, K and Murray, P T and Beattie, W S and Lobo, D N and Myburgh, J and Sladen, R and Kellum, J A and Mythen, M G and Shaw, A D and Group, Adqi Xii Investigators}, | |
| journal = {Br J Anaesth}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/bja/aeu301}, | |
| abstract = {{Fluid management during critical illness is a dynamic process that may be conceptualized as occurring in four phases: rescue, optimization, stabilization, and de-escalation (mobilization). The selection and administration of resuscitation fluids is one component of this complex physiological sequence directed at restoring depleted intravascular volume. Presently, the selection of i.v. fluid is usually dictated more by local practice patterns than by evidence. The debate on fluid choice has primarily focused on evaluating outcome differences between 'crystalloids vs colloids'. More recently, however, there is interest in examining outcome differences based on the chloride content of crystalloid solutions. New insights into the conventional Starling model of microvascular fluid exchange may explain that the efficacy of colloids in restoring and maintaining depleted intravascular volume is only moderately better than crystalloids. A number of investigator-initiated, high-quality, randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that modest improvements in short-term physiological endpoints with colloids have not translated into better patient-centred outcomes. In addition, there is substantial evidence that certain types of fluids may independently worsen patient-centred outcomes. These include hydroxyethyl starch and albumin solutions in selected patient populations. There is no evidence to support the use of other colloids. The use of balanced salt solutions in preference to 0.9\% saline is supported by the absence of harm in large observational studies. However, there is no compelling randomized trial-based evidence demonstrating improved clinical outcomes with the use of balanced salt solutions compared with 0.9\% saline at this time.}}, | |
| pages = {772 -- 783}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {113}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {Raghunathan, K | |
| Murray, P T | |
| Beattie, W S | |
| Lobo, D N | |
| Myburgh, J | |
| Sladen, R | |
| Kellum, J A | |
| Mythen, M G | |
| Shaw, A D | |
| ENG | |
| Consensus Development Conference | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2014/10/19 06:00 | |
| Br J Anaesth. 2014 Nov;113(5):772-83. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu301.} | |
| } | |
| @book{1ek, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE}}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dinov_20182xc, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Data Science and Predictive Analytics}}, | |
| author = {Dinov, Ivo D}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-72347-1\_4}, | |
| abstract = {{In this chapter, we use a broad range of simulations and hands-on activities to highlight some of the basic data visualization techniques using R. A brief discussion of alternative visualization methods is followed by demonstrations of histograms, density, pie, jitter, bar, line and scatter plots, as well as strategies for displaying trees, more general graphs, and 3D surface plots. Many of these are also used throughout the textbook in the context of addressing the graphical needs of specific case-studies.}}, | |
| pages = {143--199} | |
| } | |
| @article{Michell_1998_Journal_of_Comparative_Pathology, | |
| year = {1998}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral rehydration for diarrhoea: Symptomatic treatment or fundamental therapy}}, | |
| author = {Michell, A R}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Comparative Pathology}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0021-9975(05)80125-2}, | |
| pages = {175 -- 193}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {118}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Biffl_2004_Shock, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| title = {{TRANSFUSION OF THE INJURED PATIENT: PROCEED WITH CAUTION}}, | |
| author = {Silliman, Christopher C and Moore, Ernest E and Johnson, Jeffrey L and Gonzalez, Ricardo J and Biffl, Walter L}, | |
| journal = {Shock}, | |
| issn = {1073-2322}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00024382-200404000-00001}, | |
| pmid = {15179127}, | |
| abstract = {{ABSTRACT Transfusion of the injured patient with packed red blood cells (PRBCs) is a dynamic process requiring vigilance during the acute resuscitative and recovery phases postinjury. Although adverse events have been reported in 2\% to 10\% of injured patients, the advent of new detection techniques for viral pathogens has markedly decreased the risk of infectious transmission. However, transfusions are strongly associated with immunosuppression in the host, which may occur days after the initial injury and may lead to bacterial infections. Conversely, early transfusion of stored PRBCs, >6 units in the first 12 h postinjury, contributes to an early state of hyperinflammation that is a strong, independent predictor of multiple organ failure (MOF) in those patients with intermediate injury severity scores. The roles of prestorage leukoreduction are also reviewed with respect to the promotion of both immunosuppression and hyperinflammation. We further summarize studies with hemoglobin substitutes, whose use may obviate many of the untoward events of transfusion and promise to lead to better outcomes for injured patients.}}, | |
| pages = {291--299}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {21}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Silliman-TRANSFUSION%20OF%20THE%20INJURED%20PATIENT-%20PROCEED%20WITH%20CAUTION-2004-Shock.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hietbrink_2019_World_Journal_of_Emergency_Surgery, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Neutrophil heterogeneity and its role in infectious complications after severe trauma}}, | |
| author = {Hesselink, Lillian and Spijkerman, Roy and Wessem, Karlijn J P van and Koenderman, Leo and Leenen, Luke P H and Huber-Lang, Markus and Hietbrink, Falco}, | |
| journal = {World Journal of Emergency Surgery}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13017-019-0244-3}, | |
| pmid = {31164913}, | |
| abstract = {{Trauma leads to a complex inflammatory cascade that induces both immune activation and a refractory immune state in parallel. Although both components are deemed necessary for recovery, the balance is tight and easily lost. Losing the balance can lead to life-threatening infectious complications as well as long-term immunosuppression with recurrent infections. Neutrophils are known to play a key role in these processes. Therefore, this review focuses on neutrophil characteristics and function after trauma and how these features can be used to identify trauma patients at risk for infectious complications. Distinct neutrophil subtypes exist that play their own role in the recovery and/or development of infectious complications after trauma. Furthermore, the refractory immune state is related to the risk of infectious complications. These findings change the initial concepts of the immune response after trauma and give rise to new biomarkers for monitoring and predicting inflammatory complications in severely injured patients. For early recognition of patients at risk, the immune system should be monitored. Several neutrophil biomarkers show promising results and analysis of these markers has become accessible to such extent that they can be used for point-of-care decision making after trauma.}}, | |
| pages = {24}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {14}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Hesselink-Neutrophil%20heterogeneity%20and%20its%20role%20in%20infectious%20complications%20after%20severe%20trauma-2019-World%20Journal%20of%20Emergency%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lederer_2017_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{Phenotyping the Immune Response to Trauma}}, | |
| author = {Seshadri, Anupamaa and Brat, Gabriel A. and Yorkgitis, Brian K. and Keegan, Joshua and Dolan, James and Salim, Ali and Askari, Reza and Lederer, James A.}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0090-3493}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ccm.0000000000002577}, | |
| pmid = {28671900}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: Trauma induces a complex immune response that requires a systems biology research approach. Here, we used a novel technology, mass cytometry by time-of-flight, to comprehensively characterize the multicellular response to trauma. Design: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples were stained with a 38-marker immunophenotyping cytometry by time-of-flight panel. Separately, matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae or CD3/CD28 antibodies and stained with a 38-marker cytokine panel. Monocytes were studied for phagocytosis and oxidative burst. Setting: Single-institution level 1 trauma center. Patients or Subjects: Trauma patients with injury severity scores greater than 20 (n = 10) at days 1, 3, and 5 after injury, and age- and gender-matched controls. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Trauma-induced expansion of Th17-type CD4+ T cells was seen with increased expression of interleukin-17 and interleukin-22 by day 5 after injury. Natural killer cells showed reduced T-bet expression at day 1 with an associated decrease in tumor necrosis factor-β, interferon-γ, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Monocytes showed robust expansion following trauma but displayed decreased stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production and significantly reduced human leukocyte antigen - antigen D related expression. Further analysis of trauma-induced monocytes indicated that phagocytosis was no different from controls. However, monocyte oxidative burst after stimulation increased significantly after injury. Conclusions: Using cytometry by time-of-flight, we were able to identify several major time-dependent phenotypic changes in blood immune cell subsets that occur following trauma, including induction of Th17-type CD4+ T cells, reduced T-bet expression by natural killer cells, and expansion of blood monocytes with less proinflammatory cytokine response to bacterial stimulation and less human leukocyte antigen - antigen D related. We hypothesized that monocyte function might be suppressed after injury. However, monocyte phagocytosis was normal and oxidative burst was augmented, suggesting that their innate antimicrobial functions were preserved. Future studies will better characterize the cell subsets identified as being significantly altered by trauma using cytometry by time-of-flight, RNAseq technology, and functional studies.}}, | |
| pages = {1523--1530}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {45}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Seshadri-Phenotyping%20the%20Immune%20Response%20to%20Trauma-2017-Critical%20Care%20Medicine_2.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vignon_2004_Intensive_Care_Med, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Evaluation of fluid responsiveness in ventilated septic patients: back to venous return}}, | |
| author = {Vignon, P}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-004-2362-x}, | |
| pages = {1699 -- 1701}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {30}, | |
| note = {Vignon, Philippe | |
| eng | |
| Comment | |
| Editorial | |
| 2004/06/29 05:00 | |
| Intensive Care Med. 2004 Sep;30(9):1699-701. Epub 2004 Jun 25.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Peek_2018_Studies_in_health_technology_and_informatics, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Patient Stratification Using Longitudinal Data - Application of Latent Class Mixed Models.}}, | |
| author = {Geifman, Nophar and Lennon, Hannah and Peek, Niels}, | |
| journal = {Studies in health technology and informatics}, | |
| doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-852-5-176}, | |
| abstract = {{Analysis of longitudinal data in medical research is becoming increasingly important, in particular for the identification of patient subgroups, as the focus of medical research is shifting toward personalised medicine. Here we present the use of a statistical learning approach for the identification of subgroups of hypertension patients demonstrating different patterns of response to treatment. This method, applied to large-scale patient-level data, has identified three such groups found to be associated with different clinical characteristics. We further consider the utility of this method in medical research by comparison to the application in two additional studies.}}, | |
| pages = {176 -- 180}, | |
| volume = {247}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Geifman-Patient%20Stratification%20Using%20Longitudinal%20Data%20-%20Application%20of%20Latent%20Class%20Mixed%20Models--2018-Studies%20in%20health%20technology%20and%20informatics.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vincent_2016_Intensive_Care_Med, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Early goal-directed therapy: do we have a definitive answer?}}, | |
| author = {Backer, D De and Vincent, J L}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-016-4295-6}, | |
| pages = {1048 -- 1050}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {42}, | |
| note = {De Backer, Daniel | |
| Vincent, Jean-Louis | |
| ENG | |
| Editorial | |
| 2016/03/10 06:00 | |
| Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jun;42(6):1048-50. doi: 10.1007/s00134-016-4295-6. Epub 2016 Mar 7.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gaski_2018_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Shock volume}}, | |
| author = {McKinley, Todd O. and McCarroll, Tyler and Metzger, Cameron and Zarzaur, Ben L. and Savage, Stephanie A. and Bell, Teresa M. and Gaski, Greg E.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000001871}, | |
| pmid = {29521799}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6058962}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND Multiply injured patients are at risk of developing hemorrhagic shock and organ dysfunction. We determined how cumulative hypoperfusion predicted organ dysfunction by integrating serial Shock Index measurements. METHODS In this study, we calculated shock volume (SHVL) which is a patient-specific index that quantifies cumulative hypoperfusion by integrating abnormally elevated Shock Index (heart rate\/systolic blood pressure ≥ 0.9) values acutely after injury. Shock volume was calculated at three hours (3 hr), six hours (6 hr), and twenty-four hours (24 hr) after injury. Organ dysfunction was quantified using Marshall Organ Dysfunction Scores averaged from days 2 through 5 after injury (aMODSD2-D5). Logistic regression was used to determine correspondence of 3hrSHVL, 6hrSHVL, and 24hrSHVL to organ dysfunction. We compared correspondence of SHVL to organ dysfunction with traditional indices of shock including the initial base deficit (BD) and the lowest pH measurement made in the first 24 hr after injury (minimum pH). RESULTS SHVL at all three time intervals demonstrated higher correspondence to organ dysfunction (R2 = 0.48 to 0.52) compared to initial BD (R2 = 0.32) and minimum pH (R2 = 0.32). Additionally, we compared predictive capabilities of SHVL, initial BD and minimum pH to identify patients at risk of developing high-magnitude organ dysfunction by constructing receiver operator characteristic curves. SHVL at six hours and 24 hours had higher area under the curve compared to initial BD and minimum pH. CONCLUSION SHVL is a non-invasive metric that can predict anticipated organ dysfunction and identify patients at risk for high-magnitude organ dysfunction after injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {S84--S91}, | |
| number = {1S}, | |
| volume = {85}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/McKinley-Shock%20volume-2018-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Calvache_2017_Journal_of_Neurosciences_in_Rural_Practice, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{External validation of the rotterdam computed tomography score in the prediction of mortality in severe traumatic brain injury}}, | |
| author = {Charry, Jose and Falla, Jesus and Ochoa, Juan and Pinzón, Miguel and Tejada, Jorman and Henriquez, Maria and Solano, Juan and Calvache, Camilo}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice}, | |
| issn = {0976-3147}, | |
| doi = {10.4103/jnrp.jnrp\_434\_16}, | |
| pmid = {28936067}, | |
| abstract = {{Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health problem. It is a pathology that causes significant mortality and disability in Colombia. Different calculators and prognostic models have been developed to predict the neurological outcomes of these patients. The Rotterdam computed tomography (CT) score was developed for prognostic purposes in TBI. We aimed to examine the accuracy of the prognostic discrimination and prediction of mortality of the Rotterdam CT score in a cohort of trauma patients with severe TBI in a university hospital in Colombia. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 127 patients with severe TBI treated in a regional trauma center in Colombia over a 2-year period. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used. The discriminatory power of the score, its accuracy, and precision were assessed by logistic regression and as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Shapiro–Wilk, Chi-square, and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the real outcomes in the cohort against the predicted outcomes. Results: The median age of the patient cohort was 33 years, and 84.25\% were male. The median injury severity score was 25, the median Glasgow Coma Scale motor score was 3, the basal cisterns were closed in 46.46\% of the patients, and a midline shift of >5 mm was seen in 50.39\%. The 6-month mortality was 29.13\%, and the Rotterdam CT score predicted a mortality of 26\% ( P < 0.0001) (area under the curve: 0.825; 95\% confidence interval: 0.745–0.903). Conclusions: The Rotterdam CT score predicted mortality at 6 months in patients with severe head trauma in a university hospital in Colombia. The Rotterdam CT score is useful for predicting early death and the prognosis of patients with TBI.}}, | |
| pages = {S023--S026}, | |
| number = {S 01}, | |
| volume = {08} | |
| } | |
| @article{J_2019_Journal_of_the_American_Geriatrics_Society, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {*Activities of Daily Living,Aged,Baltimore,*Exercise,Female,Hip Fractures/*rehabilitation,Humans,Independent Living,Male,Prospective Studies,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic,*Resilience,Psychological,Self Report,Surveys and Questionnaires,Hip Fractures}, | |
| title = {{Resiliency Groups Following Hip Fracture in Older Adults.}}, | |
| author = {C, Colón-Emeric and HE, Whitson and CF, Pieper and R, Sloane and D, Orwig and KM, Huffman and JP, Bettger and D, Parker and DM, Crabtree and A, Gruber-Baldini and J, Magaziner}, | |
| journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, | |
| issn = {1532-5415}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31469411/}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVES: Defining common patterns of recovery after an acute health stressor (resiliency groups) has both clinical and research implications. We sought to identify groups of patients with similar recovery patterns across 10 outcomes following hip fracture (stressor) and to determine the most important predictors of resiliency group membership. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective cohort studies. SETTING: Participants were recruited from various hospitals in the Baltimore Hip Studies network and followed for up to 1 year in their residence (home or facility). PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older with recent surgical repair of a hip fracture (n = 541). MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported physical function and activity measures using validated scales were collected at baseline (within 15-22 d of fracture), 2, 6, and 12 months. Physical performance tests were administered at all follow-up visits. Stressor characteristics, comorbidities, and psychosocial and environmental factors were collected at baseline via participant report and chart abstraction. Latent class profile analysis was used to identify resiliency groups based on recovery trajectories across 10 outcome measures and logistic regression models to identify factors associated with those groups. RESULTS: Latent profile analysis identified three resiliency groups that had similar patterns across the 10 outcome measures and were defined as "high resilience" (n = 163 [30.1\%]), "medium resilience" (n = 242 [44.7\%]), and "low resilience" (n = 136 [25.2\%]). Recovery trajectories for the outcome measures are presented for each resiliency group. Comparing highest with the medium- and low-resilience groups, self-reported pre-fracture function was by far the strongest predictor of high-resilience group membership with area under the curve (AUC) of .84. Demographic factors, comorbidities, stressor characteristics, environmental factors, and psychosocial characteristics were less predictive, but several factors remained significant in a multivariable model (AUC = .88). CONCLUSION: These three resiliency groups following hip fracture may be useful for understanding mediators of physical resilience. They may provide a more detailed description of recovery patterns in multiple outcomes for use in clinical decision making. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2519-2527, 2019.}}, | |
| pages = {2519--2527}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {67}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: hip frature,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gabriel_2014_British_Journal_of_Nursing, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Subcutaneous fluid administration and the hydration of older people}}, | |
| author = {Gabriel, Janice}, | |
| journal = {British Journal of Nursing}, | |
| number = {14}, | |
| volume = {23} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ameh_2006_World_Journal_of_Emergency_Surgery, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| title = {{History and development of trauma registry: lessons from developed to developing countries}}, | |
| author = {Nwomeh, Benedict C and Lowell, Wendi and Kable, Renae and Haley, Kathy and Ameh, Emmanuel A}, | |
| journal = {World Journal of Emergency Surgery}, | |
| issn = {1749-7922}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1749-7922-1-32}, | |
| pmid = {17076896}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC1635421}, | |
| abstract = {{A trauma registry is an integral component of modern comprehensive trauma care systems. Trauma registries have not been established in most developing countries, and where they exist are often rudimentary and incomplete. This review describes the role of trauma registries in the care of the injured, and discusses how lessons from developed countries can be applied toward their design and implementation in developing countries. A detailed review of English-language articles on trauma registry was performed using MEDLINE and CINAHL. In addition, relevant articles from non-indexed journals were identified with Google Scholar. The history and development of trauma registries and their role in modern trauma care are discussed. Drawing from past and current experience, guidelines for the design and implementation of trauma registries are given, with emphasis on technical and logistic factors peculiar to developing countries. Improvement in trauma care depends on the establishment of functioning trauma care systems, of which a trauma registry is a crucial component. Hospitals and governments in developing countries should be encouraged to establish trauma registries using proven cost-effective strategies.}}, | |
| pages = {32}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {1}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Nwomeh-History%20and%20development%20of%20trauma%20registry-%20lessons%20from%20developed%20to%20developing%20countries-2006-World%20Journal%20of%20Emergency%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Geeraedts_2019_Scandinavian_Journal_of_Trauma, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Is there an association between female gender and outcome in severe trauma? A multi-center analysis in the Netherlands}}, | |
| author = {Pape, M and Giannakópoulos, G F and Zuidema, W P and Lange-Klerk, E S M de and Toor, E J and Edwards, M J R and Verhofstad, M H J and Tromp, T N and Lieshout, E M M van and Bloemers, F W and Geeraedts, L M G}, | |
| journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13049-019-0589-3}, | |
| pmid = {30760289}, | |
| abstract = {{Little evidence suggest that female gender is associated with a lower risk of mortality in severely injured patients, especially in premenopausal women. Previous clinical studies have shown contradictory results regarding protective effects of gender on outcome after severe trauma. The objective of this study was to determine the association between gender and outcome (mortality and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission) among severely injured patients in the Netherlands. A retrospective multicentre study was performed including all polytrauma patients (Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16) admitted to the ED of three level 1 trauma centres, between January 1st, 2006 and December 31st, 2014. Data on age, gender, mechanism of injury, ISS, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), prehospital intubation, Revised Trauma Score (RTS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) upon admission at the Emergency Department was collected from three Regional Trauma Registries. To determine whether gender was an independent predictor of mortality and ICU admission, logistic regression analysis was performed. Among 6865 trauma patients, male patients had a significantly higher ISS compared to female patients (26.3 ± 10.2 vs 25.3 ± 9.7, P = < 0.0001). Blunt trauma was significantly more common in the female group (95.2\% vs 92.3\%, P = < 0.0001). Males aged 16- to 44-years had a significant higher in-hospital mortality rate (10.4\% vs 13.4\%, P = 0.046). ICU admission rate was significantly lower in females (49.3\% vs 54.5\%, P = < 0.0001). In the overall group, logistic regression did not show gender as an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality (OR 1.020 (95\% CI 0.865–1.204), P = 0.811) or mortality within 24 h (OR 1.049 (95\% CI 0.829–1.327), P = 0.693). However, male gender was associated with an increased likelihood for ICU admission in the overall group (OR 1.205 (95\% CI 1.046–1.388), P = 0.010). The current study shows that in this population of severely injured patients, female sex is associated with a lower in-hospital mortality rate among those aged 16- to 44-years. Furthermore, female sex is independently associated with an overall decreased likelihood for ICU admission. More research is needed to examine the physiologic background of this protective effect of female sex in severe trauma.}}, | |
| pages = {16}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {27}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Pape-Is%20there%20an%20association%20between%20female%20gender%20and%20outcome%20in%20severe%20trauma-%20A%20multi-center%20analysis%20in%20the%20Netherlands-2019-Scandinavian%20Journal%20of%20Trauma,%20Resuscitation%20and%20Emergency%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rivers_2016_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Early goal-directed therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock: insights and comparisons to ProCESS, ProMISe, and ARISE}}, | |
| author = {Nguyen, H B and Jaehne, A K and Jayaprakash, N and Semler, M W and Hegab, S and Yataco, A C and Tatem, G and Salem, D and Moore, S and Boka, K and Gill, J K and Gardner-Gray, J and Pflaum, J and Domecq, J P and Hurst, G and Belsky, J B and Fowkes, R and Elkin, R B and Simpson, S Q and Falk, J L and Singer, D J and Rivers, E P}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-016-1288-3}, | |
| abstract = {{Prior to 2001 there was no standard for early management of severe sepsis and septic shock in the emergency department. In the presence of standard or usual care, the prevailing mortality was over 40-50 \%. In response, a systems-based approach, similar to that in acute myocardial infarction, stroke and trauma, called early goal-directed therapy was compared to standard care and this clinical trial resulted in a significant mortality reduction. Since the publication of that trial, similar outcome benefits have been reported in over 70 observational and randomized controlled studies comprising over 70,000 patients. As a result, early goal-directed therapy was largely incorporated into the first 6 hours of sepsis management (resuscitation bundle) adopted by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign and disseminated internationally as the standard of care for early sepsis management. Recently a trio of trials (ProCESS, ARISE, and ProMISe), while reporting an all-time low sepsis mortality, question the continued need for all of the elements of early goal-directed therapy or the need for protocolized care for patients with severe and septic shock. A review of the early hemodynamic pathogenesis, historical development, and definition of early goal-directed therapy, comparing trial conduction methodology and the changing landscape of sepsis mortality, are essential for an appropriate interpretation of these trials and their conclusions.}}, | |
| pages = {160}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {20}, | |
| note = {Nguyen, H Bryant | |
| Jaehne, Anja Kathrin | |
| Jayaprakash, Namita | |
| Semler, Matthew W | |
| Hegab, Sara | |
| Yataco, Angel Coz | |
| Tatem, Geneva | |
| Salem, Dhafer | |
| Moore, Steven | |
| Boka, Kamran | |
| Gill, Jasreen Kaur | |
| Gardner-Gray, Jayna | |
| Pflaum, Jacqueline | |
| Domecq, Juan Pablo | |
| Hurst, Gina | |
| Belsky, Justin B | |
| Fowkes, Raymond | |
| Elkin, Ronald B | |
| Simpson, Steven Q | |
| Falk, Jay L | |
| Singer, Daniel J | |
| Rivers, Emanuel P | |
| ENG | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2016/07/02 06:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2016 Jul 1;20(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1288-3.}, | |
| month = {07} | |
| } | |
| @article{Flaatten_2007_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| keywords = {outcome,mortality}, | |
| title = {{Multiple organ failure after trauma affects even long-term survival and functional status}}, | |
| author = {Ulvik, Atle and Kvåle, Reidar and Wentzel-Larsen, Tore and Flaatten, Hans}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1364-8535}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/cc6111}, | |
| pmid = {17784940}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC2556737}, | |
| abstract = {{The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of organ failure in trauma patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU), and to study the relationship between organ failure and long-term survival and functional status. This is a cohort study of all adult ICU trauma patients admitted to a university hospital during 1998 to 2003. Organ failure was quantified by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. A telephone interview was conducted in 2005 (2 to 7 years after trauma) using the Karnofsky Index to measure functional status, and the Glasgow Outcome Score to measure recovery. Of the 322 patients included, 47\% had multiple organ failure (MOF), and 28\% had single organ failure. In a Cox regression, MOF increased the overall risk of death 6.0 times. At follow-up, 242 patients (75\%) were still alive. Patients with MOF had 3.9 times greater odds for requiring personal assistance in activities of daily living compared to patients without organ failure. Long-term survival and functional status were the same for patients suffering single organ failure and no organ failure. Complete recovery occurred in 52\% of survivors, and 87\% were able to look after themselves. Almost half of the ICU trauma patients had MOF. While single organ failure had no impact on long-term outcomes, the presence of MOF greatly increased mortality and the risk of impaired functional status. MOF expressed by SOFA score may be used to define trauma patients at particular risk for poor long-term outcomes.}}, | |
| pages = {R95}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Ulvik-Multiple%20organ%20failure%20after%20trauma%20affects%20even%20long-term%20survival%20and%20functional%20status-2007-Critical%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hunt_2019, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Advanced Guide to Python 3 Programming}}, | |
| author = {Hunt, John}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-25943-3}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2019_Book_AdvancedGuideToPython3Programm.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Balkhy_2014, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Prospective study of incidence and predictors of peripheral intravenous catheter-induced complications}}, | |
| author = {Abolfotouh, M A and Salam, M and Bani-Mustafa, A and White, D and Balkhy, H H}, | |
| doi = {10.2147/tcrm.s74685}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Although intravenous therapy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in hospitalized patients, it remains susceptible to infectious and noninfectious complications. Previous studies investigated peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) complications mainly in pediatrics, but apparently none were investigated among Saudi adult populations. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern and complications of PIVCs at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: An observational prospective cohort study investigated PIVCs pattern and complications among adults with PIVCs, admitted to various wards at KAMC. PIVCs-related clinical outcomes (pain, phlebitis, leaking, and others) were recorded in 12-hour intervals, using the Visual Inspection Phlebitis scale. Density incidence (DI) and cumulative incidence (CI) of complications and their relative risks (RRs) were calculated. Regression analyses were applied and significance limits were set at P<0.05. RESULTS: During the study period, 359 adults were included, mounting to 842 PIVCs and 2,505 catheter days. The majority of patients, 276 (76.9\%), had medical, chief admission complaints, whereas 83 (23.1\%) were trauma/surgical and infectious cases. Complicated catheters were found in 141 (39.3\%) patients, with 273 complications (32.4/100 catheters), in 190 complicated catheters (CI =22.56/100 catheters and DI =75.84/1,000 catheter days). Phlebitis ranked first among complications, 148 (CI =17.6\%), followed by pain 64 (CI =7.6\%), leaking 33 (CI =3.9\%), dislodgement 20 (CI =2.4\%), and extravasations and occlusion 4 (CI =0.5\% each). Phlebitis was predicted with female sex (P<0.001), insertion in fore/upper arm (P=0.024), and infusion of medication (P=0.02). Removal time for PIVCs insertion was not a significant predictor of phlebitis (RR =1.46, P=0.08). CONCLUSION: Incidence of complications in this study was significantly higher than rates in previous studies. Better insertion techniques may be sought to lower the incidences of PIVC complications, thus extending their onset beyond day 3. Changing catheters is recommended when clinically indicated rather than routinely post-72 hours.}}, | |
| pages = {993 -- 1001}, | |
| volume = {10}, | |
| note = {Abolfotouh, Mostafa A | |
| Salam, Mahmoud | |
| Bani-Mustafa, Ala'a | |
| White, David | |
| Balkhy, Hanan H | |
| eng | |
| New Zealand | |
| 2014/12/20 06:00 | |
| Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2014 Dec 8;10:993-1001. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S74685. eCollection 2014.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Yokobori_2023_Trauma_Surgery___Acute_Care_Open, | |
| year = {2023}, | |
| title = {{Development and validation of prediction scores for the outcome associated with persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome among patients with trauma}}, | |
| author = {Okada, Kazuhiro and Ohde, Sachiko and Yagi, Takanori and Hara, Yoshiaki and Yokobori, Shoji}, | |
| journal = {Trauma Surgery \& Acute Care Open}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/tsaco-2023-001134}, | |
| pmid = {37484838}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC10357651}, | |
| abstract = {{Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) has impacted on long-term prognosis of patients with trauma. We aimed to identify patients with trauma at risk of PICS-related complications early in the intensive care unit (ICU) course. A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. All consecutive patients with trauma who had stayed in the ICU for >7 days were included in the study. We developed the prediction score for the incidence of PICS-related outcomes in the derivation cohort for the initial period and then evaluated in the validation cohort for the subsequent period. Other outcomes were also assessed using the score. In total, 170 and 133 patients were included in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The prediction score comprised the variables indicating PICS presence, including a maximum value of C-reactive protein >15 mg/dL, minimum value of albumin <2.5 g/dL, and an episode of nosocomial infection for the first 7 days after admission. A score of 1 was assigned to each variable. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the score to predict PICS incidence was 0.74 (95\% CI 0.66 to 0.81) and 0.72 (95\% CI 0.64 to 0.81) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The higher score was also significantly associated with a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at day 14, a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, a longer length of stay in ICU, and experienced multiple episodes of infection. Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Our scoring system could predict the outcomes associated with PICS among patients with trauma. Because the score comprised the parameters measured for the first 7 days during the ICU course, it could contribute to identifying patients at a high risk of unfavorable outcome earlier. Multivariate prediction models; level IV.}}, | |
| pages = {e001134}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {8}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Okada-Development%20and%20validation%20of%20prediction%20scores%20for%20the%20outcome%20associated%20with%20persistent%20inflammation,%20immunosuppression,%20and%20catabolism%20syndrome%20among%20patients%20with%20trauma-2023-Trauma%20Surgery%20&%20Acute%20Care%20Open.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @misc{odi_org, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Armstrong_2005_Nutrition_Reviews, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Hydration Assessment Techniques}}, | |
| author = {Armstrong, Lawrence E}, | |
| journal = {Nutrition Reviews}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00153.x}, | |
| url = {https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/63/suppl\_1/S40/1927763/Hydration-Assessment-Techniques}, | |
| pages = {S40 -- S54}, | |
| volume = {63}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Smith_2013_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Development and validation of a decision tree early warning score based on routine laboratory test results for the discrimination of hospital mortality in emergency medical admissions}}, | |
| author = {Jarvis, S. W. and Kovacs, C. and Badriyah, T. and Briggs, J. and Mohammed, M. A. and Meredith, P. and Schmidt, P. E. and Featherstone, P. I. and Prytherch, D. R. and Smith, G. B.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.05.018}, | |
| pmid = {23732049}, | |
| url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23732049}, | |
| abstract = {{Aim of studyTo build an early warning score (EWS) based exclusively on routinely undertaken laboratory tests that might provide early discrimination of in-hospital death and could be easily implemented on paper.Materials and methodsUsing a database of combined haematology and biochemistry results for 86,472 discharged adult patients for whom the admission specialty was Medicine, we used decision tree (DT) analysis to generate a laboratory decision tree early warning score (LDT-EWS) for each gender. LDT-EWS was developed for a single set (n=3496) (Q1) and validated in 22 other discrete sets each of three months long (Q2, Q3…Q23) (total n=82,976; range of n=3428 to 4093) by testing its ability to discriminate in-hospital death using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.ResultsThe data generated slightly different models for male and female patients. The ranges of AUROC values (95\% CI) for LDT-EWS with in-hospital death as the outcome for the validation sets Q2–Q23 were: 0.755 (0.727–0.783) (Q16) to 0.801 (0.776–0.826) [all patients combined, n=82,976]; 0.744 (0.704–0.784, Q16) to 0.824 (0.792–0.856, Q2) [39,591 males]; and 0.742 (0.707–0.777, Q10) to 0.826 (0.796–0.856, Q12) [43,385 females].ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that the results of commonly measured laboratory tests collected soon after hospital admission can be represented in a simple, paper-based EWS (LDT-EWS) to discriminate in-hospital mortality. We hypothesise that, with appropriate modification, it might be possible to extend the use of LDT-EWS throughout the patient's hospital stay.}}, | |
| pages = {1494--9}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {84} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mentes_2006_AJN_The_American_Journal_of_Nursing, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral Hydration in Older Adults: Greater awareness is needed in preventing, recognizing, and treating dehydration}}, | |
| author = {Mentes, Janet}, | |
| journal = {AJN The American Journal of Nursing}, | |
| pages = {40 -- 49}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {106} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ram_rez_2013_Current_Problems_in_Pediatric_and_Adolescent_Health_Care, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| title = {{Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Ramírez, Michelle}, | |
| journal = {Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care}, | |
| issn = {1538-5442}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.10.003}, | |
| pmid = {24295608}, | |
| abstract = {{Initially known as multiple system organ failure, the term multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was first described in the 1960s in adults with bleeding, respiratory failure, and sepsis. It is defined as “the development of potentially reversible physiologic derangement involving two or more organ systems not involved in the disorder that resulted in ICU admission, and arising in the wake of a potentially life threatening physiologic insult.”3 There are many risk factors predisposing to MODS; however, the most common risk factors are shock due to any cause, sepsis, and tissue hypoperfusion. A dysregulated immune response, or immuneparalysis, in which the homeostasis between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reaction is lost is thought to be key in the development of MODS. The clinical course and evolution of MODS is dependent on a combination of acquired and genetic factors. There are several nonspecific therapies for the prevention and resolution of MODS, mostly care is supportive. Mortality from MODS in septic pediatric patients varies between 11\% and 54\%.}}, | |
| pages = {273--277}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {43} | |
| } | |
| @article{Darzi_2018_PLoS_medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {To Read}, | |
| title = {{Transforming health policy through machine learning.}}, | |
| author = {Ashrafian, Hutan and Darzi, Ara}, | |
| journal = {PLoS medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002692}, | |
| abstract = {{In their Perspective, Ara Darzi and Hutan Ashrafian give us a tour of the future policymaker's machine learning toolkit.}}, | |
| pages = {e1002692}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {15}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Prosperi_2021_International_Journal_of_Molecular_Sciences, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review}}, | |
| author = {Pantalone, Desirè and Bergamini, Carlo and Martellucci, Jacopo and Alemanno, Giovanni and Bruscino, Alessandro and Maltinti, Gherardo and Sheiterle, Maximilian and Viligiardi, Riccardo and Panconesi, Roberto and Guagni, Tommaso and Prosperi, Paolo}, | |
| journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, | |
| doi = {10.3390/ijms22137020}, | |
| pmid = {34209943}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8268351}, | |
| abstract = {{Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a generalized catabolic state and delayed healing. Catabolism causes the upregulation of inflammatory cells and innate immune markers in various organs, which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Burns activate immune cells and cytokine production regulated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Trauma has similar injury-related immune responses, whereby DAMPs are massively released in musculoskeletal injuries and elicit widespread systemic inflammation. Hemorrhagic shock is the main cause of death in trauma. It is hypovolemic, and the consequence of volume loss and the speed of blood loss manifest immediately after injury. In burns, the shock becomes evident within the first 24 h and is hypovolemic-distributive due to the severely compromised regulation of tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery caused by capillary leakage, whereby fluids shift from the intravascular to the interstitial space. In this review, we compare the pathophysiological responses to burns and trauma including their associated clinical patterns.}}, | |
| pages = {7020}, | |
| number = {13}, | |
| volume = {22}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Pantalone-The%20Role%20of%20DAMPS%20in%20Burns%20and%20Hemorrhagic%20Shock%20Immune%20Response-%20Pathophysiology%20and%20Clinical%20Issues.%20Review-2021-International%20Journal%20of%20Molecular%20Sciences_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sprinks_2013_Nurs_Stand, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Swift take-up of standardised early warning system across NHS trusts}}, | |
| author = {Sprinks, J.}, | |
| journal = {Nurs Stand}, | |
| issn = {0029-6570 (Print) 0029-6570}, | |
| doi = {10.7748/ns2013.01.27.21.7.p10293}, | |
| pmid = {23427677}, | |
| pages = {7}, | |
| number = {21}, | |
| volume = {27} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lacasse_2020_Clinical_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Trajectory Modelling Techniques Useful to Epidemiological Research: A Comparative Narrative Review of Approaches}}, | |
| author = {Nguefack, Hermine Lore Nguena and Pagé, M Gabrielle and Katz, Joel and Choinière, Manon and Vanasse, Alain and Dorais, Marc and Samb, Oumar Mallé and Lacasse, Anaïs}, | |
| journal = {Clinical Epidemiology}, | |
| issn = {1179-1349}, | |
| doi = {10.2147/clep.s265287}, | |
| pmid = {33154677}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC7608582}, | |
| abstract = {{Trajectory modelling techniques have been developed to determine subgroups within a given population and are increasingly used to better understand intra- and inter-individual variability in health outcome patterns over time. The objectives of this narrative review are to explore various trajectory modelling approaches useful to epidemiological research and give an overview of their applications and differences. Guidance for reporting on the results of trajectory modelling is also covered. Trajectory modelling techniques reviewed include latent class modelling approaches, ie, growth mixture modelling (GMM), group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM), latent class analysis (LCA), and latent transition analysis (LTA). A parallel is drawn to other individual-centered statistical approaches such as cluster analysis (CA) and sequence analysis (SA). Depending on the research question and type of data, a number of approaches can be used for trajectory modelling of health outcomes measured in longitudinal studies. However, the various terms to designate latent class modelling approaches (GMM, GBTM, LTA, LCA) are used inconsistently and often interchangeably in the available scientific literature. Improved consistency in the terminology and reporting guidelines have the potential to increase researchers’ efficiency when it comes to choosing the most appropriate technique that best suits their research questions.}}, | |
| pages = {1205--1222}, | |
| volume = {12}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Nguefack-Trajectory%20Modelling%20Techniques%20Useful%20to%20Epidemiological%20Research-%20A%20Comparative%20Narrative%20Review%20of%20Approaches-2020-Clinical%20Epidemiology.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Quistberg_2018_American_Journal_of_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{“Complete Streets” and Adult Bicyclist Fatalities: Applying G-Computation to Evaluate an Intervention That Affects the Size of a Population at Risk}}, | |
| author = {Mooney, Stephen J and Magee, Caroline and Dang, Kolena and Leonard, Julie C and Yang, Jingzhen and Rivara, Frederick P and Ebel, Beth E and Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali and Quistberg, D Alex}, | |
| journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/aje/kwy100}, | |
| pages = {2038 -- 2045}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {187}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @misc{ntq, | |
| title = {{LCMM: a R package for the estimation of latent class mixed models for Gaussian, ordinal, curvilinear longitudinal data and/or time-to-event data}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00717553/file/RencontresR\_Proust\_Lima.pdf}, | |
| urldate = {2022-02-14} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kellum_2010_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Bench-to-bedside review: chloride in critical illness}}, | |
| author = {Yunos, Nor'azim Mohd and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Story, David and Kellum, John}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| pages = {1}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {14} | |
| } | |
| @article{MM_2019_American_journal_of_respiratory_and_critical_care_medicine, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury/*genetics/*physiopathology/*therapy,Aged,Biomarkers/*blood,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,*Phenotype,Vasopressins/*therapeutic use,Washington,Kidney,Vasopressins,Acute Kidney Injury}, | |
| title = {{Identification of Acute Kidney Injury Subphenotypes with Differing Molecular Signatures and Responses to Vasopressin Therapy.}}, | |
| author = {PK, Bhatraju and LR, Zelnick and J, Herting and R, Katz and C, Mikacenic and S, Kosamo and ED, Morrell and C, Robinson-Cohen and CS, Calfee and JD, Christie and KD, Liu and MA, Matthay and WO, Hahn and V, Dmyterko and NSJ, Slivinski and JA, Russell and KR, Walley and DC, Christiani and WC, Liles and J, Himmelfarb and MM, Wurfel}, | |
| journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine}, | |
| issn = {1535-4970}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30334632/}, | |
| abstract = {{RATIONALE: Currently, no safe and effective pharmacologic interventions exist for acute kidney injury (AKI). One reason may be that heterogeneity exists within the AKI population, thereby hampering the identification of specific pathophysiologic pathways and therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify and test whether AKI subphenotypes have prognostic and therapeutic implications. METHODS: First, latent class analysis methodology was applied independently in two critically ill populations (discovery [n = 794] and replication [n = 425]) with AKI. Second, a parsimonious classification model was developed to identify AKI subphenotypes. Third, the classification model was applied to patients with AKI in VASST (Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial; n = 271), and differences in treatment response were determined. In all three populations, AKI was defined using serum creatinine and urine output. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A two-subphenotype latent class analysis model had the best fit in both the discovery (P = 0.004) and replication (P = 0.004) AKI groups. The risk of 7-day renal nonrecovery and 28-day mortality was greater with AKI subphenotype 2 (AKI-SP2) relative to AKI subphenotype 1 (AKI-SP1). The AKI subphenotypes discriminated risk for poor clinical outcomes better than the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stages of AKI. A three-variable model that included markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation accurately determined subphenotype membership (C-statistic 0.92). In VASST, vasopressin compared with norepinephrine was associated with improved 90-day mortality in AKI-SP1 (27\% vs. 46\%, respectively; P = 0.02), but no significant difference was observed in AKI-SP2 (45\% vs. 49\%, respectively; P = 0.99) and the P value for interaction was 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis identified two molecularly distinct AKI subphenotypes with different clinical outcomes and responses to vasopressin therapy. Identification of AKI subphenotypes could improve risk prognostication and may be useful for predictive enrichment in clinical trials.}}, | |
| pages = {863--872}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {199}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Included" | RAYYAN-LABELS: aki,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Taylor_2015_Journal_of_Occupational_and_Environmental_Hygiene, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Working in Hot Conditions—A Study of Electrical Utility Workers in the Northern Territory of Australia}}, | |
| author = {Brearley, Matt and Harrington, Phillip and Lee, Doug and Taylor, Raymond}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene}, | |
| doi = {10.1080/15459624.2014.957831}, | |
| url = {http://oeh.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15459624.2014.957831}, | |
| pages = {156 -- 162}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {12}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kasim_2012, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Terminating Sequential Delphi Survey Data Collection - Practical Assessment, Research \& Evaluation}}, | |
| author = {Kalaian and Kasim, Sema Rafa M}, | |
| abstract = {{The Delphi survey technique is an iterative mail or electronic (e-mail or web-based) survey method used to obtain agreement or consensus among a group of experts in a specific field on a particular issue through a well-designed and systematic multiple sequential rounds of survey administrations. Each of the multiple rounds of the Delphi survey administration is augmented with continuous summary feedback of aggregated responses from the same group of experts. Statistical methods to analyze data from the Delphi surveys to make decisions for terminating subsequent Delphi data collection are needed to ensure that (a) stability of the responses of the panel of experts is reached; and (b) termination of the rounds of the Delphi survey administration is based on sound statistical results. The present study presents an overview of the parametric and nonparametric statistical methods that can be used to analyze the structured Delphi survey data to make decisions about terminating the sequential Delphi survey data collection.}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 10}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vieillard_Baron_2003_Intensive_Care_Med, | |
| year = {2003}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Right ventricular function and positive pressure ventilation in clinical practice: from hemodynamic subsets to respirator settings}}, | |
| author = {Jardin, F and Vieillard-Baron, A}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-003-1873-1}, | |
| pages = {1426 -- 1434}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {29}, | |
| note = {Jardin, Francois | |
| Vieillard-Baron, Antoine | |
| eng | |
| Review | |
| 2003/08/12 05:00 | |
| Intensive Care Med. 2003 Sep;29(9):1426-34. Epub 2003 Aug 9.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Marshall_2005, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| title = {{Modeling MODS: what can be learned from animal models of the multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome?}}, | |
| author = {Marshall, John C.}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0342-4642}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-005-2595-3}, | |
| pmid = {15782317}, | |
| abstract = {{null}}, | |
| pages = {605--608}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {31}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Marshall-Modeling%20MODS-%20what%20can%20be%20learned%20from%20animal%20models%20of%20the%20multiple-organ%20dysfunction%20syndrome--2005-Intensive%20Care%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Paul_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| author = {Paul}, | |
| title = {{A single centre experience in managing anaphylaxis in the emergency department}}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @techreport{CQC_2017_cqc_org_uk, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| author = {CQC}, | |
| title = {{Emergency department survey 2016 | Care Quality Commission}}, | |
| url = {http://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/surveys/emergency-department-survey-2016}, | |
| abstract = {{The published survey findings at England and trust level focus on the experiences of people who attended a Type 1 department (a major 24-hour department that is consultant-led). However, for the first time, in 2016 we also surveyed patients who had used a Type 3 department (typically a minor injuries unit or urgent care centre) run directly by an acute NHS trust. A summary of the results for Type 3 departments may be found in the statistical release. No trust level results are available for type 3 Departments.}}, | |
| month = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Zandstra_2002_The_Lancet, | |
| year = {2002}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Nitroglycerin in septic shock after intravascular volume resuscitation}}, | |
| author = {Spronk, Peter E and Ince, Can and Gardien, Martin J and Mathura, Keshen R and Straaten, Heleen M Oudemans-van and Zandstra, Durk F}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11393-6}, | |
| pages = {1395 -- 1396}, | |
| number = {9343}, | |
| volume = {360} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kollef_2015_CHEST_Journal, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Targeted fluid minimization following initial resuscitation in septic shock: a pilot study}}, | |
| author = {Chen, Catherine and Kollef, Marin H}, | |
| journal = {CHEST Journal}, | |
| pages = {1462 -- 1469}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {148} | |
| } | |
| @article{Trentz_2012_European_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Emergency_Surgery, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| title = {{Predictive ability of the ISS, NISS, and APACHE II score for SIRS and sepsis in polytrauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Mica, L. and Furrer, E. and Keel, M. and Trentz, O.}, | |
| journal = {European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery}, | |
| issn = {1863-9933}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00068-012-0227-5}, | |
| pmid = {26814554}, | |
| abstract = {{Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis as causes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) remain challenging to treat in polytrauma patients. In this study, the focus was set on widely used scoring systems to assess their diagnostic quality. A total of 512 patients (mean age: 39.2 ± 16.2, range: 16–88 years) who had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥17 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were subdivided into four groups: no SIRS, slight SIRS, severe SIRS, and sepsis. The ISS, New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, and prothrombin time were collected at admission. The Kruskal–Wallis test and χ2-test, multinomial regression analysis, and kernel density estimates were performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is reported as the area under the curve (AUC). Data were considered as significant if p < 0.05. All variables were significantly different in all groups (p < 0.001). The odds ratio increased with increasing SIRS severity for NISS (slight vs. no SIRS, 1.06, p = 0.07; severe vs. no SIRS, 1.07, p = 0.04; and sepsis vs. no SIRS, 1.11, p = 0.0028) and APACHE II score (slight vs. no SIRS, 0.97, p = 0.44; severe vs. no SIRS, 1.08, p = 0.02; and sepsis vs. no SIRS, 1.12, p = 0.0028). ROC analysis revealed that the NISS (slight vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.61; severe vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.67; and sepsis vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.77) and APACHE II score (slight vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.60; severe vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.74; and sepsis vs. no SIRS, AUC 0.82) had the best predictive ability for SIRS and sepsis. Quick assessment with the NISS or APACHE II score could preselect possible candidates for sepsis following polytrauma and provide guidance in trauma surgeons’ decision-making.}}, | |
| pages = {665--671}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {38}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Mica-Predictive%20ability%20of%20the%20ISS,%20NISS,%20and%20APACHE%20II%20score%20for%20SIRS%20and%20sepsis%20in%20polytrauma%20patients-2012-European%20Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Emergency%20Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{p4, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Garg_2021_Heart_Rhythm, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {unavailable}, | |
| title = {{Use of Machine Learning to Classify High Risk Variants of Uncertain Significance in Lamin A/C Cardiac Disease}}, | |
| author = {Bennett, Jeffrey S. and Gordon, David M. and Majumdar, Uddalak and Lawrence, Patrick J. and Nieves, Adrianna Matos and Myers, Katherine and Kamp, Anna N. and Leonard, Julie C. and McBride, Kim L. and White, Peter and Garg, Vidu}, | |
| journal = {Heart Rhythm}, | |
| issn = {1547-5271}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.12.019}, | |
| pmid = {34958940}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Variation in Lamin A/C results in a spectrum of clinical disease, including arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. Benign variation is rare, and classification of LMNA missense variants via in silico prediction tools results in a high rate of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Objective Use a machine learning (ML) approach for in silico prediction of LMNA pathogenic variation. Methods Genetic sequencing was performed on family members with conduction system disease and patient cell lines examined for LMNA expression. In silico predictions of conservation and pathogenicity of published LMNA variants were visualized with Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). K-means clustering was used to identify variant groups with similarly projected scores, allowing the generation of statistically supported risk categories. Results We discovered a novel LMNA variant (c.408C>A:p.Asp136Glu) segregating with conduction system disease in a multi-generation pedigree, which was reported as a VUS by a commercial testing company. Additional familial analysis and in vitro testing found it to be pathogenic, which prompted the development of a ML algorithm that used in silico predictions of pathogenicity for known LMNA missense variants. This identified three clusters of variation, each with a significantly different incidence of known pathogenic variants (38.8\%, 15.0\%, and 6.1\%). 339/415 (81.7\%) head/rod domain variants, including p.Asp136Glu, were in clusters with highest proportions of pathogenic variants. Conclusion An unsupervised ML method successfully identified clusters enriched for pathogenic LMNA variants including a novel variant associated with conduction system disease. Our ML method may assist in identifying high risk VUS when familial testing is unavailable.}} | |
| } | |
| @techreport{Committee_2018, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| author = {Committee, London Assembly Transport}, | |
| title = {{London's cycling Infrastructure - March 2018}}, | |
| url = {https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/londons\_cycling\_infrastructure\_0.pdf}, | |
| month = {3} | |
| } | |
| @article{Horwitz_1996_JAMA, | |
| year = {1996}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{The effect of acute renal failure on mortality. A cohort analysis}}, | |
| author = {Levy, E. M. and Viscoli, C. M. and Horwitz, R. I.}, | |
| journal = {JAMA}, | |
| issn = {0098-7484 (Print) 0098-7484}, | |
| url = {http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402423}, | |
| pages = {1489--94}, | |
| number = {19}, | |
| volume = {275} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pons_1995_The_Journal_of_Trauma, | |
| year = {1995}, | |
| title = {{Epidemiology of Trauma Deaths}}, | |
| author = {Sauaia, Angela and Moore, Frederick A. and Moore, Ernest E. and Moser, Kathe S. and Brennan, Regina and Read, Robert A. and Pons, Peter T.}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1079-6061}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005373-199502000-00006}, | |
| pmid = {7869433}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective Recognizing the impact of the 1977 San Francisco study of trauma deaths in trauma care, our purpose was to reassess those findings in a contemporary trauma system. Design Cross-sectional. Material and Methods All trauma deaths occurring in Denver City and County during 1992 were reviewed; data were obtained by cross-referencing four databases: paramedic trip reports, trauma registries, coroner autopsy reports and police reports. Measurements and Main Results There were 289 postinjury fatalities; mean age was 36.8 +/- 1.2 years and mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 35.7 +/- 1.2. Predominant injury mechanisms were gunshot wounds in 121 (42\%), motorvehicle accidents in 75 (38\%) and falls in 23 (8\%) cases. Seven (2\%) individuals sustained lethal burns. Ninety eight (34\%) deaths occurred in the pre-hospital setting. The remaining 191 (66\%) patients were transported to the hospital. Of these, 154 (81\%) died in the first 48 hours (acute), 11 (6\%) within three to seven days (early) and 26 (14\%) after seven days (late). Central nervous system injuries were the most frequent cause of death (42\%), followed by exsanguination (39\%) and organ failure (7\%). While acute and early deaths were mostly due to the first two causes, organ failure was the most common cause of late death (61\%). Conclusions In comparison with the previous report, we observed similar injury mechanisms, demographics and causes of death. However, in our experience, there was an improved access to the medical system, greater proportion of late deaths due to brain injury and lack of the classic trimodal distribution.}}, | |
| pages = {185--193.}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {38}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Sauaia-Epidemiology%20of%20Trauma%20Deaths-1995-The%20Journal%20of%20Trauma-%20Injury,%20Infection,%20and%20Critical%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Griesdale_2015_Injury_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Use of geographic information systems to assess the error associated with the use of place of residence in injury research}}, | |
| author = {Amram, Ofer and Schuurman, Nadine and Yanchar, Natalie L and Pike, Ian and Friger, Michael and Griesdale, Donald}, | |
| journal = {Injury Epidemiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s40621-015-0059-y}, | |
| abstract = {{Injury Epidemiology, 2015, doi:10.1186/s40621-015-0059-y}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 8}, | |
| month = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Phillips_2016_Injury_Prevention, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013}}, | |
| author = {Haagsma, Juanita A and Graetz, Nicholas and Bolliger, Ian and Naghavi, Mohsen and Higashi, Hideki and Mullany, Erin C and Abera, Semaw Ferede and Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal and Adofo, Koranteng and Alsharif, Ubai and Ameh, Emmanuel A and Ammar, Walid and Antonio, Carl Abelardo T and Barrero, Lope H and Bekele, Tolesa and Bose, Dipan and Brazinova, Alexandra and Catalá-López, Ferrán and Dandona, Lalit and Dandona, Rakhi and Dargan, Paul I and Leo, Diego De and Degenhardt, Louisa and Derrett, Sarah and Dharmaratne, Samath D and Driscoll, Tim R and Duan, Leilei and Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich and Farzadfar, Farshad and Feigin, Valery L and Franklin, Richard C and Gabbe, Belinda and Gosselin, Richard A and Hafezi-Nejad, Nima and Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi and Hijar, Martha and Hu, Guoqing and Jayaraman, Sudha P and Jiang, Guohong and Khader, Yousef Saleh and Khan, Ejaz Ahmad and Krishnaswami, Sanjay and Kulkarni, Chanda and Lecky, Fiona E and Leung, Ricky and Lunevicius, Raimundas and Lyons, Ronan Anthony and Majdan, Marek and Mason-Jones, Amanda J and Matzopoulos, Richard and Meaney, Peter A and Mekonnen, Wubegzier and Miller, Ted R and Mock, Charles N and Norman, Rosana E and Orozco, Ricardo and Polinder, Suzanne and Pourmalek, Farshad and Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa and Refaat, Amany and Rojas-Rueda, David and Roy, Nobhojit and Schwebel, David C and Shaheen, Amira and Shahraz, Saeid and Skirbekk, Vegard and Søreide, Kjetil and Soshnikov, Sergey and Stein, Dan J and Sykes, Bryan L and Tabb, Karen M and Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw and Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah and Theadom, Alice M and Tran, Bach Xuan and Vasankari, Tommi J and Vavilala, Monica S and Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich and Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret and Yip, Paul and Yonemoto, Naohiro and Younis, Mustafa Z and Yu, Chuanhua and Murray, Christopher J L and Vos, Theo and Balalla, Shivanthi and Phillips, Michael R}, | |
| journal = {Injury Prevention}, | |
| issn = {1353-8047}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041616}, | |
| pmid = {26635210}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4752630}, | |
| abstract = {{The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. This paper provides an overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country. Injury mortality was estimated using the extensive GBD mortality database, corrections for ill-defined cause of death and the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on inpatient and outpatient data sets, 26 cause-of-injury and 47 nature-of-injury categories, and seven follow-up studies with patient-reported long-term outcome measures. In 2013, 973 million (uncertainty interval (UI) 942 to 993) people sustained injuries that warranted some type of healthcare and 4.8 million (UI 4.5 to 5.1) people died from injuries. Between 1990 and 2013 the global age-standardised injury DALY rate decreased by 31\% (UI 26\% to 35\%). The rate of decline in DALY rates was significant for 22 cause-of-injury categories, including all the major injuries. Injuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. The decline in rates for almost all injuries is so prominent that it warrants a general statement that the world is becoming a safer place to live in. However, the patterns vary widely by cause, age, sex, region and time and there are still large improvements that need to be made.}}, | |
| pages = {3}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {22}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Haagsma-The%20global%20burden%20of%20injury-%20incidence,%20mortality,%20disability-adjusted%20life%20years%20and%20time%20trends%20from%20the%20Global%20Burden%20of%20Disease%20study%202013-2016-Injury%20Prevention_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mizock_2009, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{The Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Mizock, Barry A.}, | |
| journal = {Disease-a-Month}, | |
| issn = {0011-5029}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.disamonth.2009.04.002}, | |
| pmid = {19595297}, | |
| abstract = {{null}}, | |
| pages = {476--526}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {55}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Mizock-The%20Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Syndrome-2009-Disease-a-Month_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Agarwal_2013_International_Journal_of_Public_Health_Dentistry, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Delphi Technique- A Review}}, | |
| author = {Balasubramanian, Ramya and Agarwal, Deepti}, | |
| journal = {International Journal of Public Health Dentistry}, | |
| abstract = {{Surveys play a major role in health sciences research. Delphi technique is a kind of detailed survey having diversified uses in dental research. It is a method for the systematic solicitation and collation of judgments on a particular topic through a set of carefully designed sequential questionnaires interspersed with summarized information and feedback of opinions derived from earlier responses. Many important clinical issues do not yield to randomized clinical trials or to stepwise quantitative data analysis. In such cases, professionals use their training and personal anecdotal experience to assist decision making in a variety of practice contexts. In these circumstances, consensus opinion of experts provides a formal structured process for decision making. Consensus procedures also use the resources of all participants, commit them to the project, and enhance the future decision-making ability of the group with regard to resolution of the clinical problem addressed. Delphi process consists of a series of rounds; in each round every participant worked through a questionnaire which has to be returned to the researcher who collected, edited, and returned to every participant, a statement of the position of the whole group and the participant\’s own position about the research issue. Every participant reassesses their initial judgments about the information provided in previous iterations. This article aims at describing the methodology of Delphi technique.}}, | |
| pages = {16--25}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {3}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Visser_2007_Burns, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Enteral resuscitation and early enteral feeding in children with major burns—effect on McFarlane response to stress}}, | |
| author = {Venter, M and Rode, H and Sive, A and Visser, M}, | |
| journal = {Burns}, | |
| pages = {464 -- 471}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {33} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rainer_2014_Emerg_Med_J, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{THERM: the Resuscitation Management score. A prognostic tool to identify critically ill patients in the emergency department}}, | |
| author = {Cattermole, G. N. and Liow, E. C. and Graham, C. A. and Rainer, T. H.}, | |
| journal = {Emerg Med J}, | |
| issn = {1472-0213 (Electronic) 1472-0205 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emermed-2013-202772}, | |
| pmid = {23825056}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825056}, | |
| abstract = {{Prognostic scores are widely used in the emergency department (ED) to stratify risk for critically ill patients. The Prince of Wales ED Score (PEDS) was derived specifically for patients in an ED resuscitation room to predict death or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We aimed to validate and refine this score, in comparison with other scores including the National Early Warning Score (NEWS). This was a single-centre prospective study of adult resuscitation-room patients over 3 months. Comparison of scores was made using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Physiological and blood test variables were compared according to the composite primary outcome: admission to ICU or death within 7 days of attendance. Multivariate logistic regression was used to derive a new prediction score, which was validated in comparison with NEWS using the historic dataset from which PEDS had been derived. 234 patients were included; 37 were admitted to ICU or died within 7 days. PEDS performed adequately but was not superior to other scores. A simple pragmatic score, The Resuscitation Management score (THERM) was derived which outperformed NEWS in derivation and validation sets. PEDS is at least as good as other scores, including NEWS. However, it is unwieldy and relies on results not immediately accessible in the ED. THERM is a new score, derived and validated in an ED setting, using variables readily available, and simple to calculate and stratify. THERM outperforms NEWS and could be used in preference in critically ill ED patients.}}, | |
| pages = {803--7}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {31} | |
| } | |
| @article{Consortium_2015_Journal_of_Investigative_Dermatology, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Establishing an Academic–Industrial Stratified Medicine Consortium: Psoriasis Stratification to Optimize Relevant Therapy}}, | |
| author = {Griffiths, Christopher E M and Barnes, Michael R and Burden, A David and Nestle, Frank O and Reynolds, Nick J and Smith, Catherine H and Warren, Richard B and Barker, Jonathan N W N and Consortium, PSORT}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Investigative Dermatology}, | |
| issn = {0022-202X}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/jid.2015.286}, | |
| pmid = {26569580}, | |
| pages = {2903--2907}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {135}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Griffiths-Establishing%20an%20Academic–Industrial%20Stratified%20Medicine%20Consortium-%20Psoriasis%20Stratification%20to%20Optimize%20Relevant%20Therapy-2015-Journal%20of%20Investigative%20Dermatology_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ravindran_2014_British_journal_of_hospital_medicine__London, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{'Fluid-wise route-foolish': intravenous vs enteral fluid administration}}, | |
| author = {Vivekanantham, Sayinthen and Azzopardi, Giada and Ravindran, Rahul Prashanth}, | |
| journal = {British journal of hospital medicine (London, England: 2005)}, | |
| pages = {236}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {75} | |
| } | |
| @article{Thomas_2024_European_Journal_of_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2024}, | |
| title = {{Older age and risk for delayed abdominal pain care in the emergency department}}, | |
| author = {Bloom, Ben and Fritz, Christie L and Gupta, Shivani and Pott, Jason and Skene, Imogen and Astin-Chamberlain, Raine and ALI, Mohammad and Thomas, Sarah A and Thomas, Stephen H}, | |
| journal = {European Journal of Emergency Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0969-9546}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/mej.0000000000001143}, | |
| pmid = {38801425}, | |
| abstract = {{Background and importance Suboptimal acute pain care has been previously reported to be associated with demographic characteristics. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess a healthcare system’s multi-facility database of emergency attendances for abdominal pain, to assess for an association between demographics (age, sex, and ethnicity) and two endpoints: time delay to initial analgesia (primary endpoint) and selection of an opioid as the initial analgesic (secondary endpoint). Design, setting, and participants This retrospective observational study assessed four consecutive months’ visits by adults (≥18 years) with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, in a UK National Health Service Trust’s emergency department (ED). Data collected included demographics, pain scores, and analgesia variables. Outcome measures and analysis Categorical data were described with proportions and binomial exact 95\% confidence intervals (CIs). Continuous data were described using median (with 95\% CIs) and interquartile range (IQR). Multivariable associations between demographics and endpoints were executed with quantile median regression (National Health Service primary endpoint) and logistic regression (secondary endpoint). Main results In 4231 patients, 1457 (34.4\%) receiving analgesia had a median time to initial analgesia of 110 min (95\% CI, 104–120, IQR, 55–229). The univariate assessment identified only one demographic variable, age decade ( P = 0.0001), associated with the time to initial analgesia. Association between age and time to initial analgesia persisted in multivariable analysis adjusting for initial pain score, facility type, and time of presentation; for each decade increase the time to initial analgesia was linearly prolonged by 6.9 min (95\% CI, 1.9–11.9; P = 0.007). In univariable assessment, time to initial analgesia was not associated with either detailed ethnicity (14 categories, P = 0.109) or four-category ethnicity ( P = 0.138); in multivariable analysis ethnicity remained non-significant as either 14-category (all ethnicities’ P ≥ 0.085) or four-category (all P ≥ 0.138). No demographic or operational variables were associated with the secondary endpoint; opioid initial choice was associated only with pain score ( P = 0.003). Conclusion In a consecutive series of patients with abdominal pain, advancing age was the only demographic variable associated with prolonged time to initial analgesia. Older patients were found to have a linearly increasing, age-dependent risk for prolonged wait for pain care.}} | |
| } | |
| @article{8nj, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2014\_Book\_LinearProgramming.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2014_Book_LinearProgramming.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @misc{tft, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| author = {AAAM}, | |
| title = {{Abbreviated Injury Scale: 2015 Revision (6th Ed.(}}, | |
| url = {https://www.aaam.org}, | |
| publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine} | |
| } | |
| @article{CS_2018_Intensive_care_medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {Acute Lung Injury/*drug therapy/etiology/*mortality,Adult,Aged,Cohort Studies,Female,Humans,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use,Latent Class Analysis,Male,Middle Aged,Respiratory Distress Syndrome/*complications/drug therapy/mortality,Rosuvastatin Calcium/therapeutic use,Sepsis/complications/*drug therapy/*mortality,Survival Rate,Lung,Sepsis}, | |
| title = {{Latent class analysis of ARDS subphenotypes: a secondary analysis of the statins for acutely injured lungs from sepsis (SAILS) study.}}, | |
| author = {P, Sinha and KL, Delucchi and BT, Thompson and DF, McAuley and MA, Matthay and CS, Calfee}, | |
| journal = {Intensive care medicine}, | |
| issn = {1432-1238}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30291376/}, | |
| abstract = {{PURPOSE: Using latent class analysis (LCA), we have consistently identified two distinct subphenotypes in four randomized controlled trial cohorts of ARDS. One subphenotype has hyper-inflammatory characteristics and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Further, within three negative clinical trials, we observed differential treatment response by subphenotype to randomly assigned interventions. The main purpose of this study was to identify ARDS subphenotypes in a contemporary NHLBI Network trial of infection-associated ARDS (SAILS) using LCA and to test for differential treatment response to rosuvastatin therapy in the subphenotypes. METHODS: LCA models were constructed using a combination of biomarker and clinical data at baseline in the SAILS study (n = 745). LCA modeling was then repeated using an expanded set of clinical class-defining variables. Subphenotypes were tested for differential treatment response to rosuvastatin. RESULTS: The two-class LCA model best fit the population. Forty percent of the patients were classified as the "hyper-inflammatory" subphenotype. Including additional clinical variables in the LCA models did not identify new classes. Mortality at day 60 and day 90 was higher in the hyper-inflammatory subphenotype. No differences in outcome were observed between hyper-inflammatory patients randomized to rosuvastatin therapy versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS: LCA using a two-subphenotype model best described the SAILS population. The subphenotypes have features consistent with those previously reported in four other cohorts. Addition of new class-defining variables in the LCA model did not yield additional subphenotypes. No treatment effect was observed with rosuvastatin. These findings further validate the presence of two subphenotypes and demonstrate their utility for patient stratification in ARDS.}}, | |
| pages = {1859--1869}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {44}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: ARDS,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{gm, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2002\_Bookmatter\_Algebra(3).pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2002_Bookmatter_Algebra(3)_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Benoit_2017_Communication_Methods_and_Measures, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Text Analysis in R}}, | |
| author = {Welbers, Kasper and Atteveldt, Wouter Van and Benoit, Kenneth}, | |
| journal = {Communication Methods and Measures}, | |
| doi = {10.1080/19312458.2017.1387238}, | |
| abstract = {{ABSTRACTComputational text analysis has become an exciting research field with many applications in communication research. It can be a difficult method to apply, however, because it requires knowledge of various techniques, and the software required to perform most of these techniques is not readily available in common statistical software packages. In this teacher?s corner, we address these barriers by providing an overview of general steps and operations in a computational text analysis project, and demonstrate how each step can be performed using the R statistical software. As a popular open-source platform, R has an extensive user community that develops and maintains a wide range of text analysis packages. We show that these packages make it easy to perform advanced text analytics.}}, | |
| pages = {245 -- 265}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {doi: 10.1080/19312458.2017.1387238}, | |
| month = {09}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Welbers-Text%20Analysis%20in%20R-2017-Communication%20Methods%20and%20Measures.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dewar_2014, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Comparison of postinjury multiple-organ failure scoring systems: Denver versus Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.}}, | |
| author = {Dewar, David C. and White, Amanda E. and Attia, John and Tarrant, Seth M. and King, Kate L. and Balogh, Zsolt J.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma-injury Infection and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000000406}, | |
| pmid = {25250605}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: The Denver and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores have been used widely to describe the epidemiology of postinjury multiple-organ failure; however, differences in these scores make it difficult to compare incidence, duration, and mortality of multiple-organ failure. The study aim was to compare the performance of the Denver and SOFA scores with respect to the outcomes of mortality, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), and ventilator days. METHODS: A 60-month prospective epidemiologic study was undertaken at an Australian Level I trauma center. Data were collected on trauma patients that met inclusion criteria (ICU admission, Injury Severity Score [ISS] > 15, age > 18 years, head Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score 48 hours). Demographics, ISS, physiologic parameters, SOFA and Denver scores, and outcome data were prospectively collected. Sensitivity/specificity and receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for both scores. Analysis was also completed for a Day 3 postinjury SOFA and Denver score. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients met the inclusion criteria (mean [SD] age, 47 [21] years; ISS, 30; male, 69\%; mortality rate, 6\%; mean [SD] ICU LOS, 9 [7] days; mean [SD] ventilation period, 6 [7] days). There was no difference in the score performance predicting mortality. Day 3 SOFA score of 4 or greater outperformed the Denver score of greater than 3 when predicting ICU LOS and ventilator days (area under the curve, 0.83 vs. 0.69, 0.86 vs. 0.73, respectively). The SOFA score was more sensitive and the Denver score was more specific when predicting mortality, ICU LOS, and ventilator days. CONCLUSION: Both scores had similar performance predicting mortality; however, the Day 3 SOFA score outperforms the Denver score when predicting ICU LOS and ventilator days. Either score could be superior based on whether one is seeking to optimize specificity or sensitivity. It is important to note that these findings are in a non-head-injured population and that there are practical difficulties using the SOFA in head-injured patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II. Language: en}}, | |
| pages = {624--629}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {77}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Dewar-Comparison%20of%20postinjury%20multiple-organ%20failure%20scoring%20systems-2014-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Chen_2022_Nature_Communications, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Protective effect of platinum nano-antioxidant and nitric oxide against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury}}, | |
| author = {Mu, Jing and Li, Chunxiao and Shi, Yu and Liu, Guoyong and Zou, Jianhua and Zhang, Dong-Yang and Jiang, Chao and Wang, Xiuli and He, Liangcan and Huang, Peng and Yin, Yuxin and Chen, Xiaoyuan}, | |
| journal = {Nature Communications}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-29772-w}, | |
| pmid = {35523769}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC9076604}, | |
| abstract = {{Therapeutic interventions of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to attenuate liver dysfunction or multiple organ failure following liver surgery and transplantation remain limited. Here we present an innovative strategy by integrating a platinum nanoantioxidant and inducible nitric oxide synthase into the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 based hybrid nanoreactor for effective prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We show that platinum nanoantioxidant can scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species at the injury site and meanwhile generate oxygen for subsequent synthesis of nitric oxide under the catalysis of nitric oxide synthase. We find that such cascade reaction successfully achieves dual protection for the liver through reactive oxygen species clearance and nitric oxide regulation, enabling reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of macrophage activation and neutrophil recruitment, and ensuring suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. The current work establishes a proof of concept of multifunctional nanotherapeutics against ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may provide a promising intervention solution in clinical use. Pharmacological interventions against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury remain limited. Here, the authors provide a nanotherapeutics-based solution combining reactive oxygen species scavenging and nitric oxide modulation.}}, | |
| pages = {2513}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {13} | |
| } | |
| @article{Tidswell_2006, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury}}, | |
| author = {Steingrub, M D and Tidswell, M D} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bellomo_2011_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Totem and taboo: fluids in sepsis}}, | |
| author = {Hilton, Andrew K and Bellomo, Rinaldo}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| pages = {1}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {15} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wood_2001_Accident_and_Emergency_Nursing, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Pathophysiology: biological and behavioural perspectives (2nd ed)}}, | |
| author = {Wood, Ian}, | |
| journal = {Accident and Emergency Nursing}, | |
| doi = {10.1054/aaen.2000.0214}, | |
| pages = {132}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mannering_2014_Analytic_Methods_in_Accident_Research, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Latent class analysis of the effects of age, gender, and alcohol consumption on driver-injury severities}}, | |
| author = {Behnood, Ali and Roshandeh, Arash M and Mannering, Fred L}, | |
| journal = {Analytic Methods in Accident Research}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.amar.2014.10.001}, | |
| abstract = {{Analytic Methods in Accident Research, 3-4 + (2014) 56-91. doi:10.1016/j.amar.2014.10.001}}, | |
| pages = {56 -- 91}, | |
| number = {C}, | |
| volume = {3-4}, | |
| month = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Humby_2020_Rheumatology, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{P214 Preliminary results: driving improvements in disease outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis patients using remote disease activity monitoring via smartphone app}}, | |
| author = {MacBrayne, Amy C. B and Pott, Jason and Petrovic, Vladan and Pitzalis, Costantino and Humby, Frances}, | |
| journal = {Rheumatology}, | |
| issn = {1462-0324}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/rheumatology/keaa111.209}, | |
| number = {Supplement\_2}, | |
| volume = {59} | |
| } | |
| @article{MacMahon_1984_Journal_of_Parenteral_and_Enteral_Nutrition, | |
| year = {1984}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The use of the World Health Organization's oral rehydration solution in patients on home parenteral nutrition}}, | |
| author = {MacMahon, R A}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition}, | |
| pages = {720 -- 721}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {8} | |
| } | |
| @article{Golub_2003_Machine_Learning, | |
| year = {2003}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{Consensus Clustering: A Resampling-Based Method for Class Discovery and Visualization of Gene Expression Microarray Data}}, | |
| author = {Monti, Stefano and Tamayo, Pablo and Mesirov, Jill and Golub, Todd}, | |
| journal = {Machine Learning}, | |
| issn = {0885-6125}, | |
| doi = {10.1023/a:1023949509487}, | |
| abstract = {{In this paper we present a new methodology of class discovery and clustering validation tailored to the task of analyzing gene expression data. The method can best be thought of as an analysis approach, to guide and assist in the use of any of a wide range of available clustering algorithms. We call the new methodology consensus clustering, and in conjunction with resampling techniques, it provides for a method to represent the consensus across multiple runs of a clustering algorithm and to assess the stability of the discovered clusters. The method can also be used to represent the consensus over multiple runs of a clustering algorithm with random restart (such as K-means, model-based Bayesian clustering, SOM, etc.), so as to account for its sensitivity to the initial conditions. Finally, it provides for a visualization tool to inspect cluster number, membership, and boundaries. We present the results of our experiments on both simulated data and real gene expression data aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the methodology in discovering biologically meaningful clusters.}}, | |
| pages = {91--118}, | |
| number = {1-2}, | |
| volume = {52} | |
| } | |
| @article{Breslow_1999_Critical_Care_Clinics, | |
| year = {1999}, | |
| title = {{THE STRESS RESPONSE OF CRITICAL ILLNESS}}, | |
| author = {Epstein, Jay and Breslow, Michael J.}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Clinics}, | |
| issn = {0749-0704}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70037-3}, | |
| pmid = {9929784}, | |
| abstract = {{Maintenance of homeostasis in the setting of acute and significant injury is crucial to survival. In the perioperative period, threats to homeostasis occur as a result of either elective surgery (deliberate tissue injury) or unplanned trauma (inadvertent tissue injury). Resuscitation of patients during these periods of tissue injury and resulting organ dysfunction is a core activity of anesthesiologists and intensivists. In addition to resuscitation, however, these practitioners must understand how host responses to injury can affect homeostasis and represent a threat to survival. This article describes changes in autonomic and endocrine function caused by surgery; examines how host, anesthetic, and surgical factors influence this physiologic response; delineates relationships between organ-specific alterations in function and elements of the stress response; examines data indicating a relationship between stress-induced alterations in organ function and the development of clinically important complications; and evaluates how changes in practice patterns might alter outcome.Tissue injury elicits a large number of neural and hormonal responses that result in predictable physiologic alterations. Many of these neuroendocrine changes have been recognized for some time and are generally regarded as appropriate responses.7,11 Circulating concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine are increased by augmented sympathetic nervous system activity.3,27 Although rigorous documentation is lacking, it is likely that there is a parallel decrease in parasympathetic nervous system activity. Alterations in autonomic nervous system activity are accompanied by diffuse changes in endocrine function. The more important of these responses are summarized in Table 1. There is increased secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, prolactin, vasopressin, and endorphin from the pituitary, while secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are either unchanged or decreased.1,10,16,37 Peripheral endocrine function largely parallels changes in the regulatory pituitary hormones; adrenal secretion of cortisol and ACTH is augmented,8,44 while thyroid function tends to be depressed.10 Pancreatic secretion of glucagon is increased.In contrast, insulin secretion, when corrected for changes in glucose concentration, is attenuated.26 In addition to changes in autonomic nervous system and endocrine function, traumatic injury also alters the pattern of protein synthesis in the liver. There is increased synthesis and release of the so-called “acute phase reactants,” while synthesis of albumin and other hepatic products is decreased. More recently, it has been recognized that traumatic injury is associated with increased plasma concentrations of select cytokines, particularly interleukin-6.36,39 In contrast, tumor necrosis factor increases only slightly following major injury and interleukin-1 concentrations do not appear to change with isolated trauma.36,39}}, | |
| pages = {17--33}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {15}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Epstein-THE%20STRESS%20RESPONSE%20OF%20CRITICAL%20ILLNESS-1999-Critical%20Care%20Clinics.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{McKinley_2019_Journal_of_Orthopaedic_Trauma, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Early Immunologic Response in Multiply Injured Patients With Orthopaedic Injuries Is Associated With Organ Dysfunction}}, | |
| author = {Gaski, Greg E and Metzger, Cameron and McCarroll, Tyler and Wessel, Robert and Adler, Jeremy and Cutshall, Andrew and Brown, Krista and Vodovotz, Yoram and Billiar, Timothy R and McKinley, Todd O}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma}, | |
| issn = {0890-5339}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/bot.0000000000001437}, | |
| pmid = {31008819}, | |
| abstract = {{To quantify the acute immunologic biomarker response in multiply injured patients with axial and lower extremity fractures and to explore associations with adverse short-term outcomes including organ dysfunction and nosocomial infection (NI).}}, | |
| pages = {220--228}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {33}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Gaski-Early%20Immunologic%20Response%20in%20Multiply%20Injured%20Patients%20With%20Orthopaedic%20Injuries%20Is%20Associated%20With%20Organ%20Dysfunction-2019-Journal%20of%20Orthopaedic%20Trauma_2.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Smith_2015_Resuscitationzrq, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Are observation selection methods important when comparing early warning score performance?}}, | |
| author = {Jarvis, S. W. and Kovacs, C. and Briggs, J. and Meredith, P. and Schmidt, P. E. and Featherstone, P. I. and Prytherch, D. R. and Smith, G. B.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {0300-9572}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.01.033}, | |
| pmid = {25668311}, | |
| abstract = {{ Introduction Sicker patients generally have more vital sign assessments, particularly immediately before an adverse outcome, and especially if the vital sign monitoring schedule is driven by an early warning score (EWS) value. This lack of independence could influence the measured discriminatory performance of an EWS. Methods We used a population of 1564,143 consecutive vital signs observation sets collected as a routine part of patients’ care. We compared 35 published EWSs for their discrimination of the risk of death within 24h of an observation set using (1) all observations in our dataset, (2) one observation per patient care episode, chosen at random and (3) one observation per patient care episode, chosen as the closest to a randomly selected point in time in each episode. We compared the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) as a measure of discrimination for each of the 35 EWSs under each observation selection method and looked for changes in their rank order. Results There were no significant changes in rank order of the EWSs based on AUROC between the different observation selection methods, except for one EWS that included age among its components. Whichever method of observation selection was used, the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) showed the highest discrimination of risk of death within 24h. AUROCs were higher when only one observation set was used per episode of care (significantly higher for many EWSs, including NEWS). Conclusions Vital sign measurements can be treated as if they are independent – multiple observations can be used from each episode of care – when comparing the performance and ranking of EWSs, provided no EWS includes age.}}, | |
| pages = {1--6}, | |
| number = {Resuscitation 77 2008}, | |
| volume = {90} | |
| } | |
| @article{Creighton_2016_International_Journal_of_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| title = {{Bicycle injuries and helmet use: a systematic review and meta-analysis}}, | |
| author = {Olivier, Jake and Creighton, Prudence}, | |
| journal = {International Journal of Epidemiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/ije/dyw153}, | |
| pages = {dyw153 -- 1}, | |
| volume = {36}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {07} | |
| } | |
| @article{A_2019_Critical_care_medicine, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {Adult,Brain Injuries,Traumatic/*physiopathology,Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology,Feasibility Studies,Female,Homeostasis/physiology,Humans,Intracranial Pressure/physiology,Male,*Markov Chains,Middle Aged,*Monitoring,Physiologic,Retrospective Studies,Unsupervised Machine Learning,Brain}, | |
| title = {{Feasibility of Hidden Markov Models for the Description of Time-Varying Physiologic State After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.}}, | |
| author = {S, Asgari and H, Adams and M, Kasprowicz and M, Czosnyka and P, Smielewski and A, Ercole}, | |
| journal = {Critical care medicine}, | |
| issn = {1530-0293}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31517697/}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVES: Continuous assessment of physiology after traumatic brain injury is essential to prevent secondary brain insults. The present work aims at the development of a method for detecting physiologic states associated with the outcome from time-series physiologic measurements using a hidden Markov model. DESIGN: Unsupervised clustering of hourly values of intracranial pressure/cerebral perfusion pressure, the compensatory reserve index, and autoregulation status was attempted using a hidden Markov model. A ternary state variable was learned to classify the patient's physiologic state at any point in time into three categories ("good," "intermediate," or "poor") and determined the physiologic parameters associated with each state. SETTING: The proposed hidden Markov model was trained and applied on a large dataset (28,939 hr of data) using a stratified 20-fold cross-validation. PATIENTS: The data were collected from 379 traumatic brain injury patients admitted to Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge between 2002 and 2016. INTERVENTIONS: Retrospective observational analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Unsupervised training of the hidden Markov model yielded states characterized by intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, compensatory reserve index, and autoregulation status that were physiologically plausible. The resulting classifier retained a dose-dependent prognostic ability. Dynamic analysis suggested that the hidden Markov model was stable over short periods of time consistent with typical timescales for traumatic brain injury pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first application of unsupervised learning to multidimensional time-series traumatic brain injury physiology. We demonstrated that clustering using a hidden Markov model can reduce a complex set of physiologic variables to a simple sequence of clinically plausible time-sensitive physiologic states while retaining prognostic information in a dose-dependent manner. Such states may provide a more natural and parsimonious basis for triggering intervention decisions.}}, | |
| pages = {e880--e885}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {47}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: tbi,trauma,cluster,time series,Markov model,unsupervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong study design} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mikhail_1999_AACN_Clinical_Issues__Advanced_Practice_in_Acute_and_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {1999}, | |
| title = {{The Trauma Triad of Death: Hypothermia, Acidosis, and Coagulopathy}}, | |
| author = {Mikhail, Judy}, | |
| journal = {AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1079-0713}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00044067-199902000-00008}, | |
| pmid = {10347389}, | |
| abstract = {{With the organization of trauma systems, the development of trauma centers, the application of standardized methods of resuscitation, and improvements in modern blood banking techniques, the ability to aggressively resuscitate patients in extremis has evolved. The concept of the “golden hour” has translated into unprecedented speed and efficiency of trauma resuscitation with the ultimate goal of short injury-to-incision times. As the shift in care of patients in extremis has continued to move from the street to the emergency department and beyond, the focus of trauma resuscitation has shifted to the operating room and ultimately to the intensive tare unit, The “new” golden hour may well be the time in the operating room before the patient reaches the physiologic limit, defined as the onset of the triad: hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy, Critical care nurses must understand this triad, because it forms the basis and underlying logic on which the damage control philosophy has been built. This article explores the pathogenesis and treatment of acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy as it applies to the exsanguinating trauma patient.}}, | |
| pages = {85--94}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {10}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Mikhail-The%20Trauma%20Triad%20of%20Death-%20Hypothermia,%20Acidosis,%20and%20Coagulopathy-1999-AACN%20Clinical%20Issues-%20Advanced%20Practice%20in%20Acute%20and%20Critical%20Care.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Fan_2016_Intensive_Care_Med, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis}}, | |
| author = {Silversides, J A and Major, E and Ferguson, A J and Mann, E E and McAuley, D F and Marshall, J C and Blackwood, B and Fan, E}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-016-4573-3}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether a conservative approach to fluid administration or deresuscitation (active removal of fluid using diuretics or renal replacement therapy) is beneficial following haemodynamic stabilisation of critically ill patients. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conservative or deresuscitative fluid strategies in adults and children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the post-resuscitation phase of critical illness. METHODS: We searched Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials from 1980 to June 2016, and manually reviewed relevant conference proceedings from 2009 to the present. Two reviewers independently assessed search results for inclusion and undertook data extraction and quality appraisal. We included randomised trials comparing fluid regimens with differing fluid balances between groups, and observational studies investigating the relationship between fluid balance and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Marked clinical heterogeneity was evident. In a meta-analysis of 11 randomised trials (2051 patients) using a random-effects model, we found no significant difference in mortality with conservative or deresuscitative strategies compared with a liberal strategy or usual care [pooled risk ratio (RR) 0.92, 95 \% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-1.02, I 2 = 0 \%]. A conservative or deresuscitative strategy resulted in increased ventilator-free days (mean difference 1.82 days, 95 \% CI 0.53-3.10, I 2 = 9 \%) and reduced length of ICU stay (mean difference -1.88 days, 95 \% CI -0.12 to -3.64, I 2 = 75 \%) compared with a liberal strategy or standard care. CONCLUSIONS: In adults and children with ARDS, sepsis or SIRS, a conservative or deresuscitative fluid strategy results in an increased number of ventilator-free days and a decreased length of ICU stay compared with a liberal strategy or standard care. The effect on mortality remains uncertain. Large randomised trials are needed to determine optimal fluid strategies in critical illness.}}, | |
| note = {Silversides, Jonathan A | |
| Major, Emmet | |
| Ferguson, Andrew J | |
| Mann, Emma E | |
| McAuley, Daniel F | |
| Marshall, John C | |
| Blackwood, Bronagh | |
| Fan, Eddy | |
| ENG | |
| REVIEW | |
| 2016/10/14 06:00 | |
| Intensive Care Med. 2016 Oct 12.}, | |
| month = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lee_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{Foundations of Programming Languages}}, | |
| author = {Lee, Kent D.}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-70790-7}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2017_Book_FoundationsOfProgrammingLangua.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Collaboration_2018_Lancet, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in acute severe haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data from 40 138 bleeding patients.}}, | |
| author = {Gayet-Ageron, Angèle and Prieto-Merino, David and Ker, Katharine and Shakur, Haleema and Ageron, François-Xavier and Roberts, Ian and Collaboration, Antifibrinolytic Trials}, | |
| journal = {Lancet}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32455-8}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND:Antifibrinolytics reduce death from bleeding in trauma and post-partum haemorrhage. We examined the effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness of antifibrinolytics. | |
| METHODS:We did an individual patient-level data meta-analysis of randomised trials done with more than 1000 patients that assessed antifibrinolytics in acute severe bleeding. We identified trials done between Jan 1, 1946, and April 7, 2017, from MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, PubMed, Popline, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The primary measure of treatment benefit was absence of death from bleeding. We examined the effect of treatment delay on treatment effectiveness using logistic regression models. We investigated the effect of measurement error (misclassification) in sensitivity analyses. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number 42016052155. | |
| FINDINGS:We obtained data for 40 138 patients from two randomised trials of tranexamic acid in acute severe bleeding (traumatic and post-partum haemorrhage). Overall, there were 3558 deaths, of which 1408 (40\%) were from bleeding. Most (884 [63\%] of 1408) bleeding deaths occurred within 12 h of onset. Deaths from post-partum haemorrhage peaked 2-3 h after childbirth. Tranexamic acid significantly increased overall survival from bleeding (odds ratio [OR] 1·20, 95\% CI 1·08-1·33; p=0·001), with no heterogeneity by site of bleeding (interaction p=0·7243). Treatment delay reduced the treatment benefit (p<0·0001). Immediate treatment improved survival by more than 70\% (OR 1·72, 95\% CI 1·42-2·10; p<0·0001). Thereafter, the survival benefit decreased by 10\% for every 15 min of treatment delay until 3 h, after which there was no benefit. There was no increase in vascular occlusive events with tranexamic acid, with no heterogeneity by site of bleeding (p=0·5956). Treatment delay did not modify the effect of tranexamic acid on vascular occlusive events. | |
| INTERPRETATION:Death from bleeding occurs soon after onset and even a short delay in treatment reduces the benefit of tranexamic acid administration. Patients must be treated immediately. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of the mechanism of action of tranexamic acid. | |
| FUNDING:UK NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme, Pfizer, BUPA Foundation, and J P Moulton Charitable Foundation (CRASH-2 trial). London School of Hygiene \& Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation (WOMAN trial).}}, | |
| pages = {125 -- 132}, | |
| number = {10116}, | |
| volume = {391}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Holmes_2015_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Restrictive and liberal red cell transfusion strategies in adult patients: reconciling clinical data with best practice}}, | |
| author = {Mirski, M A and Frank, S M and Kor, D J and Vincent, J L and Holmes, D R Jr}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-015-0912-y}, | |
| abstract = {{Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion guidelines correctly promote a general restrictive transfusion approach for anemic hospitalized patients. Such recommendations have been derived from evaluation of specific patient populations, and it is important to recognize that engaging a strict guideline approach has the potential to incur harm if the clinician fails to provide a comprehensive review of the patient's physiological status in determining the benefit and risks of transfusion. We reviewed the data in support of a restrictive or a more liberal RBC transfusion practice, and examined the quality of the datasets and manner of their interpretation to provide better context by which a physician can make a sound decision regarding RBC transfusion therapy. Reviewed studies included PubMed-cited (1974 to 2013) prospective randomized clinical trials, prospective subset analyses of randomized studies, nonrandomized controlled trials, observational case series, consecutive and nonconsecutive case series, and review articles. Prospective randomized clinical trials were acknowledged and emphasized as the best-quality evidence. The results of the analysis support that restrictive RBC transfusion practices appear safe in the hospitalized populations studied, although patients with acute coronary syndromes, traumatic brain injury and patients at risk for brain or spinal cord ischemia were not well represented in the reviewed studies. The lack of quality data regarding the purported adverse effects of RBC transfusion at best suggests that restrictive strategies are no worse than liberal strategies under the studied protocol conditions, and RBC transfusion therapy in the majority of instances represents a marker for greater severity of illness. The conclusion is that in the majority of clinical settings a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy is cost-effective, reduces the risk of adverse events specific to transfusion, and introduces no harm. In anemic patients with ongoing hemorrhage, with risk of significant bleeding, or with concurrent ischemic brain, spinal cord, or myocardium, the optimal hemoglobin transfusion trigger remains unknown. Broad-based adherence to guideline approaches of therapy must respect the individual patient condition as interpreted by comprehensive clinical review.}}, | |
| pages = {202}, | |
| volume = {19}, | |
| note = {Mirski, Marek A | |
| Frank, Steven M | |
| Kor, Daryl J | |
| Vincent, Jean-Louis | |
| Holmes, David R Jr | |
| eng | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2015/05/06 06:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2015 May 5;19:202. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0912-y.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pepe_1992_The_Journal_of_Trauma__Injury, | |
| year = {1992}, | |
| title = {{INVALIDATION OF THE APACHE II SCORING SYSTEM FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE TRAUMA}}, | |
| author = {McAnena, Oliver J. and Moore, Frederick A. and Moore, Ernest E. and Mattox, Kenneth L. and Marx, John A. and Pepe, Paul}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0022-5282}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005373-199210000-00003}, | |
| pmid = {1433394}, | |
| abstract = {{The APACHE II scoring system has been promulgated as a useful tool in the assessment of the severity of injury and prognosis for acutely ill patients. The physiologic basis for stratification is weighted toward older patients with chronic medical conditions. Recently, the APACHE II system has been proposed as a method for determining diagnosis related group (DRG) reimbursement for individual trauma patients. The present study applied the APACHE II scoring system to 280 patients with blunt or penetrating trauma who had documented systolic blood pressures <90 mm Hg. Fifty-seven (20\%) died of their injuries within the first 24 hours. APACHE II scores were recorded both in the emergency room (ED) and at 24 hours following admission. Injury Severity Scores (ISS), Revised Trauma Scores (RTS), and TRISSCAN were calculated. The APACHE II (n = 223) recorded at 24 hours (2.5 ± 0.2) was significantly less than that recorded in the ED (6.6 ± 0.3, p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney analysis). Using regression analysis, there was no correlation between APACHE II and ISS if recorded in the ED (r2 = 0.06) or 24 hours following admission (r2 = 0.08). APACHE II also demonstrated a poor correlation with the length of hospital stay (r2 = 0.03 [ED], = 0.19 [24 hours]). Whereas APACHE II may be helpful in defining severity of disease among patients with acute-on-chronic medical conditions, the classification lacks an anatomic component, which is essential to assess the magnitude of acute injury in patients who are typically otherwise healthy.}}, | |
| pages = {504--507}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {33}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/McAnena-INVALIDATION%20OF%20THE%20APACHE%20II%20SCORING%20SYSTEM%20FOR%20PATIENTS%20WITH%20ACUTE%20TRAUMA-1992-The%20Journal%20of%20Trauma-%20Injury,%20Infection,%20and%20Critical%20Care.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wallis_2010_Academic_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {delphi}, | |
| title = {{Emergency Medicine in the Developing World: A Delphi Study}}, | |
| author = {Hodkinson, Peter W and Wallis, Lee A}, | |
| journal = {Academic Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00791.x}, | |
| abstract = {{ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:765–774 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineObjectives: Emergency medicine (EM) as a specialty has developed rapidly in the western world, but remains...}}, | |
| pages = {765 -- 774}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {17}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {07} | |
| } | |
| @article{E_2021_JMIR_medical_informatics, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Child Development Disorders,Pervasive,Autistic Disorder}, | |
| title = {{Unsupervised Machine Learning for Identifying Challenging Behavior Profiles to Explore Cluster-Based Treatment Efficacy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Retrospective Data Analysis Study.}}, | |
| author = {J, Gardner-Hoag and M, Novack and C, Parlett-Pelleriti and E, Stevens and D, Dixon and E, Linstead}, | |
| journal = {JMIR medical informatics}, | |
| issn = {2291-9694}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34076577/}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Challenging behaviors are prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorder; however, research exploring the impact of challenging behaviors on treatment response is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify types of autism spectrum disorder based on engagement in different challenging behaviors and evaluate differences in treatment response between groups. METHODS: Retrospective data on challenging behaviors and treatment progress for 854 children with autism spectrum disorder were analyzed. Participants were clustered based on 8 observed challenging behaviors using k means, and multiple linear regression was performed to test interactions between skill mastery and treatment hours, cluster assignment, and gender. RESULTS: Seven clusters were identified, which demonstrated a single dominant challenging behavior. For some clusters, significant differences in treatment response were found. Specifically, a cluster characterized by low levels of stereotypy was found to have significantly higher levels of skill mastery than clusters characterized by self-injurious behavior and aggression (P<.003). CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications on the treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Self-injurious behavior and aggression were prevalent among participants with the worst treatment response, thus interventions targeting these challenging behaviors may be worth prioritizing. Furthermore, the use of unsupervised machine learning models to identify types of autism spectrum disorder shows promise.}}, | |
| pages = {e27793}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: Autism,unsupervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population,wrong publication type} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sibbald_1992_Chest, | |
| year = {1992}, | |
| title = {{Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis}}, | |
| author = {Bone, Roger C. and Balk, Robert A. and Cerra, Frank B. and Dellinger, R. Phillip and Fein, Alan M. and Knaus, William A. and Schein, Roland M.H. and Sibbald, William J.}, | |
| journal = {Chest}, | |
| issn = {0012-3692}, | |
| doi = {10.1378/chest.101.6.1644}, | |
| pmid = {1303622}, | |
| abstract = {{An American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference was held in Northbrook in August 1991 with the goal of agreeing on a set of definitions that could be applied to patients with sepsis and its sequelae. New definitions were offered for some terms, while others were discarded. Broad definitions of sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome were proposed, along with detailed physiologic parameters by which a patient may be categorized. Definitions for severe sepsis, septic shock, hypotension, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome were also offered. The use of severity scoring methods when dealing with septic patients was recommended as an adjunctive tool to assess mortality. Appropriate methods and applications for the use and testing of new therapies were recommended. The use of these terms and techniques should assist clinicians and researchers who deal with sepsis and its sequelae.}}, | |
| pages = {1644--1655}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {101}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Bone-Definitions%20for%20Sepsis%20and%20Organ%20Failure%20and%20Guidelines%20for%20the%20Use%20of%20Innovative%20Therapies%20in%20Sepsis-1992-Chest.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Walsh_2015_BMJ, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Red cell transfusions for treating anaemia in the absence of bleeding}}, | |
| author = {Walsh, T S}, | |
| journal = {BMJ}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmj.h1463}, | |
| pages = {h1463 -- h1463}, | |
| number = {mar24 25}, | |
| volume = {350}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {Walsh, Timothy S | |
| eng | |
| Comment | |
| Editorial | |
| England | |
| 2015/03/26 06:00 | |
| BMJ. 2015 Mar 24;350:h1463. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h1463.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vught_2019_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Predicting the clinical trajectory in critically ill patients with sepsis: a cohort study}}, | |
| author = {Klouwenberg, Peter M. C. Klein and Spitoni, Cristian and Poll, Tom van der and Bonten, Marc J. and Cremer, Olaf L. and Frencken, Jos F. and Groep, Kirsten van de and Koster-Brouwer, Marlies E. and Ong, David S. Y. and Verboom, Diana and Beer, Friso M. de and Bos, Lieuwe D. J. and Glas, Gerie J. and Hooijdonk, Roosmarijn T. M. van and Schouten, Laura R. A. and Straat, Marleen and Witteveen, Esther and Wieske, Luuk and Hoogendijk, Arie J. and Huson, Mischa A. and Vught, Lonneke A. van}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-019-2687-z}, | |
| pmid = {31831072}, | |
| abstract = {{To develop a mathematical model to estimate daily evolution of disease severity using routinely available parameters in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Over a 3-year period, we prospectively enrolled consecutive adults with sepsis and categorized patients as (1) being at risk for developing (more severe) organ dysfunction, (2) having (potentially still reversible) limited organ failure, or (3) having multiple-organ failure. Daily probabilities for transitions between these disease states, and to death or discharge, during the first 2 weeks in ICU were calculated using a multi-state model that was updated every 2 days using both baseline and time-varying information. The model was validated in independent patients. We studied 1371 sepsis admissions in 1251 patients. Upon presentation, 53 (4\%) were classed at risk, 1151 (84\%) had limited organ failure, and 167 (12\%) had multiple-organ failure. Among patients with limited organ failure, 197 (17\%) evolved to multiple-organ failure or died and 809 (70\%) improved or were discharged alive within 14 days. Among patients with multiple-organ failure, 67 (40\%) died and 91 (54\%) improved or were discharged. Treatment response could be predicted with reasonable accuracy (c-statistic ranging from 0.55 to 0.81 for individual disease states, and 0.67 overall). Model performance in the validation cohort was similar. This prediction model that estimates daily evolution of disease severity during sepsis may eventually support clinicians in making better informed treatment decisions and could be used to evaluate prognostic biomarkers or perform in silico modeling of novel sepsis therapies during trial design. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01905033}}, | |
| pages = {408}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {23}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Klouwenberg-Predicting%20the%20clinical%20trajectory%20in%20critically%20ill%20patients%20with%20sepsis-%20a%20cohort%20study-2019-Critical%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Luo_2016_Burns, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{A novel mathematical model to predict prognosis of burnt patients based on logistic regression and support vector machine}}, | |
| author = {Huang, Yinghui and Zhang, Lei and Lian, Guan and Zhan, Rixing and Xu, Rufu and Huang, Yan and Mitra, Biswadev and Wu, Jun and Luo, Gaoxing}, | |
| journal = {Burns}, | |
| issn = {0305-4179}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.burns.2015.08.009}, | |
| pmid = {26774603}, | |
| abstract = {{ Objective To develop a mathematical model of predicting mortality based on the admission characteristics of 6220 burn cases. Methods Data on all the burn patients presenting to Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University from January of 1999 to December of 2008 were extracted from the departmental registry. The distributions of burn cases were scattered by principal component analysis. Univariate associations with mortality were identified and independent associations were derived from multivariate logistic regression analysis. Using variables independently and significantly associated with mortality, a mathematical model to predict mortality was developed using the support vector machine (SVM) model. The predicting ability of this model was evaluated and verified. Results The overall mortality in this study was 1.8\%. Univariate associations with mortality were identified and independent associations were derived from multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables at admission independently associated with mortality were gender, age, total burn area, full thickness burn area, inhalation injury, shock, period before admission and others. The sensitivity and specificity of logistic model were 99.75\% and 85.84\% respectively, with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.989 (95\% CI: 0.979–1.000; p <0.01). The model correctly classified 99.50\% of cases. The subsequently developed support vector machine (SVM) model correctly classified nearly 100\% of test cases, which could not only predict adult group but also pediatric group, with pretty high robustness (92\%–100\%). Conclusion A mathematical model based on logistic regression and SVM could be used to predict the survival prognosis according to the admission characteristics.}}, | |
| pages = {291--299}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {42} | |
| } | |
| @article{Li_2015_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Resuscitation strategies with different arterial pressure targets after surgical management of traumatic shock}}, | |
| author = {Bai, X and Yu, W and Ji, W and Duan, K and Tan, S and Lin, Z and Xu, L and Li, N}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-015-0897-6}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION: Hypotensive fluid resuscitation has a better effect before and during surgical intervention for multiple trauma patients with haemorrhagic shock. However, it is questionable whether hypotensive fluid resuscitation is suitable after surgical intervention for these patients, and whether resuscitation with different mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets after surgical intervention can obtain different results. The aim of this study was to investigate these questions and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A total of 30 anesthetized piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 per group): low MAP, middle MAP, and high MAP, which had MAP targets of 60, 80, and 100 mmHg, respectively. All animals underwent femur fracture, intestine and liver injury, haemorrhagic shock, early hypotensive resuscitation, and surgical intervention. Then, the animals received fluid resuscitation with different MAP targets as mentioned above for 24 hours. Hemodynamic parameters and vital organ functions were evaluated. RESULTS: Fluid resuscitation in the 80 mmHg MAP group maintained haemodynamic stability, tissue perfusion, and organ function better than that in the other groups. The 60 mmHg MAP group presented with profound metabolic acidosis and organ histopathologic damage. In addition, animals in the 100 mmHg MAP group exhibited severe tissue oedema, organ function failure, and histopathologic damage. CONCLUSIONS: In our porcine model of resuscitation, targeting high MAP by fluid administration alone resulted in a huge increase in the infusion volume, severe tissue oedema, and organ dysfunction. Meanwhile, targeting low MAP resulted in persistent tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic stress. Hence, a resuscitation strategy of targeting appropriate MAP might be compatible with maintaining haemodynamic stability, tissue perfusion, and organ function.}}, | |
| pages = {170}, | |
| volume = {19}, | |
| note = {Bai, Xiaowu | |
| Yu, Wenkui | |
| Ji, Wu | |
| Duan, Kaipeng | |
| Tan, Shanjun | |
| Lin, Zhiliang | |
| Xu, Lin | |
| Li, Ning | |
| ENG | |
| England | |
| 2015/05/01 06:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2015 Apr 20;19:170. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0897-6.}, | |
| month = {04} | |
| } | |
| @article{Caricato_2007_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| keywords = {Editorial}, | |
| title = {{Post-injury multiple organ failure and late outcome. Is it just an association?}}, | |
| author = {Antonelli, Massimo and Caricato, Anselmo}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1364-8535}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/cc6132}, | |
| pmid = {18001489}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC2556755}, | |
| abstract = {{Multiple organ failure (MOF) is associated with a high rate of mortality in trauma patients. Several studies focused on long-term outcome in these patients, and showed that MOF is related to both in-hospital and late mortality and functional status. Exact mechanism of sequelae in MOF is still unclear. The distinction between early and late MOF probably helps to separate two different clinical conditions and find a stronger relationship with outcome.}}, | |
| pages = {166}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Antonelli-Post-injury%20multiple%20organ%20failure%20and%20late%20outcome.%20Is%20it%20just%20an%20association--2007-Critical%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bernard_1998_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {1998}, | |
| title = {{Quantification of organ dysfunction}}, | |
| author = {Bernard, Gordon R.}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0090-3493}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00003246-199811000-00001}, | |
| pmid = {9824054}, | |
| pages = {1767--1768.}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {26}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Bernard-Quantification%20of%20organ%20dysfunction-1998-Critical%20Care%20Medicine_2.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Cheungpasitporn_2021_Diagnostics, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{Machine Learning Consensus Clustering Approach for Hospitalized Patients with Dysmagnesemia}}, | |
| author = {Thongprayoon, Charat and Sy-Go, Janina Paula T. and Nissaisorakarn, Voravech and Dumancas, Carissa Y. and Keddis, Mira T. and Kattah, Andrea G. and Pattharanitima, Pattharawin and Vallabhajosyula, Saraschandra and Mao, Michael A. and Qureshi, Fawad and Garovic, Vesna D. and Dillon, John J. and Erickson, Stephen B. and Cheungpasitporn, Wisit}, | |
| journal = {Diagnostics}, | |
| issn = {2075-4418}, | |
| doi = {10.3390/diagnostics11112119}, | |
| pmid = {34829467}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8619519}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34829467/}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: The objectives of this study were to classify patients with serum magnesium derangement on hospital admission into clusters using unsupervised machine learning approach and to evaluate the mortality risks among these distinct clusters. Methods: Consensus cluster analysis was performed based on demographic information, principal diagnoses, comorbidities, and laboratory data in hypomagnesemia (serum magnesium ≤ 1.6 mg/dL) and hypermagnesemia cohorts (serum magnesium ≥ 2.4 mg/dL). Each cluster’s key features were determined using the standardized mean difference. The associations of the clusters with hospital mortality and one-year mortality were assessed. Results: In hypomagnesemia cohort (n = 13,320), consensus cluster analysis identified three clusters. Cluster 1 patients had the highest comorbidity burden and lowest serum magnesium. Cluster 2 patients had the youngest age, lowest comorbidity burden, and highest kidney function. Cluster 3 patients had the oldest age and lowest kidney function. Cluster 1 and cluster 3 were associated with higher hospital and one-year mortality compared to cluster 2. In hypermagnesemia cohort (n = 4671), the analysis identified two clusters. Compared to cluster 1, the key features of cluster 2 included older age, higher comorbidity burden, more hospital admissions primarily due to kidney disease, more acute kidney injury, and lower kidney function. Compared to cluster 1, cluster 2 was associated with higher hospital mortality and one-year mortality. Conclusion: Our cluster analysis identified clinically distinct phenotypes with differing mortality risks in hospitalized patients with dysmagnesemia. Future studies are required to assess the application of this ML consensus clustering approach to care for hospitalized patients with dysmagnesemia.}}, | |
| pages = {2119}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: cluster,medicine,consensus clustering | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population,wrong study design} | |
| } | |
| @article{investigators_2015_The_Lancet__Neurology, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Stenting versus medical treatment in patients with symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: a randomised open-label phase 2 trial.}}, | |
| author = {Compter, Annette and Worp, H Bart van der and Schonewille, Wouter J and Vos, Jan Albert and Boiten, Jelis and Nederkoorn, Paul J and Uyttenboogaart, Maarten and Lo, Rob T and Algra, Ale and Kappelle, L Jaap and investigators, VAST}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet. Neurology}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00017-4}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND:Patients with a recent vertebrobasilar transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke and vertebral artery stenosis of at least 50\% have a high risk of future vertebrobasilar stroke. Stenting of vertebral artery stenosis is promising, but of uncertain benefit. We investigated the safety and feasibility of stenting of symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis of at least 50\%, and assessed the rate of vascular events in the vertebrobasilar supply territory to inform the design of a phase 3 trial. | |
| METHODS:Between Jan 22, 2008, and April 8, 2013, patients with a recent transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke associated with an intracranial or extracranial vertebral artery stenosis of at least 50\% were enrolled from seven hospitals in the Netherlands in a phase 2 open-label trial with masked assessment of outcome. Patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to stenting plus best medical treatment or best medical treatment alone by the local investigators using a web-based randomisation system. The primary outcome was the composite of vascular death, myocardial infarction, or any stroke within 30 days after the start of treatment. The secondary outcomes were stroke in the supply territory of the symptomatic vertebral artery during follow-up, the composite outcome during follow-up, and the degree of stenosis in the symptomatic vertebral artery at 12 months. The trial is registered, number ISRCTN29597900. | |
| FINDINGS:The trial was stopped after inclusion of 115 patients because of new regulatory requirements, including the use of a few prespecified stent types and external monitoring, for which no funding was available. 57 patients were assigned to stenting and 58 to medical treatment alone. Three patients in the stenting group had vascular death, myocardial infarction, or any stroke within 30 days after the start of treatment (5\%, 95\% CI 0-11) versus one patient in the medical treatment group (2\%, 0-5). During a median follow-up of 3 years (IQR 1·3-4·1), seven (12\%, 95\% CI 6-24) patients in the stenting group and four (7\%, 2-17) in the medical treatment group had a stroke in the territory of the symptomatic vertebral artery; 11 (19\%) patients in the stenting group and ten (17\%) in the medical treatment group had vascular death, myocardial infarction, or any stroke. The small size of the vertebral artery and stent artifacts did not allow exact grading of restenosis on CT angiography. During the complete period of follow-up, there were 60 serious adverse events (eight strokes) in the stenting group and 56 (seven strokes) in the medical treatment alone group. | |
| INTERPRETATION:Stenting of symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis is associated with a major periprocedural vascular complication in about one in 20 patients. In the population we studied, the risk of recurrent vertebrobasilar stroke under best medical treatment alone was low, questioning the need for and feasibility of a phase 3 trial. | |
| FUNDING:Dutch Heart Foundation.}}, | |
| pages = {606 -- 614}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {14}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Islam_2020_Electronics, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{The k-means Algorithm: A Comprehensive Survey and Performance Evaluation}}, | |
| author = {Ahmed, Mohiuddin and Seraj, Raihan and Islam, Syed Mohammed Shamsul}, | |
| journal = {Electronics}, | |
| doi = {10.3390/electronics9081295}, | |
| abstract = {{The k-means clustering algorithm is considered one of the most powerful and popular data mining algorithms in the research community. However, despite its popularity, the algorithm has certain limitations, including problems associated with random initialization of the centroids which leads to unexpected convergence. Additionally, such a clustering algorithm requires the number of clusters to be defined beforehand, which is responsible for different cluster shapes and outlier effects. A fundamental problem of the k-means algorithm is its inability to handle various data types. This paper provides a structured and synoptic overview of research conducted on the k-means algorithm to overcome such shortcomings. Variants of the k-means algorithms including their recent developments are discussed, where their effectiveness is investigated based on the experimental analysis of a variety of datasets. The detailed experimental analysis along with a thorough comparison among different k-means clustering algorithms differentiates our work compared to other existing survey papers. Furthermore, it outlines a clear and thorough understanding of the k-means algorithm along with its different research directions.}}, | |
| pages = {1295}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {9} | |
| } | |
| @misc{5sy, | |
| title = {{What Is Epidemiology? | NIDCD}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| url = {https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/what-epidemiology}, | |
| urldate = {2023-06-23}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/What%20Is%20Epidemiology_%20-%20NIDCD%20-%20www.nidcd.nih.gov_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{2007915, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS} | |
| } | |
| @article{Park_2008_Transactions_of_the_____Meeting_of_the_American_Surgical_Association, | |
| year = {2008}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Increased Plasma and Platelet to Red Blood Cell Ratios Improves Outcome in 466 Massively Transfused Civilian Trauma Patients}}, | |
| author = {Holcomb, John B and Wade, Charles E and Michalek, Joel E and Chisholm, Gary B and Zarzabal, Lee Ann and Schreiber, Martin A and Gonzalez, Ernest A and Pomper, Gregory J and Perkins, Jeremy G and Spinella, Phillip C and Williams, Kari L and Park, Myung S}, | |
| journal = {Transactions of the ... Meeting of the American Surgical Association}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/sla.0b013e318185a9ad}, | |
| pages = {97 -- 108}, | |
| volume = {126}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Paterson_Brown_2011_BMJ, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{FY1 doctors still poor in prescribing intravenous fluids}}, | |
| author = {Powell, Arfon G M T and Paterson-Brown, Simon}, | |
| journal = {BMJ}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmj.d2741}, | |
| url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d2741}, | |
| abstract = {{The British consensus guidelines on intravenous fluid therapy for adult surgical patients (GIFTASUP) were developed in 2008.1 2 They provide recommendations on patient assessment and intravenous fluid prescribing in surgical patients. We undertook a questionnaire study assessing knowledge and confidence along with the use of these guidelines in 33 foundation year 1 (FY1) doctors in their first …}}, | |
| pages = {d2741 -- d2741}, | |
| number = {may17 2}, | |
| volume = {342}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Best_2012_Complete_Nutrition, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Is nasogastric tube intubation an alternative method to intravenous fluid replacement for dehydration?}}, | |
| author = {Wilson, Neil and Best, Carolyn}, | |
| journal = {Complete Nutrition}, | |
| url = {https://www.nutrition2me.com/images/free-view-articles/free-downloads/cn\%20nasogastric\%20\%20dehydration\%20article\%20jan\%202012.pdf}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{45o, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2017\_Book\_StatisticsAndAnalysisOfScienti.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2017_Book_StatisticsAndAnalysisOfScienti.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Maier_2012_The_Lancet, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| title = {{Haemorrhage control in severely injured patients}}, | |
| author = {Gruen, Russell L and Brohi, Karim and Schreiber, Martin and Balogh, Zsolt J and Pitt, Veronica and Narayan, Mayur and Maier, Ronald V}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet}, | |
| issn = {0140-6736}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61224-0}, | |
| pmid = {22998719}, | |
| abstract = {{Most surgeons have adopted damage control surgery for severely injured patients, in which the initial operation is abbreviated after control of bleeding and contamination to allow ongoing resuscitation in the intensive-care unit. Developments in early resuscitation that emphasise rapid control of bleeding, restrictive volume replacement, and prevention or early management of coagulopathy are making definitive surgery during the first operation possible for many patients. Improved topical haemostatic agents and interventional radiology are becoming increasingly useful adjuncts to surgical control of bleeding. Better understanding of trauma-induced coagulopathy is paving the way for the replacement of blind, unguided protocols for blood component therapy with systemic treatments targeting specific deficiencies in coagulation. Similarly, treatments targeting dysregulated inflammatory responses to severe injury are under investigation. As point-of-care diagnostics become more suited to emergency environments, timely targeted intervention for haemorrhage control will result in better patient outcomes and reduced demand for blood products. Our Series paper describes how our understanding of the roles of the microcirculation, inflammation, and coagulation has shaped new and emerging treatment strategies.}}, | |
| pages = {1099--1108}, | |
| number = {9847}, | |
| volume = {380}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Gruen-Haemorrhage%20control%20in%20severely%20injured%20patients-2012-The%20Lancet.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Waydhas_1994, | |
| year = {1994}, | |
| title = {{POSTTRAUMATIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SECONDARY OPERATIONS AND LATE MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE}}, | |
| author = {Waydhas, C. and Nast-Kolb, D. and Kick, M. and Zent, R. and Wiesholler, J. and Trupka, A. and Jochum, M. and Schweiberer, L.}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0022-5282}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005373-199407000-00083}, | |
| pmid = {8614044}, | |
| abstract = {{The objective of this study was to determine the role of surgical procedures as secondary inflammatory insults in the development of late multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with multiple trauma and to evaluate both specific and nonspecific indicators of the inflammatory response in their ability to indicate the risk of severely injured patients to develop organ failure after secondary operations. In a prospective study of 106 severely injured patients (ISS 40.6) who underwent secondary operations (> 3 days after trauma), we compared the level of preoperative inflammation with the sequelae of surgical trauma. The interventions included facial reconstructions; osteosynthesis of the pelvic girdle, long bones, and spine; and others. Group 1 consisted of 40 patients (38\%) who developed respiratory, renal, or hepatic failure, or combinations thereof, within 2 days after the operation or whose preexisting organ dysfunction worsened by more than 20\% from baseline. The remaining 66 patients (62\%) with an uneventful recovery formed group 2. The preoperative levels of neutrophil elastase (92.2 vs. 61.3 ng/dL), C-reactive protein (12.4 vs. 7.6 mg/dL), and platelet count (118,000 vs. 236,000/microL) were significantly more abnormal in the patients of group 1. Po2 /Fio2 ratio was also somewhat lower in group 1 patients (305.5 vs. 351), whereas other parameters (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, bilirubin, creatinine, urinary output, lactate, pH, and coagulation) did not allow preoperative differentiation between groups 1 and 2. An increased state of inflammation (neutrophil elastase > 85 ng/mL, C-reactive protein > 11 mg/dL, platelet count < 180,000/microL) predicted postoperative organ failure with an accuracy of 79\% (sensitivity, 73\%; specifity, 83\%). We conclude that secondary operations may act as a second insult and may precipitate late multiple organ dysfunction syndrome if they are performed in patients with multiple trauma while they still have an increased level of posttraumatic inflammation. However, future investigations have to show whether postponing surgery until inflammation has subsided or the use of less invasive surgical techniques will decrease the rate of postoperative organ failure in the trauma patient.}}, | |
| pages = {164}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {37} | |
| } | |
| @article{1963_1963_SIAM, | |
| year = {1963}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters}}, | |
| author = {{Applied, DW Marquardt Journal of the society for Industrial and} and 1963}, | |
| journal = {SIAM}, | |
| doi = {10.1137/0111030}, | |
| abstract = {{Introduction. Most algorithms for the least-squares estimation of non-linear parameters have centered about either of two approaches. On the one hand, the model may be expanded as a Taylor series and corrections to the several parameters calculated at each iteration on the assumption of local linearity. On the other hand, various modifications of the method of steepest-descent have been used. Both methods not infrequently run aground, the Taylor series method because of divergence of thesuccessive iterates, the steepest-descent (or …}}, | |
| pages = {431 -- 441}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Borthwick_2008_Pharmaceutical_Journal, | |
| year = {2008}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Intravenous fluid therapy—background and principles}}, | |
| author = {Floss, Katharina and Borthwick, Mark}, | |
| journal = {Pharmaceutical Journal}, | |
| keywords = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Duncan_2007_The_Journal_of_Trauma__Injury, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| title = {{Heart Rate Variability Index in Trauma Patients}}, | |
| author = {Proctor, Kenneth G. and Atapattu, Suresh A. and Duncan, Robert C.}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0022-5282}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/01.ta.0000251593.32396.df}, | |
| pmid = {17622866}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) changes often reflect autonomic dysfunction with high sensitivity, but the specificity is also low. There are several different methods for measuring HRV, but interpretation is often complex, and the units are not interchangeable. For these reasons, HRV monitoring is not routinely used in many clinical situations. We hypothesized that the specificity of HRV as a screening tool for trauma patients could be improved by controlling some of the confounding influences using multiple logistic regression. Methods: A prospective observational trial with waiver of consent was performed in 243 healthy student volunteers and 257 trauma patients, in the resuscitation bay and intensive care units of a Level I trauma center, who received computed axial tomography (CT) scans of the head as part of the initial work up. Electrocardiogram results were recorded for 5 minutes. HRV was defined by SD of normal R-R intervals (SDNN5) and by root mean square of successive differences of R-R intervals (RMSSD5). A head CT scan was considered positive (\+) if there were abnormalities in the parenchyma (diffuse axonal injury or contusion), vasculature (intraparenchymal, subdural, or epidural hemorrhage), and/or structural or bony components (fractures of the face or cranium). Results: In volunteers, SDNN5 was 73 ± 15 (M ± SD) milliseconds, compared with 42 ± 22, 31 ± 19, 28 ± 17, and 12 ± 8 milliseconds in, CT(–) patients with no sedation (n \= 82), CT(–) with sedation (n \= 60), CT(\+) with no sedation (n \= 55), and CT(\+) with sedation (n \= 60), respectively. The differences between trauma, sedation, and CT categories were significant (all p < 0.001). RMSSD5 differences were similar and also highly significant (all p < 0.001). For both SDNN5 and RMSSD5, in each category, there was wide overlap in the range of values, and strong inverse correlations with heart rate (all p < 0.001). Using multiple logistic regression in a subset with no missing data (n \= 194), an index was derived from ln(SDNN5) adjusted for six confounding factors. With a negative predictive value held constant at 0.90, compared with ln(SDNN5) alone, the stepwise addition of heart rate, sedation, age, gender, and blood pressure progressively improved the specificity of the HRV index from 0.56 to 0.77, positive predictive value from 0.55 to 0.68, and efficiency from 0.68 to 0.80. This index was then normalized (0–100 scale) for ease of interpretation. Conclusions: (1) Several factors alter HRV in patients; (2) when HRV was indexed for some of these factors, its specificity and efficiency were improved for predicting a discrete pathologic state in trauma patients, i.e. (\+) or (–) cranial CT scans; (3) the algorithm can incorporate other factors to further refine the diagnostic and/or prognostic ability of HRV as a noninvasive clinical tool; (4) this concept should be applicable to any other HRV measurement technique or outcome.}}, | |
| pages = {33--43}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {63} | |
| } | |
| @article{Winters_2009_Environmental_Health, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: a review of the literature}}, | |
| author = {Reynolds, Conor CO and Harris, M Anne and Teschke, Kay and Cripton, Peter A and Winters, Meghan}, | |
| journal = {Environmental Health}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1476-069x-8-47}, | |
| pmid = {19845962}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC2776010}, | |
| abstract = {{Bicycling has the potential to improve fitness, diminish obesity, and reduce noise, air pollution, and greenhouse gases associated with travel. However, bicyclists incur a higher risk of injuries requiring hospitalization than motor vehicle occupants. Therefore, understanding ways of making bicycling safer and increasing rates of bicycling are important to improving population health. There is a growing body of research examining transportation infrastructure and the risk of injury to bicyclists. We reviewed studies of the impact of transportation infrastructure on bicyclist safety. The results were tabulated within two categories of infrastructure, namely that at intersections (e.g. roundabouts, traffic lights) or between intersections on "straightaways" (e.g. bike lanes or paths). To assess safety, studies examining the following outcomes were included: injuries; injury severity; and crashes (collisions and/or falls). The literature to date on transportation infrastructure and cyclist safety is limited by the incomplete range of facilities studied and difficulties in controlling for exposure to risk. However, evidence from the 23 papers reviewed (eight that examined intersections and 15 that examined straightaways) suggests that infrastructure influences injury and crash risk. Intersection studies focused mainly on roundabouts. They found that multi-lane roundabouts can significantly increase risk to bicyclists unless a separated cycle track is included in the design. Studies of straightaways grouped facilities into few categories, such that facilities with potentially different risks may have been classified within a single category. Results to date suggest that sidewalks and multi-use trails pose the highest risk, major roads are more hazardous than minor roads, and the presence of bicycle facilities (e.g. on-road bike routes, on-road marked bike lanes, and off-road bike paths) was associated with the lowest risk. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that purpose-built bicycle-specific facilities reduce crashes and injuries among cyclists, providing the basis for initial transportation engineering guidelines for cyclist safety. Street lighting, paved surfaces, and low-angled grades are additional factors that appear to improve cyclist safety. Future research examining a greater variety of infrastructure would allow development of more detailed guidelines.}}, | |
| pages = {47}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {8} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dewar_2013, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| title = {{Changes in the epidemiology and prediction of multiple-organ failure after injury}}, | |
| author = {Dewar, David C. and Tarrant, Seth M. and King, Kate L. and Balogh, Zsolt J.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0b013e31827a6e69}, | |
| pmid = {23425734}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND The epidemiology of multiple-organ failure (MOF) after injury has been changing, questioning the validity of previously described prediction models. This study aimed to describe the current epidemiology of MOF. The secondary aim was development of a prediction model that could be used for early identification of patients at risk of MOF. METHODS A 60-month prospective epidemiologic study was undertaken at an Australian Level I trauma center. Data were collected on trauma patients that met inclusion criteria (intensive care unit \[ICU\] admission; Injury Severity Score \[ISS\] > 15; age > 18 years, head Abbreviated Injury Scale \[AIS\] score < 3; and survival for >48 hours). Demographics, injury severity (ISS), physiologic parameters, MOF status based on the Denver score, and outcome data were prospectively collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic modeling were performed; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Data are presented as percentage or mean (SD). RESULTS A total of 140 patients met the inclusion criteria (age, 47 \[21\] years; ISS, 30 \[11\]; male, 69\%), 21 patients (15\%) developed MOF, and MOF associated mortality was 24\% versus non-MOF mortality rate of 3\%. Patients who developed MOF had longer ICU stays (19 \[7\] vs. 7 \[5\], p < 0.01) and had more ventilator days (18 \[9\] vs. 4 \[4\], p < 0.01). Prediction models were generated at two time points as follows: admission and 24 hours after injury. At admission, age (>65 years) and admission platelet count (<150 × 109\/L) were significant predictors of MOF; at 24 hours after injury, MOF was predicted by age more than 65 years, admission platelet count less than 150 × 109\/L, maximum creatinine of greater than 150 × 109\/L and minimum bilirubin of greater than 10 × 109\/L. Shock parameters and injury severity did not predict MOF. CONCLUSION The incidence of MOF (15\%) is lower than reported 15 years ago; MOF remains a major cause of ICU resource use and late mortality after injury. The independent predictors of MOF have fundamentally changed, likely owing to improvements in resuscitation and critical care. Current predictors are universally available at admission and 24 hours. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic\/prognostic study, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {774--779}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {74}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Dewar-Changes%20in%20the%20epidemiology%20and%20prediction%20of%20multiple-organ%20failure%20after%20injury-2013-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Black_2022, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure}}, | |
| author = {Black, Hannah}, | |
| journal = {Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma}, | |
| issn = {2520-8284}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-92241-2\_3}, | |
| abstract = {{The exact epidemiology of MOF is difficult to ascertain given the lack of a universal MOF score. While MOF incidence varies between studies, it is obvious that it presents a significant complication in trauma patients who survive their initial injuries with reports of incidence as high as 86\%. Males and older individuals appear to develop MOF at higher rates, with the mechanism of injury also influencing MOF incidence. MOF is associated with an increased risk of mortality and other complications including infections. MOF confers a significant economic and ICU/hospital resource burden. While not unanimous, there appears to be a trend for MOF incidence to be increasing recently as the mortality has decreased with more patients surviving.}}, | |
| pages = {33--37} | |
| } | |
| @article{y3b, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2013\_Book\_ModellingComputingSystems.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2013_Book_ModellingComputingSystems.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{M_2021_Translational_psychiatry, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {*Bipolar Disorder,Cluster Analysis,*Endogenous Retroviruses,Gene Products,env/genetics,Humans,*Schizophrenia/genetics,Bipolar Disorder,Schizophrenia}, | |
| title = {{Identification of inflammatory subgroups of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients with HERV-W ENV antigenemia by unsupervised cluster analysis.}}, | |
| author = {R, Tamouza and U, Meyer and M, Foiselle and JR, Richard and CL, Wu and W, Boukouaci and P, Le Corvoisier and C, Barrau and A, Lucas and H, Perron and M, Leboyer}, | |
| journal = {Translational psychiatry}, | |
| issn = {2158-3188}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34230451/}, | |
| abstract = {{Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of infections that took place several million years ago and represent around 8\% of the human genome. Despite evidence implicating increased expression of HERV type W envelope (HERV-W ENV) in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it remains unknown whether such expression is associated with distinct clinical or biological characteristics and symptoms. Accordingly, we performed unsupervised two-step clustering of a multivariate data set that included HERV-W ENV protein antigenemia, serum cytokine levels, childhood trauma scores, and clinical data of cohorts of patients with schizophrenia (n = 29), bipolar disorder (n = 43) and healthy controls (n = 32). We found that subsets of patients with schizophrenia (\textbackslashtextasciitilde41\%) and bipolar disorder (\textbackslashtextasciitilde28\%) show positive antigenemia for HERV-W ENV protein, whereas the large majority (96\%) of controls was found to be negative for ENV protein. Unsupervised cluster analysis identified the presence of two main clusters of patients, which were best predicted by the presence or absence of HERV-W ENV protein. HERV-W expression was associated with increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and higher childhood maltreatment scores. Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia who were positive for HERV-W ENV protein showed more manic symptoms and higher daily chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalents, whereas HERV-W ENV positive patients with bipolar disorder were found to have an earlier disease onset than those who were negative for HERV-W ENV protein. Taken together, our study suggest that HERV-W ENV protein antigenemia and cytokines can be used to stratify patients with major mood and psychotic disorders into subgroups with differing inflammatory and clinical profiles.}}, | |
| pages = {377}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: psych,cluster,unsupervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Calfee_2019_Current_Opinion_in_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Phenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Sinha, Pratik and Calfee, Carolyn S.}, | |
| journal = {Current Opinion in Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1070-5295}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/mcc.0000000000000571}, | |
| pmid = {30531367}, | |
| abstract = {{Purpose of review To provide an overview of the current research in identifying homogeneous subgroups and phenotypes in ARDS. Recent findings In recent years, investigations have used either physiology, clinical data, biomarkers or a combination of these to stratify patients with ARDS into distinct subgroups with divergent clinical outcomes. In some studies, there has also been evidence of differential treatment response within subgroups. Physiologic approaches include stratification based on P/F ratio and ventilatory parameters; stratification based on P/F ratio is already being employed in clinical trials. Clinical approaches include stratification based on ARDS risk factor or direct vs. indirect ARDS. Combined clinical and biological data has been used to identify two phenotypes across five cohorts of ARDS, termed hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory. These phenotypes have widely divergent clinical outcomes and differential response to mechanical ventilation, fluid therapy, and simvastatin in secondary analysis of completed trials. Next steps in the field include prospective validation of inflammatory phenotypes and integration of high-dimensional ‘omics’ data into our understanding of ARDS heterogeneity. Summary Identification of distinct subgroups or phenotypes in ARDS may impact future conduct of clinical trials and can enhance our understanding of the disorder, with potential future clinical implications.}}, | |
| pages = {12--20}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {25} | |
| } | |
| @article{Segu__2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{Introduction to Data Science, A Python Approach to Concepts, Techniques and Applications}}, | |
| author = {Igual, Laura and Seguí, Santi}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-50017-1}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2017_Book_IntroductionToDataScience.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Groeneveld_2012_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Volume-limited versus pressure-limited hemodynamic management in septic and nonseptic shock}}, | |
| author = {Trof, Ronald J and Beishuizen, Albertus and Cornet, Alexander D and Wit, Ralph J de and Girbes, Armand RJ and Groeneveld, AB Johan}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| pages = {1177 -- 1185}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {40} | |
| } | |
| @article{McKinley_2016_Journal_of_Surgical_Research, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{The effect of pH versus base deficit on organ failure in trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Frantz, Travis L and Gaski, Greg E and Terry, Colin and Steenburg, Scott D and Zarzaur, Ben L and McKinley, Todd O}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Surgical Research}, | |
| issn = {0022-4804}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.003}, | |
| pmid = {26233689}, | |
| abstract = {{BackgroundBase deficit (BD) calculations are affected by trauma-related changes in circulating concentrations of anions after injury. In contrast, pH is a direct measurement that corresponds to hypoperfusion. We hypothesized that changes in pH would more closely correspond to organ dysfunction compared with changes in BD.Materials and methodsBD and pH values were collected for the first 48 h after injury from a retrospective cohort of 74 multiply injured adult patients who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit for a minimum of 1 wk. Mean and extreme (minimum pH and maximum BD) values of pH and BD were determined for day 1 (0–24 h) and for day 2 (24–48 h) after injury. Organ dysfunction was measured by averaging daily sequential organ failure assessment scores over the entire duration of intensive care unit admission. BD and pH values were compared with mean modified sequential organ failure assessment scores by univariate and multivariate linear regression.ResultsOrgan dysfunction corresponded more closely with changes in pH compared with those in BD. Minimum pH and maximum BD showed better correspondence to organ dysfunction compared with mean values. Minimum pH values at 24–48 h had the highest univariate (r2 = 0.43) correspondence to organ dysfunction. In contrast, mean BD values at 24–48 h showed no correspondence (r2 = 0.07) to organ dysfunction. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that 24–48 h of minimum pH had the highest numerical effect on organ dysfunction.ConclusionsCorrespondence between organ dysfunction and BD deteriorated in contrast to increasing correspondence between organ dysfunction and pH measured within 48 h after injury.}}, | |
| pages = {260--265}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {200}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Frantz-The%20effect%20of%20pH%20versus%20base%20deficit%20on%20organ%20failure%20in%20trauma%20patients-2016-Journal%20of%20Surgical%20Research.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hirano_2000_Intensive_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2000}, | |
| title = {{Comparison of Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and CIS (cellular injury score) for scoring of severity for patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)}}, | |
| author = {Oda, Shigeto and Hirasawa, Hiroyuki and Sugai, Takao and Shiga, Hidetoshi and Nakanishi, Kazuya and Kitamura, Nobuya and Sadahiro, Tomohito and Hirano, Takeshi}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0342-4642}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s001340000710}, | |
| pmid = {11271086}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of cellular injury score (CIS) and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for determination of the severity of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Design: A prospective observational study. Setting: A medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a teaching hospital. Patients: Forty-seven consecutive MODS patients. Measurements and results: SOFA score and CIS were measured every day for 12 months for 47 MODS patients. Comparison was made of the SOFA score and CIS for usefulness in the scoring of severity of MODS in 26 survivors and 21 non-survivors. In addition, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the usefulness of these two indexes as predictors of prognosis. No significant differences were found on admission between the survivors and non-survivors, but significant differences between the two subgroups (p<0.001) were found in maximum value within 1 week after admission and maximum value during the course of treatment for both indexes. Analysis of changes after admission indicated that significant differences between survivors and non-survivors began to appear on day 3 of admission for both indexes; at that time SOFA score began to deteriorate in the non-survivors while CIS began to improve in the survivors. ROC analysis demonstrated that the area under the ROC curve was 0.769 for SOFA scores and 0.760 for CIS. Conclusions: Both SOFA score and CIS sequentially reflected the severity of MODS. Furthermore, they were comparable in diagnostic value as predictors of prognosis. These findings may indicate the possibility that MODS is a summation of effects of cellular injury. In addition, sequential evaluation of both SOFA score and CIS would provide a more accurate prediction of prognosis than conventional methods.}}, | |
| pages = {1786--1793}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {26}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Oda-Comparison%20of%20Sepsis-related%20Organ%20Failure%20Assessment%20(SOFA)%20score%20and%20CIS%20(cellular%20injury%20score)%20for%20scoring%20of%20severity%20for%20patients%20with%20multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20syndrome%20(MODS)-2000-Intensive%20Care%20Medicine_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Holzmann_2018, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Software Technology: 10 Years of Innovation in IEEE Computer}}, | |
| author = {Holzmann, G J}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/9781119174240}, | |
| url = {http://www.worldcat.org/title/software-technology-10-years-of-innovation-in-ieee-computer/oclc/1039187313}, | |
| editor = {Hinchey, Mike}, | |
| month = {07} | |
| } | |
| @article{v, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Shen_2015, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| title = {{Built environment effects on cyclist injury severity in automobile-involved bicycle crashes}}, | |
| author = {Chen, Peng and Shen, Qing}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.002}, | |
| abstract = {{Accident Analysis and Prevention, 86 (2016) 239-246. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.002}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 8}, | |
| month = {12} | |
| } | |
| @article{Garcia_Fernandez_2015_Nephron, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Comparison of Intravenous and Oral Hydration in the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Low-Risk Patients: A Randomized Trial}}, | |
| author = {Martin-Moreno, P L and Varo, N and Martinez-Anso, E and Martin-Calvo, N and Sayon-Orea, C and Bilbao, J I and Garcia-Fernandez, N}, | |
| journal = {Nephron}, | |
| doi = {10.1159/000438907}, | |
| abstract = {{AIMS: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a common cause of renal failure. We evaluated the effectiveness of oral sodium citrate versus intravenous (IV) sodium bicarbonate for CI-AKI prophylaxis as well as their influence on kidney injury biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled, single-center study including 130 hospitalized patients (62.3\% men), who were randomized to receive sodium bicarbonate (1/6 men, 3 ml/kg/h for 1 h; n = 43), oral sodium citrate (75 ml/10 kg divided into 4 doses; n = 43) or nonspecific hydration (n = 44) before contrast administration, was conducted. Serum creatinine and kidney injury biomarkers (cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-8, F2-isoprostanes and cardiotrophin-1 [CT-1]) were assessed. RESULTS: Incidence of CI-AKI was 9.2\% with no differences found between hydration groups: 7.0\% in sodium bicarbonate group, 11.6\% in oral sodium citrate group and 9.1\% in the nonspecific hydration group. Urinary creatinine and urinary CT-1/creatinine ratio decreased 4 h after contrast infusion (p < 0.001), but none of the biomarkers assessed were affected by the treatments. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in hydration with oral sodium citrate and IV sodium bicarbonate for the prophylaxis of CI-AKI. Therefore, oral hydration represents a safe, inexpensive and practical method for preventing CI-AKI in low-risk patients. No effect on biomarkers for kidney injury could be demonstrated.}}, | |
| pages = {51 -- 58}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {131}, | |
| note = {Martin-Moreno, Paloma L | |
| Varo, Nerea | |
| Martinez-Anso, Eduardo | |
| Martin-Calvo, Nerea | |
| Sayon-Orea, Carmen | |
| Bilbao, Jose I | |
| Garcia-Fernandez, Nuria | |
| eng | |
| Comparative Study | |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Switzerland | |
| 2015/09/05 06:00 | |
| Nephron. 2015;131(1):51-8. doi: 10.1159/000438907. Epub 2015 Aug 26.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ulvik_2007, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| title = {{Multiple organ failure after trauma affects even long-term survival and functional status.}}, | |
| author = {Ulvik, Atle and Ulvik, A. and Kvåle, Reidar and Wentzel-Larsen, Tore and Flaatten, Hans}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1364-8535}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/cc6111}, | |
| pmid = {17784940}, | |
| abstract = {{Background The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of organ failure in trauma patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU), and to study the relationship between organ failure and long-term survival and functional status.}}, | |
| pages = {R95}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Ulvik-Multiple%20organ%20failure%20after%20trauma%20affects%20even%20long-term%20survival%20and%20functional%20status-2007-Critical%20Care.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Juffermans_2019_Trauma_Surgery___Acute_Care_Open, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Early increase in anti-inflammatory biomarkers is associated with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in severely injured trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Kleinveld, Derek JB and Boer, Anita M Tuip-de and Hollmann, Markus W and Juffermans, Nicole P}, | |
| journal = {Trauma Surgery \& Acute Care Open}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/tsaco-2019-000343}, | |
| pmid = {31750398}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6827752}, | |
| abstract = {{As a result of improvements in the early resuscitation phase of trauma, mortality is largely driven by later mortality due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which may be mediated by an early overdrive in the host immune response. If patients at risk for MODS could be identified early, preventive treatment measures could be taken. The aim of this study is to investigate whether specific biomarkers are associated with MODS. Multiple trauma patients presenting to the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, between 2012 and 2018 with an Injury Severity Score of 16 or higher were sampled on arrival at the emergency department. A wide variety of inflammatory cytokines, endothelial and lung-specific markers were determined. Comparisons were made between patients with and without MODS. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations between specific biomarkers and MODS. A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. In total, 147 multiple trauma patients were included. Of these, 32 patients developed MODS (21.7\%). Patients who developed MODS were more severely injured, had more traumatic brain injury and showed more deranged markers of coagulation when compared with patients without MODS. Overall, both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were higher in patients with MODS, indicative of a host immune reaction. In the multivariate analysis, the combination of anti-inflammatory proteins interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) (OR 1.27 (1.07–1.51), p=0.002) and Clara cell protein 16 (CC-16) (1.06 (1.01–1.05), p=0.031) was most strongly associated with the development MODS. In trauma, anti-inflammatory proteins IL-1RA and CC-16 have the potential to early identify patients at risk for development of MODS. Further research is warranted to prospectively validate these results. Prognostic study, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {e000343}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {4}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Kleinveld-Early%20increase%20in%20anti-inflammatory%20biomarkers%20is%20associated%20with%20the%20development%20of%20multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20syndrome%20in%20severely%20injured%20trauma%20patients-2019-Trauma%20Surgery%20&%20Acute%20Care%20Open_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Boots_2014_Shock, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Burn Resuscitation—Hourly Urine Output Versus Alternative Endpoints: A Systematic Review}}, | |
| author = {Paratz, Jennifer D and Stockton, Kellie and Paratz, Elizabeth D and Blot, Stijn and Muller, Michael and Lipman, Jeffrey and Boots, Robert J}, | |
| journal = {Shock}, | |
| pages = {295 -- 306}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {42} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lederer_2012_Journal_of_Leukocyte_Biology, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| title = {{Trauma equals danger—damage control by the immune system}}, | |
| author = {Stoecklein, Veit M. and Osuka, Akinori and Lederer, James A.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Leukocyte Biology}, | |
| issn = {0741-5400}, | |
| doi = {10.1189/jlb.0212072}, | |
| pmid = {22654121}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC3427603}, | |
| abstract = {{Review on how traumatic injuries influence immune system phenotypes and functions. Traumatic injuries induce a complex host response that disrupts immune system homeostasis and predisposes patients to opportunistic infections and inflammatory complications. The response to injuries varies considerably by type and severity, as well as by individual variables, such as age, sex, and genetics. These variables make studying the impact of trauma on the immune system challenging. Nevertheless, advances have been made in understanding how injuries influence immune system function as well as the immune cells and pathways involved in regulating the response to injuries. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about how traumatic injuries affect immune system phenotype and function. We discuss the current ideas that traumatic injuries induce a unique type of a response that may be triggered by a combination of endogenous danger signals, including alarmins, DAMPs, self‐antigens, and cytokines. Additionally, we review and propose strategies for redirecting injury responses to help restore immune system homeostasis.}}, | |
| pages = {539--551}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {92}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Stoecklein-Trauma%20equals%20danger—damage%20control%20by%20the%20immune%20system-2012-Journal%20of%20Leukocyte%20Biology_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hotchkiss_2011_Annals_of_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{312 Emergency Physician Accuracy in Estimating Volume Responsive Shock Using the “CURVES” Questionnaire}}, | |
| author = {Holthaus, C and Ablordeppey, E and Fuller, B and Lewis, J and Janssen, A and Chang, R and Wessman, B and Theodoro, D and Williams, J and Ahrens, T and Hotchkiss, R}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.343}, | |
| pages = {S282 -- S283}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {58} | |
| } | |
| @article{Holcomb_2015_BMC_Research_Notes, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {Adult,Algorithms,Female,Hemorrhage/*classification/etiology,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Models,Theoretical,Retrospective Studies,Severity of Illness Index,Wounds and Injuries/*complications,Young Adult}, | |
| title = {{A joint latent class model for classifying severely hemorrhaging trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Rahbar, Mohammad H. and Ning, Jing and Choi, Sangbum and Piao, Jin and Hong, Chuan and Huang, Hanwen and Junco, Deborah J. del and Fox, Erin E. and Rahbar, Elaheh and Holcomb, John B.}, | |
| journal = {BMC Research Notes}, | |
| issn = {1756-0500}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13104-015-1563-4}, | |
| pmid = {26498438}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4620016}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26498438/}, | |
| abstract = {{In trauma research, “massive transfusion” (MT), historically defined as receiving ≥10 units of red blood cells (RBCs) within 24 h of admission, has been routinely used as a “gold standard” for quantifying bleeding severity. Due to early in-hospital mortality, however, MT is subject to survivor bias and thus a poorly defined criterion to classify bleeding trauma patients. Using the data from a retrospective trauma transfusion study, we applied a latent-class (LC) mixture model to identify severely hemorrhaging (SH) patients. Based on the joint distribution of cumulative units of RBCs and binary survival outcome at 24 h of admission, we applied an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain model parameters. Estimated posterior probabilities were used for patients’ classification and compared with the MT rule. To evaluate predictive performance of the LC-based classification, we examined the role of six clinical variables as predictors using two separate logistic regression models. Out of 471 trauma patients, 211 (45 \%) were MT, while our latent SH classifier identified only 127 (27 \%) of patients as SH. The agreement between the two classification methods was 73 \%. A non-ignorable portion of patients (17 out of 68, 25 \%) who died within 24 h were not classified as MT but the SH group included 62 patients (91 \%) who died during the same period. Our comparison of the predictive models based on MT and SH revealed significant differences between the coefficients of potential predictors of patients who may be in need of activation of the massive transfusion protocol. The traditional MT classification does not adequately reflect transfusion practices and outcomes during the trauma reception and initial resuscitation phase. Although we have demonstrated that joint latent class modeling could be used to correct for potential bias caused by misclassification of severely bleeding patients, improvement in this approach could be made in the presence of time to event data from prospective studies.}}, | |
| pages = {602}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {8}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Included"} | |
| } | |
| @article{S_2021_Social_psychiatry_and_psychiatric_epidemiology, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Sex Characteristics,Multiple Trauma}, | |
| title = {{Sex differences in experiences of multiple traumas and mental health problems in the UK Biobank cohort.}}, | |
| author = {E, Yapp and T, Booth and K, Davis and J, Coleman and LM, Howard and G, Breen and SL, Hatch and M, Hotopf and S, Oram}, | |
| journal = {Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology}, | |
| issn = {1433-9285}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33970300/}, | |
| abstract = {{PURPOSE: Experiences of reported trauma are common and are associated with a range of mental health problems. Sex differences in how reported traumas are experienced over the life course in relation to mental health require further exploration. METHODS: 157,358 participants contributed data for the UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ). Stratified Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to analyse combinations of reported traumatic experiences in males and females separately, and associations with mental health. RESULTS: In females, five trauma classes were identified: a low-risk class (58.6\%), a childhood trauma class (13.5\%), an intimate partner violence class (12.9\%), a sexual violence class (9.1\%), and a high-risk class (5.9\%). In males, a three-class solution was preferred: a low-risk class (72.6\%), a physical and emotional trauma class (21.9\%), and a sexual violence class (5.5\%). In comparison to the low-risk class in each sex, all trauma classes were associated with increased odds of current depression, anxiety, and hazardous/harmful alcohol use after adjustment for covariates. The high-risk class in females and the sexual violence class in males produced significantly increased odds for recent psychotic experiences. CONCLUSION: There are sex differences in how reported traumatic experiences co-occur across a lifespan, with females at the greatest risk. However, reporting either sexual violence or multiple types of trauma was associated with increased odds of mental health problems for both males and females. Findings emphasise the public mental health importance of identifying and responding to both men and women's experiences of trauma, including sexual violence.}}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: psych,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Infinite, | |
| title = {{Hierarchical Clustering: Applications, Advantages, and Disadvantages - Coding Infinite}}, | |
| author = {Infinite, Coding}, | |
| url = {https://codinginfinite.com/hierarchical-clustering-applications-advantages-and-disadvantages/}, | |
| urldate = {2024-02-28} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kain_2015_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Perioperative goal-directed therapy and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing high-risk abdominal surgery: a historical-prospective, comparative effectiveness study}}, | |
| author = {Cannesson, M and Ramsingh, D and Rinehart, J and Demirjian, A and Vu, T and Vakharia, S and Imagawa, D and Yu, Z and Greenfield, S and Kain, Z}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-015-0945-2}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION: Perioperative goal-directed therapy (PGDT) may improve postoperative outcome in high-risk surgery patients but its adoption has been slow. In 2012, we initiated a performance improvement (PI) project focusing on the implementation of PGDT during high-risk abdominal surgeries. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention. METHODS: This is a historical prospective quality improvement study. The goal of this initiative was to standardize the way fluid management and hemodynamic optimization are conducted during high-risk abdominal surgery in the Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery at the University of California Irvine. For fluid management, the protocol consisted in standardized baseline crystalloid administration of 3 ml/kg/hour and any additional boluses based on PGDT. The impact of the intervention was assessed on the length of stay in the hospital (LOS) and post-operative complications (NSQIP database). RESULTS: In the 1 year pre- and post-implementation periods, 128 and 202 patients were included. The average volume of fluid administered during the case was 9.9 (7.1-13.0) ml/kg/hour in the pre-implementation period and 6.6 (4.7-9.5) ml/kg/hour in the post-implementation period (p < 0.01). LOS decreased from 10 (6-16) days to 7 (5-11) days (p = 0.0001). Based on the multiple linear regression analysis, the estimated coefficient for intervention was 0.203 (SE = 0.054, p = 0.0002) indicating that, with the other conditions being held the same, introducing intervention reduced LOS by 18\% (95\% confidence interval 9-27\%). The incidence of NSQIP complications decreased from 39\% to 25\% (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the implementation of a PI program focusing on the implementation of PGDT can transform fluid administration patterns and improve postoperative outcome in patients undergoing high-risk abdominal surgeries. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02057653. Registered 17 December 2013.}}, | |
| pages = {261}, | |
| volume = {19}, | |
| note = {Cannesson, Maxime | |
| Ramsingh, Davinder | |
| Rinehart, Joseph | |
| Demirjian, Aram | |
| Vu, Trung | |
| Vakharia, Shermeen | |
| Imagawa, David | |
| Yu, Zhaoxia | |
| Greenfield, Sheldon | |
| Kain, Zeev | |
| eng | |
| Observational Study | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| England | |
| 2015/06/20 06:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2015 Jun 19;19:261. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0945-2.} | |
| } | |
| @techreport{RCN_my_rcn_org_uk, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| author = {RCN}, | |
| title = {{Measuring for quality in health and social care}}, | |
| url = {https://my.rcn.org.uk/\_\_data/assets/pdf\_file/0004/248872/003535.pdf}, | |
| institution = {RCN} | |
| } | |
| @article{Greenhalgh_1997_BMJ, | |
| year = {1997}, | |
| title = {{How to read a paper: The Medline database}}, | |
| author = {Greenhalgh, T}, | |
| journal = {BMJ}, | |
| issn = {0959-8138}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmj.315.7101.180}, | |
| pmid = {9251552}, | |
| pages = {180--183}, | |
| number = {7101}, | |
| volume = {315} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Dumovich_2022, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Trauma Physiology - Stat Pearls}}, | |
| author = {Dumovich, Jenna}, | |
| url = {https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30535}, | |
| urldate = {2023-01-18}, | |
| month = {9}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Physiology,%20Trauma%20-%20StatPearls%20-%20NCBI%20Bookshelf%20-%20www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_4.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Svedlund_2006_Nursing_in_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {framework,qual}, | |
| title = {{Triage in the emergency department – a qualitative study of the factors which nurses consider when making decisions}}, | |
| author = {Andersson, Anna Karin and Omberg, Monica and Svedlund, Marianne}, | |
| journal = {Nursing in Critical Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/j.1362-1017.2006.00162.x}, | |
| abstract = {{Triage, as a concept, is relatively new in Sweden and means ‘sorting’. The triage process was developed to grade patients who needed immediate care. Triage is currently important for the emergency treatment...}}, | |
| pages = {136 -- 145}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Altayyar_2014_Annals_of_internal_medicine, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Fluid resuscitation in sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis}}, | |
| author = {Rochwerg, Bram and Alhazzani, Waleed and Sindi, Anees and Heels-Ansdell, Diane and Thabane, Lehana and Fox-Robichaud, Alison and Mbuagbaw, Lawrence and Szczeklik, Wojciech and Alshamsi, Fayez and Altayyar, Sultan}, | |
| journal = {Annals of internal medicine}, | |
| pages = {347 -- 355}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {161} | |
| } | |
| @article{FCRA, | |
| title = {{Resuscitation with blood products in patients with trauma-related haemorrhagic shock receiving prehospital care (RePHILL): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial}}, | |
| author = {FCRA, Nicholas Crombie}, | |
| abstract = {{The Lancet Haematology, 13 (2022) . doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(22)00040-0}}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Resuscitation%20with%20blood%20products%20in%20patients%20with%20trauma-related%20haemorrhagic%20shock%20receiving%20prehospital%20care%20(RePHILL)%20a%20multicentre,%20open-label,%20randomised,%20controlled,%20phase%203%20trial.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{collaborators_2019_The_Lancet, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Effects of tranexamic acid on death, disability, vascular occlusive events and other morbidities in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial}}, | |
| author = {collaborators, The CRASH-3 trial}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet}, | |
| issn = {0140-6736}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32233-0}, | |
| pmid = {31623894}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and decreases mortality in patients with traumatic extracranial bleeding. Intracranial bleeding is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can cause brain herniation and death. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with TBI. Methods This randomised, placebo-controlled trial was done in 175 hospitals in 29 countries. Adults with TBI who were within 3 h of injury, had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 12 or lower or any intracranial bleeding on CT scan, and no major extracranial bleeding were eligible. The time window for eligibility was originally 8 h but in 2016 the protocol was changed to limit recruitment to patients within 3 h of injury. This change was made blind to the trial data, in response to external evidence suggesting that delayed treatment is unlikely to be effective. We randomly assigned (1:1) patients to receive tranexamic acid (loading dose 1 g over 10 min then infusion of 1 g over 8 h) or matching placebo. Patients were assigned by selecting a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was head injury-related death in hospital within 28 days of injury in patients treated within 3 h of injury. We prespecified a sensitivity analysis that excluded patients with a GCS score of 3 and those with bilateral unreactive pupils at baseline. All analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial was registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN15088122), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01402882), EudraCT (2011-003669-14), and the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR20121000441277). Results Between July 20, 2012, and Jan 31, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 737 patients with TBI to receive tranexamic acid (6406 [50·3\%] or placebo [6331 [49·7\%], of whom 9202 (72·2\%) patients were treated within 3 h of injury. Among patients treated within 3 h of injury, the risk of head injury-related death was 18·5\% in the tranexamic acid group versus 19·8\% in the placebo group (855 vs 892 events; risk ratio [RR] 0·94 [95\% CI 0·86–1·02]). In the prespecified sensitivity analysis that excluded patients with a GCS score of 3 or bilateral unreactive pupils at baseline, the risk of head injury-related death was 12·5\% in the tranexamic acid group versus 14·0\% in the placebo group (485 vs 525 events; RR 0·89 [95\% CI 0·80–1·00]). The risk of head injury-related death reduced with tranexamic acid in patients with mild-to-moderate head injury (RR 0·78 [95\% CI 0·64–0·95]) but not in patients with severe head injury (0·99 [95\% CI 0·91–1·07]; p value for heterogeneity 0·030). Early treatment was more effective than was later treatment in patients with mild and moderate head injury (p=0·005) but time to treatment had no obvious effect in patients with severe head injury (p=0·73). The risk of vascular occlusive events was similar in the tranexamic acid and placebo groups (RR 0·98 (0·74–1·28). The risk of seizures was also similar between groups (1·09 [95\% CI 0·90–1·33]). Interpretation Our results show that tranexamic acid is safe in patients with TBI and that treatment within 3 h of injury reduces head injury-related death. Patients should be treated as soon as possible after injury. Funding National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment, JP Moulton Charitable Trust, Department of Health and Social Care, Department for International Development, Global Challenges Research Fund, Medical Research Council, and Wellcome Trust (Joint Global Health Trials scheme). Translations For the Arabic, Chinese, French, Hindi, Japanese, Spanish and Urdu translations of the abstract see Supplementary Material.}} | |
| } | |
| @article{Molyneux_2003_Lancet, | |
| year = {2003}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Intravenous fluids for seriously ill children: time to reconsider}}, | |
| author = {Duke, Trevor and Molyneux, Elizabeth M}, | |
| journal = {Lancet}, | |
| abstract = {{Intravenous (iv) fluids are used for many sick and injured children. Such fluids generally used are 0.18\% or 0.2\% saline with 5\% dextrose. These fluids are often given at maintenance rates--100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg of bodyweight, 50 mlL/kg for the next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg for bodyweight exceeding 20 kg.[1] Some standard paediatric texts caution the need to modify maintenance requirements according to disease states, but this specification has been lost in some recent empirical recommendations: for example, WHO now suggests full maintenance fluids for the routine treatment of bacterial meningitis (albeit with a caution about cerebral oedema), with an emphasis on glucose but not sodium content.[2 ]This is partly based on concerns about dehydration, but there is no strong evidence that this advice is ideal.[3,4] Hypotonic iv fluids given at maintenance rates might be unsafe, especially in hospitals in developing countries where serum sodium concentration often cannot be measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] | |
| Copyright of Lancet is the property of Lancet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)}}, | |
| pages = {1320 -- 1323}, | |
| number = {9392}, | |
| volume = {362}, | |
| note = {Duke, Trevor; Molyneux, Elizabeth M.; Issue Info: 10/18/2003, Vol. 362 Issue 9392, p1320; Thesaurus Term: Medical care; Subject Term: Dehydration in children -- Treatment; Subject Term: Therapeutics -- Complications -- Prevention; Subject Term: Saline injections; Subject Term: Critically ill children; Subject Term: Septicemia; Subject Term: Fever; Subject Term: Fluids; Subject Term: Pediatrics; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3260} | |
| } | |
| @article{Tang_2019_Injury, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {Adult,Aged,80 and over,Biomechanical Phenomena,Female,Fracture Fixation,Intramedullary,Fracture Healing/*physiology,Hip Fractures/*classification/diagnostic imaging/pathology,Humans,*Image Interpretation,Computer-Assisted,*Imaging,Three-Dimensional,Male,Middle Aged,Pattern Recognition,Automated,Reproducibility of Results,Retrospective Studies,Subtraction Technique,Hip Fractures}, | |
| title = {{Clustering of morphological fracture lines for identifying intertrochanteric fracture classification with Hausdorff distance–based K-means approach}}, | |
| author = {Li, Jiantao and Tang, Shaojie and Zhang, Hao and Li, Zhirui and Deng, Wanyu and Zhao, Chen and Fan, Lianghui and Wang, Guoqi and Liu, Jianheng and Yin, Peng and Xu, Gaoxiang and Zhang, Licheng and Tang, Peifu}, | |
| journal = {Injury}, | |
| issn = {0020-1383}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2019.03.032}, | |
| pmid = {31003702}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31003702/}, | |
| abstract = {{Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a systematic three-dimensional (3D) classification of intertrochanteric fractures by clustering the morphological features of fracture lines using the Hausdorff distance–based K-means approach and assess the usefulness of it in the clinical setting. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 504 patients with intertrochanteric fractures who underwent closed reduction and intramedullary internal fixation. The morphological fracture lines of all patients extracted from computed tomography were transcribed freehand onto the template. All fracture lines were then clustered into five distinct types using the Hausdorff distance–based K-means clustering method. Five radiographic parameters and four functional parameters were used to evaluate the postoperative functional states and mobilization levels. Postoperative complications were also recorded. Results Intertrochanteric fractures were classified into five types: type I (108/504, 21.4\%), simple fracture with intact lateral femoral wall and greater trochanter fragment; type II (85/504, 16.9\%), simple fracture with intact lateral femoral wall with/without lesser trochanter detachment; type III (147/504, 29.2\%), fractures with intertrochanteric crest detachment involving the lesser trochanter and greater trochanter with an intact lateral femoral wall; type IV (113/504, 22.4\%), fractures with large intertrochanteric crest detachment and large lesser trochanter and greater trochanter detachment partially involving the lateral femoral wall and less medial cortical support; type V (51/504, 10.1\%), a combination of pertrochanteric and lateral fracture line involving the entire lateral femoral wall and lesser trochanter detachment. Parameters of femoral neck–shaft angle and sliding distance of the cephalic nail were significantly different among types. The complication rate generally increased from type I to type V (P = 0.035). Conclusions The unsupervised clustering can achieve identification of the type of intertrochanteric fractures with clinical significance. The Tang classification can be used to describe fracture morphology, predict the possibility of achieving stable reduction and the risk of complications following intramedullary fixation.}}, | |
| pages = {939--949}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {50}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: orth,k-mean,cluster | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @book{Bland, | |
| title = {{An Introduction to Medical Statistics}}, | |
| author = {Bland, Martin}, | |
| isbn = {9780199589920} | |
| } | |
| @article{Magder_2015_Curr_Opin_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Understanding central venous pressure: not a preload index?}}, | |
| author = {Magder, S}, | |
| journal = {Curr Opin Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/mcc.0000000000000238}, | |
| abstract = {{PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Critical care physicians frequently try to manipulate the preload of the heart to optimize cardiac function. There is, however, still debate as to what actually indicates the preload of the heart. RECENT FINDINGS: Although central venous pressure (CVP) is commonly used to estimate cardiac filling, it is often argued that it is a poor indicator of preload. This is likely true if one does not understand what preload is, principles of measurement with fluid filled systems, the effect of respiratory efforts on the measurement, the physiological determinants of CVP, and finally which point on the tracing to use as the estimate of the preload of the heart. When these are considered, however, the value of the CVP at the base of the 'c' wave gives a good indication of cardiac preload and a value which can be followed. SUMMARY: When properly measured CVP can be a useful guide to the filling status of the right ventricle. CVP is especially useful when followed over time and combined with a measurement of cardiac output. Importantly, preload is only one of the factors determining cardiac output and it must be integrated into a comprehensive approach that takes into account changes in cardiac function and the return of blood to the heart. Finally, the specific value of preload does not indicate volume responsiveness.}}, | |
| pages = {369 -- 375}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {21}, | |
| note = {Magder, Sheldon | |
| eng | |
| Review | |
| 2015/09/09 06:00 | |
| Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015 Oct;21(5):369-75. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000238.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Billiar_2020_JCI_Insight, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{A roadmap from single-cell transcriptome to patient classification for the immune response to trauma}}, | |
| author = {Chen, Tianmeng and Delano, Matthew J. and Chen, Kong and Sperry, Jason L. and Namas, Rami A. and Lamparello, Ashley J. and Deng, Meihong and Conroy, Julia and Moldawer, Lyle L. and Efron, Philip A. and Loughran, Patricia A. and Seymour, Christopher W. and Angus, Derek C. and Vodovotz, Yoram and Chen, Wei and Billiar, Timothy R.}, | |
| journal = {JCI Insight}, | |
| doi = {10.1172/jci.insight.145108}, | |
| pmid = {33320841}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC7934885}, | |
| abstract = {{Immune dysfunction is an important factor driving mortality and adverse outcomes after trauma but remains poorly understood, especially at cellular level. To deconvolute trauma-induced immune response, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to circulating and bone marrow mononuclear cells in injured mice and circulating mononuclear cells in trauma patients. In mice, the greatest changes in gene expression were seen in monocytes across both compartments. After systemic injury, the gene expression pattern of monocytes markedly deviated from steady state with corresponding changes in critical transcription factors (TFs), which can be traced back to myeloid progenitors. These changes were largely recapitulated in human single-cell analysis. We generalized the major changes in human CD14+ monocytes into six signatures, which further defined two trauma patient subtypes (SG1 vs. SG2) identified in the whole blood leukocyte transcriptome in the initial 12h after injury. Compared with SG2, SG1 patients exhibited delayed recovery, more severe organ dysfunction and a higher incidence of infection and non-infectious complications. The two patient subtypes were also recapitulated in burn and sepsis patients, revealing a shared pattern of immune response across critical illness. Our data will be broadly useful to further explore the immune response to inflammatory diseases and critical illness.}}, | |
| pages = {e145108}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {6} | |
| } | |
| @article{Fr_hlich_2014, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {not-clustering}, | |
| title = {{Epidemiology and risk factors of multiple-organ failure after multiple trauma}}, | |
| author = {Fröhlich, Matthias and Lefering, Rolf and Probst, Christian and Paffrath, Thomas and Schneider, Marco M and Maegele, Marc and Sakka, Samir G and Bouillon, Bertil and Wafaisade, Arasch and {NIS, Committee on Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care and Trauma Management of the German Trauma Society Sektion}}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000000199}, | |
| pmid = {24662853}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND In the severely injured who survive the early posttraumatic phase, multiple-organ failure (MOF) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. An enhanced prediction of MOF might influence individual monitoring and therapy of severely injured patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of a nationwide prospective database, the TraumaRegister DGU of the German Trauma Society. Patients with complete data sets (2002–2011) and a relevant trauma load (Injury Severity Score \[ISS\] ≥ 16), who were admitted to an intensive care unit, were included. RESULTS Of a total of 31,154 patients enclosed in this study, 10,201 (32.7\%) developed an MOF according to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. During the study period, mortality of all patients decreased from 18.1\% in 2002 to 15.3\% in 2011 (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, MOF occurred significantly more often (24.6\% in 2002 vs. 31.5\% in 2011, p < 0.001), but mortality of MOF patients decreased (42.6\% vs. 33.3\%, p < 0.001). MOF patients who died survived 2 days less (11 days in 2002 vs. 8.9 days in 2011, p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for the development of MOF following severe trauma were age, ISS, head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of 3 or higher, thoracic AIS score of 3 or higher, male sex, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 or less, mass transfusion, base excess of less than −3, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg at admission, and coagulopathy. CONCLUSION Over one decade, we observed an ongoing decrease of mortality after multiple trauma, accompanied by decreasing mortality in the subgroup with MOF. However, incidence of MOF in the severely injured increased significantly. Thus, MOF after multiple trauma remains a challenge in intensive care. The risk factors from multivariate analysis could be instrumental in anticipating the early development of MOF. Furthermore, a reliable prediction model might be supportive for patient enrolment in trauma studies, in which MOF marks the primary end point. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {921--928}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {76}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Fröhlich-Epidemiology%20and%20risk%20factors%20of%20multiple-organ%20failure%20after%20multiple%20trauma-2014-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery_3.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Zalewski_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| author = {King, Thomas and Butcher, Simon and {Zalewski, ACM and Lukasz}}, | |
| title = {{Apocrita - High Performance Computing Cluster for Queen Mary University of London}}, | |
| url = {http://docs.hpc.qmul.ac.uk}, | |
| address = {Queen Mary University London}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/King-Apocrita%20-%20High%20Performance%20Computing%20Cluster%20for%20Queen%20Mary%20University%20of%20London-2017-Queen%20Mary%20University%20of%20London%20-%20Technical%20Report.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Zirkle_2009_Bulletin_of_the_World_Health_Organization, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{Injuries: the neglected burden in developing countries}}, | |
| author = {Gosselin, Richard A and Spiegel, David A and Coughlin, Richard and Zirkle, Lewis G}, | |
| journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization}, | |
| issn = {0042-9686}, | |
| doi = {10.2471/blt.08.052290}, | |
| pmid = {19551225}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC2672580}, | |
| pages = {246--246}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {87}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Gosselin-Injuries-%20the%20neglected%20burden%20in%20developing%20countries-2009-Bulletin%20of%20the%20World%20Health%20Organization.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{2007_journals_plos_org, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {Observational,Research Methods}, | |
| title = {{Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration}}, | |
| author = {Schlesselman, J J and Egger, M and PLoS, Strobe Initiative and 2007}, | |
| journal = {journals.plos.org}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed}, | |
| abstract = {{Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical}} | |
| } | |
| @article{Harris_2014_American_Journal_of_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The agreement between abnormal venous lactate and arterial lactate in the ED: a retrospective chart review}}, | |
| author = {Bloom, Ben and Pott, Jason and Freund, Yonathan and Grundlingh, Johann and Harris, Tim}, | |
| journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2014.03.007}, | |
| abstract = {{American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Corrected proof. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2014.03.007}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 6}, | |
| month = {04} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gemmell_2006_Emerg_Med_J, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Validation of physiological scoring systems in the accident and emergency department}}, | |
| author = {Subbe, C. P. and Slater, A. and Menon, D. and Gemmell, L.}, | |
| journal = {Emerg Med J}, | |
| issn = {1472-0213 (Electronic) 1472-0205 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emj.2006.035816}, | |
| pmid = {17057134}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17057134}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: Scoring systems that weigh the degree of abnormality of bedside observations might be able to identify patients at risk of catastrophic deterioration. Objectives: To establish a frequency distribution for typical physiological scoring systems and to establish the potential benefit of adding these to an existing triage system in accident and emergency departments. Methods: Physiological data were collected from 53 unselected emergency department admissions, from 50 patients admitted from the emergency department to intensive care, and from 50 patients admitted from emergency department to general wards and then to intensive care. Three different physiological scores were calculated from the data. Identification of sick patients by the scores was compared with triage information from the Manchester Triage System (MTS). Results: Most patients admitted to the emergency department would not be identified as critically ill with the aid of physiological scoring systems. This was true even for patients who were admitted to intensive care. Only in 0–8\% of unselected patients did the scores indicate increased risk. In 100 patients admitted to the intensive care, adding of medical emergency team call-out criteria, Modified Early Warning Score or Assessment Score for Sick patient Identification and Step-up in Treatment would identify none, seven or one patient in addition to those triaged as orange and red by the MTS. Conclusions: Introduction of a physiological scoring system would have identified only a small number of additional patients as critically ill and added little to the triage system currently in use.}}, | |
| pages = {841--5}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {23} | |
| } | |
| @article{Musgrave_1990_Cancer_Nursing, | |
| year = {1990}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{To give or not to give intravenous fluids?}}, | |
| author = {Musgrave, Catherine F}, | |
| journal = {Cancer Nursing}, | |
| abstract = {{The question of whether or not to give intravenous fluids to cancer patients who are in the last stages of their illness is one that has become problematic to health professionals, particularly those working in terminal-care settings. This article attempts to give a better understanding of the subject by unraveling some of the issues involved. The different types of dehydration and the signs and symptoms that may be experienced by dying patients who are dehydrated are defined. Some of the beneficial effects, as well as the ill effects, that such dehydration may cause are delineated. An analysis is made of health professionals' attitudes to dehydration in dying cancer patients and the special ethical problems associated with the question. There is then a practical synthesis of these facts into the formation of guidelines to facilitate the decision-making process related to the initiation of parenteral fluids in dying patients, and a discussion on the law as it pertains to the treatment of dehydration in such patients. (C) Lippincott-Raven Publishers.}}, | |
| pages = {62 -- 66}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {13} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hasanin_2015_J_Intensive_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Fluid responsiveness in acute circulatory failure}}, | |
| author = {Hasanin, A}, | |
| journal = {J Intensive Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s40560-015-0117-0}, | |
| abstract = {{Although fluid resuscitation of patients having acute circulatory failure is essential, avoiding unnecessary administration of fluids in these patients is also important. Fluid responsiveness (FR) is defined as the ability of the left ventricle to increase its stroke volume (SV) in response to fluid administration. The objective of this review is to provide the recent advances in the detection of FR and simplify the physiological basis, advantages, disadvantages, and cut-off values for each method. This review also highlights the present gaps in literature and provides future thoughts in the field of FR. Static methods are generally not recommended for the assessment of FR. Dynamic methods for the assessment of FR depend on heart-lung interactions. Pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) are the most famous dynamic measures. Less-invasive dynamic parameters include plethysmographic-derived parameters, variation in blood flow in large arteries, and variation in the diameters of central veins. Dynamic methods for the assessment of FR have many limitations; the most important limitation is spontaneous breathing activity. Fluid challenge techniques were able to overcome most of the limitations of the dynamic methods. Passive leg raising is the most popular fluid challenge method. More simple techniques have been recently introduced such as the mini-fluid challenge and 10-s fluid challenge. The main limitation of fluid challenge techniques is the need to trace the effect of the fluid challenges on SV (or any of its derivatives) using a real-time monitor. More research is needed in the field of FR taking into consideration not only the accuracy of the method but also the ease of implementation, the applicability on a wider range of patients, the time needed to apply each method, and the feasibility of its application by acute care physicians with moderate and low experience.}}, | |
| pages = {50}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {3}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {Hasanin, Ahmed | |
| ENG | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2015/11/26 06:00 | |
| J Intensive Care. 2015 Nov 19;3:50. doi: 10.1186/s40560-015-0117-0. eCollection 2015.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Moons_2015_Annals_of_Internal_Medicine, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): The TRIPOD Statement}}, | |
| author = {Collins, Gary S and Reitsma, Johannes B and Altman, Douglas G and Moons, Karel G M}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Internal Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0003-4819}, | |
| doi = {10.7326/m14-0697}, | |
| pmid = {25560714}, | |
| abstract = {{Prediction models are developed to aid health care providers in estimating the probability or risk that a specific disease or condition is present (diagnostic models) or that a specific event will occur in the future (prognostic models), to inform their decision making. However, the overwhelming evidence shows that the quality of reporting of prediction model studies is poor. Only with full and clear reporting of information on all aspects of a prediction model can risk of bias and potential usefulness of prediction models be adequately assessed. The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) Initiative developed a set of recommendations for the reporting of studies developing, validating, or updating a prediction model, whether for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. This article describes how the TRIPOD Statement was developed. An extensive list of items based on a review of the literature was created, which was reduced after a Web-based survey and revised during a 3-day meeting in June 2011 with methodologists, health care professionals, and journal editors. The list was refined during several meetings of the steering group and in e-mail discussions with the wider group of TRIPOD contributors. The resulting TRIPOD Statement is a checklist of 22 items, deemed essential for transparent reporting of a prediction model study. The TRIPOD Statement aims to improve the transparency of the reporting of a prediction model study regardless of the study methods used. The TRIPOD Statement is best used in conjunction with the TRIPOD explanation and elaboration document. To aid the editorial process and readers of prediction model studies, it is recommended that authors include a completed checklist in their submission (also available at www.tripod-statement.org).}}, | |
| pages = {55--63}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {162}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Collins-Transparent%20Reporting%20of%20a%20multivariable%20prediction%20model%20for%20Individual%20Prognosis%20Or%20Diagnosis%20(TRIPOD)-%20The%20TRIPOD%20Statement-2015-Annals%20of%20Internal%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{2017ibn, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Venter, M., Rode, H., Sive, A., \& Visser, M. (2007). Enteral resuscitation and early enteral feeding in children with major burns—effect on McFarlane response to stress. Burns, 33(4), 464–471.}}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Newburger_2005_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon}}, | |
| author = {Almond, Christopher SD and Shin, Andrew Y and Fortescue, Elizabeth B and Mannix, Rebekah C and Wypij, David and Binstadt, Bryce A and Duncan, Christine N and Olson, David P and Salerno, Ann E and Newburger, Jane W}, | |
| journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, | |
| pages = {1550 -- 1556}, | |
| number = {15}, | |
| volume = {352} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brohi_2018_Frontiers_in_Immunology, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{Scavenging Circulating Mitochondrial DNA as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Trauma Hemorrhage}}, | |
| author = {Aswani, Andrew and Manson, Joanna and Itagaki, Kiyoshi and Chiazza, Fausto and Collino, Massimo and Wupeng, Winston Liao and Chan, Tze Khee and Wong, W. S. Fred and Hauser, Carl J. and Thiemermann, Chris and Brohi, Karim}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, | |
| issn = {1664-3224}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2018.00891}, | |
| pmid = {29867926}, | |
| abstract = {{Trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide with 5.8 million deaths occurring yearly. Almost 40\% of trauma deaths are due to bleeding and occur in the first few hours after injury. Of the remaining severely injured patients up to 25\% develop a dysregulated immune response leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Despite improvements in trauma care, the morbidity and mortality of this condition remains very high. Massive traumatic injury can overwhelm endogenous homeostatic mechanisms even with prompt treatment. The underlying mechanisms driving MODS are also not fully elucidated. As a result, successful therapies for trauma-related MODS are lacking. Trauma causes tissue damage that releases a large number of endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mitochondrial DAMPs released in trauma, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), could help to explain part of the immune response in trauma given the structural similarities between mitochondria and bacteria. MtDNA, like bacterial DNA, contains an abundance of highly stimulatory unmethylated CpG DNA motifs that signal through toll-like receptor-9 to produce inflammation. MtDNA has been shown to be highly damaging when injected into healthy animals causing acute organ injury to develop. Elevated circulating levels of mtDNA have been reported in trauma patients but an association with clinically meaningful outcomes has not been established in a large cohort. We aimed to determine whether mtDNA released after clinical trauma hemorrhage is sufficient for the development of MODS. Secondly, we aimed to determine the extent of mtDNA release with varying degrees of tissue injury and hemorrhagic shock in a clinically relevant rodent model. Our final aim was to determine whether neutralizing mtDNA with the nucleic acid scavenging polymer, hexadimethrine bromide (HDMBr), at a clinically relevant time point in vivo would reduce the severity of organ injury in this model. Conclusions: We have shown that the release of mtDNA is sufficient for the development of multiple organ injury. MtDNA concentrations likely peak at different points in the early postinjury phase dependent on the degree of isolated trauma vs combined trauma and hemorrhagic shock. HDMBr scavenging of circulating mtDNA (and nuclear DNA, nDNA) is associated with rescue from severe multiple organ injury in the animal model. This suggests that HDMBr could have utility in rescue from human trauma-induced MODS.}}, | |
| pages = {891}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Aswani-Scavenging%20Circulating%20Mitochondrial%20DNA%20as%20a%20Potential%20Therapeutic%20Option%20for%20Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20in%20Trauma%20Hemorrhage-2018-Frontiers%20in%20Immunology.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Korthuis_2017_Comprehensive_Physiology, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{Ischemia/Reperfusion}}, | |
| author = {Kalogeris, Theodore and Baines, Christopher P. and Krenz, Maike and Korthuis, Ronald J.}, | |
| journal = {Comprehensive Physiology}, | |
| issn = {2040-4603}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/j.2040-4603.2017.tb00741.x}, | |
| abstract = {{Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase‐dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen‐starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no‐reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end‐effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113‐170, 2017.}}, | |
| pages = {113--170}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {7}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Kalogeris-Ischemia-Reperfusion-2017-Comprehensive%20Physiology_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vorwerk_2009_Emerg_Med_J, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{MEWS: predicts hospital admission and mortality in emergency department patients}}, | |
| author = {Vorwerk, C.}, | |
| journal = {Emerg Med J}, | |
| issn = {1472-0213 (Electronic) 1472-0205 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emj.2008.069062}, | |
| pmid = {19465637}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465637}, | |
| pages = {466}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {26} | |
| } | |
| @article{H_2021_The_Lancet__Respiratory_medicine, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Phenotype,Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Adult}, | |
| title = {{Identification of phenotypes in paediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a latent class analysis.}}, | |
| author = {MK, Dahmer and G, Yang and M, Zhang and MW, Quasney and A, Sapru and HM, Weeks and P, Sinha and MAQ, Curley and KL, Delucchi and CS, Calfee and H, Flori}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine}, | |
| issn = {2213-2619}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883088/}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Previous latent class analysis of adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) identified two phenotypes, distinguished by the degree of inflammation. We aimed to identify phenotypes in children with ARDS in whom developmental differences might be important, using a latent class analysis approach similar to that used in adults. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data aggregated from the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure (RESTORE) clinical trial and the Genetic Variation and Biomarkers in Children with Acute Lung Injury (BALI) ancillary study. We used latent class analysis, which included demographic, clinical, and plasma biomarker variables, to identify paediatric ARDS (PARDS) phenotypes within a cohort of children included in the RESTORE and BALI studies. The association of phenotypes with clinically relevant outcomes and the performance of paediatric data in adult ARDS classification algorithms were also assessed. FINDINGS: 304 children with PARDS were included in this secondary analysis. Using latent class analysis, a two-class model was a better fit for the cohort than a one-class model (p<0·001). Latent class analysis identified two classes: class 1 (181 [60\%] of 304 patients with PARDS) and class 2 (123 [40\%] of 304 patients with PARDS), referred to as phenotype 1 and 2 hereafter. Phenotype 2 was characterised by higher concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, a higher incidence of vasopressor use, and more frequent diagnosis of sepsis, consistent with the adult hyperinflammatory phenotype. All levels of severity of PARDS were observed across both phenotypes. Children with the hyperinflammatory phenotype (phenotype 2) had worse clinical outcomes than those with the hypoinflammatory phenotype (phenotype 1), with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (median 10·0 days [IQR 6·3-21·0] for phenotype 2 vs 6·6 days [4·1-10·8] for phenotype 1, p<0·0001), and higher incidence of mortality (17 [13·8\%] of 123 patients vs four [2·2\%] of 181 patients, p=0·0001). When using adult phenotype classification algorithms in children, the soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFr1), vasopressor use, and interleukin (IL)-6 variables gave an area under the curve (AUC) of 0·956, and the sTNFr1, vasopressor use, and IL-8 variables gave an AUC of 0·954, compared with the gold standard of latent class analysis. INTERPRETATION: Latent class analysis identified two phenotypes in children with ARDS with characteristics similar to those in adults, including worse outcomes among patients with the hyperinflammatory phenotype. PARDS phenotypes should be considered in design and analysis of future clinical trials in children. FUNDING: US National Institutes of Health.}}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: ARDS,paeds,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brohi_2014_PLoS_ONE, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Health Outcome after Major Trauma: What Are We Measuring?}}, | |
| author = {Hoffman, Karen and Cole, Elaine and Playford, E. Diane and Grill, Eva and Soberg, Helene L. and Brohi, Karim}, | |
| journal = {PLoS ONE}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0103082}, | |
| pmid = {25051353}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4106876}, | |
| abstract = {{Trauma is a global disease and is among the leading causes of disability in the world. The importance of outcome beyond trauma survival has been recognised over the last decade. Despite this there is no internationally agreed approach for assessment of health outcome and rehabilitation of trauma patients. To systematically examine to what extent outcomes measures evaluate health outcomes in patients with major trauma. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL (from 2006–2012) were searched for studies evaluating health outcome after traumatic injuries. Studies of adult patients with injuries involving at least two body areas or organ systems were included. Information on study design, outcome measures used, sample size and outcomes were extracted. The World Health Organisation International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) were used to evaluate to what extent outcome measures captured health impacts. 34 studies from 755 studies were included in the review. 38 outcome measures were identified. 21 outcome measures were used only once and only five were used in three or more studies. Only 6\% of all possible health impacts were captured. Concepts related to activity and participation were the most represented but still only captured 12\% of all possible concepts in this domain. Measures performed very poorly in capturing concepts related to body function (5\%), functional activities (11\%) and environmental factors (2\%). Outcome measures used in major trauma capture only a small proportion of health impacts. There is no inclusive classification for measuring disability or health outcome following trauma. The ICF may provide a useful framework for the development of a comprehensive health outcome measure for trauma care.}}, | |
| pages = {e103082}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Hoffman-Health%20Outcome%20after%20Major%20Trauma-%20What%20Are%20We%20Measuring--2014-PLoS%20ONE_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rexhepi_2009_World_Journal_of_Emergency_Surgerydab, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{Evaluation of trauma care using TRISS method: the role of adjusted misclassification rate and adjusted w-statistic}}, | |
| author = {Llullaku, Sadik S and Hyseni, Nexhmi Sh and Bytyçi, Cen I and Rexhepi, Sylejman K}, | |
| journal = {World Journal of Emergency Surgery}, | |
| issn = {1749-7922}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1749-7922-4-2}, | |
| pmid = {19146701}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC2633290}, | |
| abstract = {{Major trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide. Evaluation of trauma care using Trauma Injury and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) method is focused in trauma outcome (deaths and survivors). For testing TRISS method TRISS misclassification rate is used. Calculating w-statistic, as a difference between observed and TRISS expected survivors, we compare our trauma care results with the TRISS standard. The aim of this study is to analyze interaction between misclassification rate and w-statistic and to adjust these parameters to be closer to the truth. Analysis of components of TRISS misclassification rate and w-statistic and actual trauma outcome. The component of false negative (FN) (by TRISS method unexpected deaths) has two parts: preventable (Pd) and non-preventable (nonPd) trauma deaths. Pd represents inappropriate trauma care of an institution; otherwise nonpreventable trauma deaths represents errors in TRISS method. Removing patients with preventable trauma deaths we get an Adjusted misclassification rate: (FP + FN - Pd)/N or (b+c-Pd)/N. Substracting nonPd from FN value in w-statistic formula we get an Adjusted w-statistic: [FP-(FN - nonPd)]/N, respectively (FP-Pd)/N, or (b-Pd)/N). Because adjusted formulas clean method from inappropriate trauma care, and clean trauma care from the methods error, TRISS adjusted misclassification rate and adjusted w-statistic gives more realistic results and may be used in researches of trauma outcome.}}, | |
| pages = {2}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {4} | |
| } | |
| @article{JW_2021_Risk_management_and_healthcare_policy, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Bone Density,Rotator Cuff,Tears,Rotation,Health Care Costs}, | |
| title = {{Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Clinical Features, Bone Mineral Density Features and Medical Care Costs of Rotator Cuff Tears.}}, | |
| author = {TF, Wang and DS, Chen and JW, Zhu and B, Zhu and ZL, Wang and JG, Cao and CH, Feng and JW, Zhao}, | |
| journal = {Risk management and healthcare policy}, | |
| issn = {1179-1594}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34588829/}, | |
| abstract = {{PURPOSE: We aim to present unsupervised machine learning-based analysis of clinical features, bone mineral density (BMD) features, and medical care costs of Rotator cuff tears (RCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients with RCT were reviewed, the clinical features, BMD features, and medical care costs were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Furtherly, unsupervised machine learning (UML) algorithm was used for dimensionality reduction and cluster analysis of the RCT data. RESULTS: There were 26 males and 27 females. The patients were divided into four subgroups using the UML algorithm. There were significant differences among four subgroups regarding trauma exposure, full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears, infraspinatus tendon tear, subscapularis tendon tear, BMD distribution, medial row anchors, lateral row anchors, total medical care costs, and consumables costs. We observed the highest frequency of trauma exposure, infraspinatus tendon tear, subscapularis tendon tear, osteoporosis, the highest number of medial row anchors, lateral row anchors, total medical care costs, and consumables costs in subgroup II. CONCLUSION: The unsupervised machine learning-based analysis of RCT can provide clinically meaningful classification, which shows good interpretability and contribute to a better understanding of RCT. The significance of the results is limited due to the small number of samples, a larger follow-up study is needed to confirm the encouraging results.}}, | |
| pages = {3977--3986}, | |
| volume = {14}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: cluster,unsupervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Moore_2000_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2000}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Tissue hemoglobin O2 saturation during resuscitation of traumatic shock monitored using near infrared spectrometry}}, | |
| author = {McKinley, Bruce A and Marvin, Robert G and Cocanour, Christine S and Moore, Frederick A}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| pages = {637 -- 642}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {48} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hoek_2010_Environmental_Health_Perspectives, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| title = {{Do the Health Benefits of Cycling Outweigh the Risks?}}, | |
| author = {Hartog, Jeroen Johan de and Boogaard, Hanna and Nijland, Hans and Hoek, Gerard}, | |
| journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives}, | |
| issn = {0091-6765}, | |
| doi = {10.1289/ehp.0901747}, | |
| pmid = {20587380}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC2920084}, | |
| abstract = {{Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions, decreased greenhouse gas emissions, and increased levels of physical activity, shifts in individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollution and risk of a traffic accident may prevail. We describe whether the health benefits from the increased physical activity of a modal shift for urban commutes outweigh the health risks. We have summarized the literature for air pollution, traffic accidents, and physical activity using systematic reviews supplemented with recent key studies. We quantified the impact on all-cause mortality when 500,000 people would make a transition from car to bicycle for short trips on a daily basis in the Netherlands. We have expressed mortality impacts in life-years gained or lost, using life table calculations. For individuals who shift from car to bicycle, we estimated that beneficial effects of increased physical activity are substantially larger (3–14 months gained) than the potential mortality effect of increased inhaled air pollution doses (0.8–40 days lost) and the increase in traffic accidents (5–9 days lost). Societal benefits are even larger because of a modest reduction in air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and traffic accidents. On average, the estimated health benefits of cycling were substantially larger than the risks relative to car driving for individuals shifting their mode of transport.}}, | |
| pages = {1109--1116}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {118} | |
| } | |
| @article{Coats_2018_EClinicalMedicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Changing the System - Major Trauma Patients and Their Outcomes in the NHS (England) 2008–17}}, | |
| author = {Moran, Christopher G. and Lecky, Fiona and Bouamra, Omar and Lawrence, Tom and Edwards, Antoinette and Woodford, Maralyn and Willett, Keith and Coats, Timothy J.}, | |
| journal = {EClinicalMedicine}, | |
| issn = {2589-5370}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.07.001}, | |
| pmid = {31193723}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6537569}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Trauma care in England was re-organised in 2012 with ambulance bypass of local hospitals to newly designated Major Trauma Centres (MTCs). There is still controversy about the optimal way to organise health series for patients suffering severe injury. Methods A longitudinal series of annual cross-sectional studies of care process and outcomes from April 2008 to March 2017. Data was collected through the national clinical audit of major trauma care. The primary analysis was carried out on the 110,863 patients admitted to 35 hospitals that were ‘consistent submitters’ throughout the study period. The main outcome was longitudinal analysis of risk adjusted survival. Findings Major Trauma networks were associated with significant changes in (1) patient flow (with increased numbers treated in Major Trauma Centres), (2) treatment systems (more consultant led care and more rapid imaging), (3) patient factors (an increase in older trauma), and (4) clinical care (new massive transfusion policies and use of tranexamic acid). There were 10,247 (9.2\%) deaths in the 110,863 patients with an ISS of 9 or more. There were no changes in unadjusted mortality. The analysis of trends in risk adjusted survival for study hospitals shows a 19\% (95\% CI 3\%–36\%) increase in the case mix adjusted odds of survival from severe injury over the 9-year study period. Interrupted time series analysis showed a significant positive change in the slope after the intervention time point of April 2012 (+0.08\% excess survivors per quarter, p = 0.023), in other words an increase of 0.08 more survivors per 100 patients every quarter. Interpretation A whole system national change was associated with significant improvements in both the care process and outcomes of patients after severe injury. Funding This analysis was carried out independently and did not receive funding. The data collection for the national clinical audit was funded by subscriptions from participating hospitals.}}, | |
| pages = {13--21}, | |
| volume = {2} | |
| } | |
| @misc{ac_els_cdn_com, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| url = {https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0001457516303359/1-s2.0-S0001457516303359-main.pdf?\_tid=422cbc68-d67a-11e7-83f4-00000aab0f02\&acdnat=1512120812\_70efd79512c2a33e6b899ab1fc87caa7}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Featherstone_2013_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{The ability of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) to discriminate patients at risk of early cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission, and death}}, | |
| author = {Smith, G. B. and Prytherch, D. R. and Meredith, P. and Schmidt, P. E. and Featherstone, P. I.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.12.016}, | |
| pmid = {23295778}, | |
| url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23295778}, | |
| abstract = {{ Introduction Early warning scores (EWS) are recommended as part of the early recognition and response to patient deterioration. The Royal College of Physicians recommends the use of a National Early Warning Score (NEWS) for the routine clinical assessment of all adult patients. Methods We tested the ability of NEWS to discriminate patients at risk of cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death within 24h of a NEWS value and compared its performance to that of 33 other EWSs currently in use, using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve and a large vital signs database (n =198,755 observation sets) collected from 35,585 consecutive, completed acute medical admissions. Results The AUROCs (95\% CI) for NEWS for cardiac arrest, unanticipated ICU admission, death, and any of the outcomes, all within 24h, were 0.722 (0.685–0.759), 0.857 (0.847–0.868), 0.894 (0.887–0.902), and 0.873 (0.866–0.879), respectively. Similarly, the ranges of AUROCs (95\% CI) for the other 33 EWSs were 0.611 (0.568–0.654) to 0.710 (0.675–0.745) (cardiac arrest); 0.570 (0.553–0.568) to 0.827 (0.814–0.840) (unanticipated ICU admission); 0.813 (0.802–0.824) to 0.858 (0.849–0.867) (death); and 0.736 (0.727–0.745) to 0.834 (0.826–0.842) (any outcome). Conclusions NEWS has a greater ability to discriminate patients at risk of the combined outcome of cardiac arrest, unanticipated ICU admission or death within 24h of a NEWS value than 33 other EWSs.}}, | |
| pages = {465--70}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {84} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kraft_2010_Nutrition_in_Clinical_Practice, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Critical Illness, Gastrointestinal Complications, and Medication Therapy during Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Adult Patients}}, | |
| author = {Btaiche, Imad F and Chan, Lingtak-Neander and Pleva, Melissa and Kraft, Michael D}, | |
| journal = {Nutrition in Clinical Practice}, | |
| doi = {10.1177/0884533609357565}, | |
| pages = {32 -- 49}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {25}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {02} | |
| } | |
| @article{Group_2016_Braz_J_Anesthesiol, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Intraoperative goal directed hemodynamic therapy in noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis}}, | |
| author = {Ripolles, J and Espinosa, A and Martinez-Hurtado, E and Abad-Gurumeta, A and Casans-Frances, R and Fernandez-Perez, C and Lopez-Timoneda, F and Calvo-Vecino, J M and Group, E A R}, | |
| journal = {Braz J Anesthesiol}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.bjane.2015.02.001}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: The goal directed hemodynamic therapy is an approach focused on the use of cardiac output and related parameters as end-points for fluids and drugs to optimize tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. Primary aim: To determine the effects of intraoperative goal directed hemodynamic therapy on postoperative complications rates. METHODS: A meta-analysis was carried out of the effects of goal directed hemodynamic therapy in adult noncardiac surgery on postoperative complications and mortality using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. A systematic search was performed in Medline PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (last update, October 2014). Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials in which intraoperative goal directed hemodynamic therapy was compared to conventional fluid management in noncardiac surgery. Exclusion criteria were trauma and pediatric surgery studies and that using pulmonary artery catheter. End-points were postoperative complications (primary) and mortality (secondary). Those studies that fulfilled the entry criteria were examined in full and subjected to quantifiable analysis, predefined subgroup analysis (stratified by type of monitor, therapy, and hemodynamic goal), and predefined sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: 51 RCTs were initially identified, 24 fulfilling the inclusion criteria. 5 randomized clinical trials were added by manual search, resulting in 29 randomized clinical trials in the final analysis, including 2654 patients. A significant reduction in complications for goal directed hemodynamic therapy was observed (RR: 0.70, 95\% CI: 0.62-0.79, p<0.001). No significant decrease in mortality was achieved (RR: 0.76, 95\% CI: 0.45-1.28, p=0.30). Quality sensitive analyses confirmed the main overall results. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative goal directed hemodynamic therapy with minimally invasive monitoring decreases postoperative complications in noncardiac surgery, although it was not able to show a significant decrease in mortality rate.}}, | |
| pages = {513 -- 528}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {66}, | |
| note = {Ripolles, Javier | |
| Espinosa, Angel | |
| Martinez-Hurtado, Eugenio | |
| Abad-Gurumeta, Alfredo | |
| Casans-Frances, Ruben | |
| Fernandez-Perez, Cristina | |
| Lopez-Timoneda, Francisco | |
| Calvo-Vecino, Jose Maria | |
| (Evidence Anestesia Review Group) | |
| ENG | |
| Brazil | |
| 2016/09/04 06:00 | |
| Braz J Anesthesiol. 2016 Sep-Oct;66(5):513-28. doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Sep 14.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wickham_2010_Journal_of_Computational_and_Graphical_Statistics, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| title = {{A Layered Grammar of Graphics}}, | |
| author = {Wickham, Hadley}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics}, | |
| issn = {1061-8600}, | |
| doi = {10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098}, | |
| pages = {3--28}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {19} | |
| } | |
| @article{Leenen_2014_European_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Emergency_Surgery, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{The effect of evolving trauma care on the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Wessem, K. J. P. van and Leenen, L. P. H.}, | |
| journal = {European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery}, | |
| issn = {1863-9933}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00068-014-0392-9}, | |
| pmid = {26815892}, | |
| abstract = {{Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is still a major threat to polytrauma patients, since sepsis-related organ failure is the most common cause of late mortality in these patients. In this article, the development of trauma surgery and evolution of trauma care from early total care to damage control surgery is discussed. Increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of trauma has enabled us to identify the inflammatory response induced by trauma. By understanding the pathophysiology, we may be able to fully comprehend the origin of multiple organ dysfunction related sepsis. Further, it is important to appreciate the influence of surgery on the inflammatory response induced by trauma, and subsequently on the development of inflammatory complications. It is crucial to offer the polytrauma patient the appropriate type of surgery at the right time to prevent further deterioration. MODS is still highly lethal, and once it has developed it is difficult to treat, so it is vital to be able to predict its occurrence. If we knew how to predict MODS, we might be able to develop strategies to prevent this syndrome.}}, | |
| pages = {127--134}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {40} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sands_2017_The_Gerontologist, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Unmet Need for Help With Activities of Daily Living Disabilities and Emergency Department Admissions Among Older Medicare Recipients.}}, | |
| author = {Hass, Zach and DePalma, Glen and Craig, Bruce A and Xu, Huiping and Sands, Laura P}, | |
| journal = {The Gerontologist}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/geront/gnv142}, | |
| abstract = {{Purpose of the Study:This study determined whether self-reports of unmet need for help with activities of daily living (ADL) disabilities are prognostic of emergency department (ED) utilization. | |
| Design and Methods:This prospective cohort study of 2,194 community-living, ADL-disabled subjects combined 2004 National Long-Term Care Survey responses with linked Medicare data through 2005. A negative binomial count model was computed to assess the association between unmet ADL need and number of subsequent ED admissions while statistically adjusting for predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics associated with ED admissions among older adults. | |
| Results:The adjusted annual incidence rate (IR) for ED admissions was 19\% higher for unmet versus met need (IR = 1.19; 95\% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.40; p = .047). The IR for ED admissions for falls and injuries was higher for those with unmet ADL versus met ADL need (IR = 1.43; 95\% CI = 1.10-1.86), and trended toward significance for ED admissions for skin breakdown (IR = 2.02; 95\% CI = 0.97-2.88), but was not significant for ED admissions for dehydration (IR = 1.13; 95\% CI= 0.79-1.63). | |
| Implications:Unmet ADL need is prognostic of ED admissions, especially for falls and injuries. Future research is needed to determine whether resolution of unmet ADL need reduces ED utilization.}}, | |
| pages = {206 -- 210}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {57}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {04} | |
| } | |
| @article{Arntfield_2016_J_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Development of a fluid resuscitation protocol using inferior vena cava and lung ultrasound}}, | |
| author = {Lee, C W and Kory, P D and Arntfield, R T}, | |
| journal = {J Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.09.016}, | |
| abstract = {{Appropriate fluid resuscitation has been a major focus of critical care medicine since its inception. Currently, the most accurate method to guide fluid administration decisions uses "dynamic" measures that estimate the change in cardiac output that would occur in response to a fluid bolus. Unfortunately, their use remains limited due to required technical expertise, costly equipment, or applicability in only a subset of patients. Alternatively, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become widely used as a tool to help clinicians prescribe fluid therapy. Common POCUS applications that serve as guides to fluid administration rely on assessments of the inferior vena cava to estimate preload and lung ultrasound to identify the early presence of extravascular lung water and avoid fluid overresuscitation. Although application of these POCUS measures has multiple limitations that are commonly misunderstood, current evidence suggests that they can be used in combination to sort patients among 3 fluid management categories: (1) fluid resuscitate, (2) fluid test, and (3) fluid restrict. This article reviews the pertinent literature describing the use of inferior vena cava and lung ultrasound for fluid responsiveness and presents an evidence-informed algorithm using these measures to guide fluid resuscitation decisions in the critically ill.}}, | |
| pages = {96 -- 100}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {31}, | |
| note = {Lee, Christopher W C | |
| Kory, Pierre D | |
| Arntfield, Robert T | |
| eng | |
| Review | |
| 2015/10/18 06:00 | |
| J Crit Care. 2016 Feb;31(1):96-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.09.016. Epub 2015 Sep 25.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Collaboration_2022_Journal_of_Neurosurgery, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Rescue therapy for vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a propensity score–matched analysis with machine learning}}, | |
| author = {Martini, Michael L and Neifert, Sean N and Shuman, William H and Chapman, Emily K and Schüpper, Alexander J and Oermann, Eric K and Mocco, J and Todd, Michael and Torner, James C and Molyneux, Andrew and Mayer, Stephan and Roux, Peter Le and Vergouwen, Mervyn D I and Rinkel, Gabriel J E and Wong, George K C and Kirkpatrick, Peter and Quinn, Audrey and Hänggi, Daniel and Etminan, Nima and Bergh, Walter M van den and Jaja, Blessing N R and Cusimano, Michael and Schweizer, Tom A and Suarez, Jose I and Fukuda, Hitoshi and Yamagata, Sen and Lo, Benjamin and Manoel, Airton Leonardo de Oliveira and Boogaarts, Hieronymus D and Macdonald, R Loch and Collaboration, SAHIT}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery}, | |
| issn = {0022-3085}, | |
| doi = {10.3171/2020.12.jns203778}, | |
| pmid = {34214980}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE Rescue therapies have been recommended for patients with angiographic vasospasm (aVSP) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, there is little evidence from randomized clinical trials that these therapies are safe and effective. The primary aim of this study was to apply game theory–based methods in explainable machine learning (ML) and propensity score matching to determine if rescue therapy was associated with better 3-month outcomes following post-SAH aVSP and DCI. The authors also sought to use these explainable ML methods to identify patient populations that were more likely to receive rescue therapy and factors associated with better outcomes after rescue therapy. METHODS Data for patients with aVSP or DCI after SAH were obtained from 8 clinical trials and 1 observational study in the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists repository. Gradient boosting ML models were constructed for each patient to predict the probability of receiving rescue therapy and the 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. Favorable outcome was defined as a 3-month GOS score of 4 or 5. Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values were calculated for each patient-derived model to quantify feature importance and interaction effects. Variables with high SHAP importance in predicting rescue therapy administration were used in a propensity score–matched analysis of rescue therapy and 3-month GOS scores. RESULTS The authors identified 1532 patients with aVSP or DCI. Predictive, explainable ML models revealed that aneurysm characteristics and neurological complications, but not admission neurological scores, carried the highest relative importance rankings in predicting whether rescue therapy was administered. Younger age and absence of cerebral ischemia/infarction were invariably linked to better rescue outcomes, whereas the other important predictors of outcome varied by rescue type (interventional or noninterventional). In a propensity score–matched analysis guided by SHAP-based variable selection, rescue therapy was associated with higher odds of 3-month GOS scores of 4–5 (OR 1.63, 95\% CI 1.22–2.17). CONCLUSIONS Rescue therapy may increase the odds of good outcome in patients with aVSP or DCI after SAH. Given the strong association between cerebral ischemia/infarction and poor outcome, trials focusing on preventative or therapeutic interventions in these patients may be most able to demonstrate improvements in clinical outcomes. Insights developed from these models may be helpful for improving patient selection and trial design.}}, | |
| pages = {134--147}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {136} | |
| } | |
| @article{Tompkins_2015_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Genomics of injury}}, | |
| author = {Tompkins, Ronald G.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000000568}, | |
| pmid = {25742245}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4389222}, | |
| pages = {671--686}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {78} | |
| } | |
| @book{Skene_2015, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Our work - Celebrating the clinical research nurse 2015}}, | |
| author = {Pott, J and Bellhouse, G and Skene, Imogen}, | |
| url = {https://www.researchgate.net/}, | |
| urldate = {0}, | |
| month = {06} | |
| } | |
| @article{MPH_2018_American_Journal_of_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {cap-ai}, | |
| title = {{How artificial intelligence could transform emergency department operations}}, | |
| author = {BA, Yosef Berlyand and MPH, Ali S Raja MD MBA and MSc, Stephen C Dorner MD MPH and MBA, Anand M Prabhakar MD and MD, Jonathan D Sonis and MD, Ravi V Gottumukkala and MD, Marc David Succi and MPH, Brian J Yun MD MBA}, | |
| journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.017}, | |
| abstract = {{American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Corrected proof. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.017}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 3}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Y_2021_Journal_of_the_American_Medical_Informatics_Association___JAMIA, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {*COVID-19,Cluster Analysis,Humans,Machine Learning,ROC Curve,SARS-CoV-2}, | |
| title = {{Deep significance clustering: a novel approach for identifying risk-stratified and predictive patient subgroups.}}, | |
| author = {Y, Huang and Y, Liu and PAD, Steel and KM, Axsom and JR, Lee and SL, Tummalapalli and F, Wang and J, Pathak and L, Subramanian and Y, Zhang}, | |
| journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA}, | |
| issn = {1527-974X}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34571540/}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE: Deep significance clustering (DICE) is a self-supervised learning framework. DICE identifies clinically similar and risk-stratified subgroups that neither unsupervised clustering algorithms nor supervised risk prediction algorithms alone are guaranteed to generate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enabled by an optimization process that enforces statistical significance between the outcome and subgroup membership, DICE jointly trains 3 components, representation learning, clustering, and outcome prediction while providing interpretability to the deep representations. DICE also allows unseen patients to be predicted into trained subgroups for population-level risk stratification. We evaluated DICE using electronic health record datasets derived from 2 urban hospitals. Outcomes and patient cohorts used include discharge disposition to home among heart failure (HF) patients and acute kidney injury among COVID-19 (Cov-AKI) patients, respectively. RESULTS: Compared to baseline approaches including principal component analysis, DICE demonstrated superior performance in the cluster purity metrics: Silhouette score (0.48 for HF, 0.51 for Cov-AKI), Calinski-Harabasz index (212 for HF, 254 for Cov-AKI), and Davies-Bouldin index (0.86 for HF, 0.66 for Cov-AKI), and prediction metric: area under the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.83 for HF, 0.78 for Cov-AKI). Clinical evaluation of DICE-generated subgroups revealed more meaningful distributions of member characteristics across subgroups, and higher risk ratios between subgroups. Furthermore, DICE-generated subgroup membership alone was moderately predictive of outcomes. DISCUSSION: DICE addresses a gap in current machine learning approaches where predicted risk may not lead directly to actionable clinical steps. CONCLUSION: DICE demonstrated the potential to apply in heterogeneous populations, where having the same quantitative risk does not equate with having a similar clinical profile.}}, | |
| pages = {2641--2653}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {28}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: cluster purity metric,Deep significance clustering | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population,background article} | |
| } | |
| @article{Forni_2007_Br_J_Anaesth, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Worthing physiological scoring system: derivation and validation of a physiological early-warning system for medical admissions. An observational, population-based single-centre study}}, | |
| author = {Duckitt, R. W. and Buxton-Thomas, R. and Walker, J. and Cheek, E. and Bewick, V. and Venn, R. and Forni, L. G.}, | |
| journal = {Br J Anaesth}, | |
| issn = {0007-0912 (Print) 0007-0912}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/bja/aem097}, | |
| pmid = {17470844}, | |
| pages = {769--74}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {98} | |
| } | |
| @article{Aggarwal_2018, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Neural Networks and Deep Learning, A Textbook}}, | |
| author = {Aggarwal, Charu C.}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-94463-0}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2018_Book_NeuralNetworksAndDeepLearning.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{O_Brien_2013_Journal_of_Intensive_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {fluid balance}, | |
| title = {{Fluid Resuscitation in Septic Shock}}, | |
| author = {Sadaka, Farid and Juarez, Mayrol and Naydenov, Soophia and O’Brien, Jacklyn}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Intensive Care Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1177/0885066613478899}, | |
| abstract = {{Purpose: To determine whether progressively increasing fluid balance after initial fluid resuscitation for septic shock is associated with increased mortality.Methods: A retrospective review of the use of intravenous fluids in patients with septic shock in a large university affiliated hospital with 56 medical–surgical intensive care unit beds. We analyzed the data of 350 patients with septic shock who were managed according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Based on net fluid balance at 24 hours, we examined the results of increase in positive fluid balance on the risk of in-hospital mortality. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the amount of fluid balance by 24 hours, based on 6-L aliquots.Results: At 24 hours, the average fluid balance was +6.5 L. After correcting for age and sequential organ failure assessment score, a more positive fluid balance at 24 hours significantly increased the risk of in-hospital mortality. Using Cox proportional hazard analysis, excess 12-, 18-, and 24-L...}}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {02} | |
| } | |
| @article{Jacqmin_Gadda_2007_Statistics_in_Medicine, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| title = {{A nonlinear latent class model for joint analysis of multivariate longitudinal data and a binary outcome}}, | |
| author = {Proust‐Lima, Cécile and Letenneur, Luc and Jacqmin‐Gadda, Hélène}, | |
| journal = {Statistics in Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1097-0258}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/sim.2659}, | |
| pmid = {16900568}, | |
| abstract = {{We consider a joint model for exploring association between several correlated longitudinal markers and a clinical event. A nonlinear growth mixture model exhibits the different latent classes of evolution of the latent quantity underlying the correlated longitudinal markers and a logistic regression models the probability of occurence of the clinical event according to the latent classes. By introducing a flexible nonlinear transformation including parameters to be estimated between each marker and the latent process, the model also deals with non-Gaussian continuous markers. Through an application on cognitive ageing, the two advantages of the model are underlined: (1) the latent profiles of evolution associated with the clinical event are described including covariate effects in the longitudinal model but also in the probability of class membership and in the probability of occurence of the event, and (2) a diagnostic and a prognostic tools are derived from the model for early detection of the clinical event using any available information about the longitudinal markers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}}, | |
| pages = {2229--2245}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {26}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Proust‐Lima-A%20nonlinear%20latent%20class%20model%20for%20joint%20analysis%20of%20multivariate%20longitudinal%20data%20and%20a%20binary%20outcome-2007-Statistics%20in%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brakenridge_2016_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{Sex-based differences in the genomic response, innate immunity, organ dysfunction, and clinical outcomes after severe blunt traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock}}, | |
| author = {Lopez, Maria-Cecilia and Efron, Philip A and Ozrazgat-Baslanti, Tezcan and Zhang, Jianyi and Cuschieri, Joseph and Maier, Ronald V and Minei, Joseph P and Baker, Henry V and Moore, Frederick A and Moldawer, Lyle L and Brakenridge, Scott C}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000001113}, | |
| pmid = {27306446}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC5001949}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION The effect of sex on posttraumatic pathophysiology and outcomes after severe traumatic injury remains debated. We sought to determine the relationship of sex to the genomic and inflammatory responses, and clinical outcomes after hemorrhagic shock. METHODS We analyzed blunt trauma patients in hemorrhagic shock from a prospective multi-institutional cohort study to assess for sex-based differences in the genomic response and clinical outcomes. Serially drawn blood samples were analyzed to evaluate peripheral leukocyte genomewide expression and circulating inflammatory mediators at intervals between 0.5 and 28 days after injury. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to assess the effect of sex on outcomes after controlling for age, injury and shock severity, blood transfusion, and comorbidities. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 1,285 (67\%) male and 643 (33\%) female blunt trauma patients. Injury and shock severity were similar between the two groups. There were small but statistically significant differences between males and females regarding their age, body mass index, and 12-hour blood and crystalloid administration. Organ failure was more severe in males, with slower recovery (9.0 vs. 6.5 days) in males compared to females (p < 0.01). However, there were no differences between males and females in plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1\&bgr;, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Multivariate analysis revealed that sex was not a significant independent risk factor for complicated recovery or 28-day mortality. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 333 genes with significant differential expression patterns between males and females (FDR, <0.001), including genes associated with general inflammation, innate immunity, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. None of the former genes were directly associated with sex hormones or X\/Y chromosomes. CONCLUSION There are sex-specific differences in the leukocyte genomic response to severe injury that are associated with more robust and longer-duration organ dysfunction. However, these expression patterns do not seem to be associated with sex-linked genes or circulating cytokine level differences, and do not translate to worsened sex-specific organ failure outcomes or inpatient mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic\/epidemiologic study, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {478--485}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {81}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Lopez-Sex-based%20differences%20in%20the%20genomic%20response,%20innate%20immunity,%20organ%20dysfunction,%20and%20clinical%20outcomes%20after%20severe%20blunt%20traumatic%20injury%20and%20hemorrhagic%20shock-2016-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Volk_1994_Update_in_Intensive_Care_and_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {1994}, | |
| keywords = {citation in Bone}, | |
| title = {{Sepsis, Current Perspectives in Pathophysiology and Therapy}}, | |
| author = {Döcke, W. D. and Syrbe, U. and Meinecke, A. and Platzer, C. and Makki, A. and Asadullah, K. and Klug, C. and Zuckermann, H. and Reinke, P. and Brunner, H. and Baehr, R. von and Volk, H. D.}, | |
| journal = {Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0933-6788}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-85036-3\_38}, | |
| abstract = {{Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that has become increasingly important in the last decades. Despite modern intensive care and antibiotic treatment, mortality of sepsis is high, ranging from 30\%–40\% in patients without shock and up to 70\% in patients with septic shock [1]. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed for this life threatening complication.}}, | |
| pages = {473--500} | |
| } | |
| @article{MacKinnon_2020_Frontiers_in_Neurology, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| keywords = {Stroke}, | |
| title = {{Quantifying the Impact of Chronic Ischemic Injury on Clinical Outcomes in Acute Stroke With Machine Learning}}, | |
| author = {Mah, Yee-Haur and Nachev, Parashkev and MacKinnon, Andrew D.}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, | |
| issn = {1664-2295}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/fneur.2020.00015}, | |
| pmid = {32038472}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6992664}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32038472/}, | |
| abstract = {{Acute stroke is often superimposed on chronic damage from previous cerebrovascular events. This background will inevitably modulate the impact of acute injury on clinical outcomes to an extent that will depend on the precise anatomical pattern of damage. Previous attempts to quantify such modulation have employed only reductive models that ignore anatomical detail. The combination of automated image processing, large-scale data, and machine learning now enables us to quantify the impact of this with high-dimensional multivariate models sensitive to individual variations in the detailed anatomical pattern. We introduce and validate a new automated chronic lesion segmentation routine for use with non-contrast CT brain scans, combining non-parametric outlier-detection score, Zeta, with an unsupervised 3-dimensional maximum-flow, minimum-cut algorithm. The routine was then applied to a dataset of 1,704 stroke patient scans, obtained at their presentation to a hyper-acute stroke unit (St George's Hospital, London, UK), and used to train a support vector machine (SVM) model to predict between low (0–2) and high (3–6) pre-admission and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, quantifying performance by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). In this single center retrospective observational study, our SVM models were able to differentiate between low (0–2) and high (3–6) pre-admission and discharge mRS scores with an AUROC of 0.77 (95\% confidence interval of 0.74–0.79), and 0.76 (0.74–0.78), respectively. The chronic lesion segmentation routine achieved a mean (standard deviation) sensitivity, specificity and Dice similarity coefficient of 0.746 (0.069), 0.999 (0.001), and 0.717 (0.091), respectively. We have demonstrated that machine learning models capable of capturing the high-dimensional features of chronic injuries are able to stratify patients—at the time of presentation—by pre-admission and discharge mRS scores. Our fully automated chronic stroke lesion segmentation routine simplifies this process, and utilizes routinely collected CT head scans, thereby facilitating future large-scale studies to develop supportive clinical decision tools.}}, | |
| pages = {15}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: ml,svm,supervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong study design}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Mah-Quantifying%20the%20Impact%20of%20Chronic%20Ischemic%20Injury%20on%20Clinical%20Outcomes%20in%20Acute%20Stroke%20With%20Machine%20Learning-2020-Frontiers%20in%20Neurology.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Coppola_2022, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Pediatric Surgery, Diagnosis and Treatment}}, | |
| author = {Walters, Bryan S and Steinhilber, Emily E and Coppola, Christopher P}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-96542-6\_10}, | |
| abstract = {{Trauma is the leading cause of death for children. It is the prime reason for years of life lost and medical costs in the care of children.Homicide and suicide are more common causes of death for teenagers.Abuse is often a lethal disease for infants.Head injury mixed with another traumatic injury results in an increased chance of death.Males are more likely than females to have injuries involving higher energy transfer, while less likely to use protective devices. They are also more likely to be injured deliberately.Unintentional falls are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries. Trauma is the leading cause of death for children. It is the prime reason for years of life lost and medical costs in the care of children. Homicide and suicide are more common causes of death for teenagers. Abuse is often a lethal disease for infants. Head injury mixed with another traumatic injury results in an increased chance of death. Males are more likely than females to have injuries involving higher energy transfer, while less likely to use protective devices. They are also more likely to be injured deliberately. Unintentional falls are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries.}}, | |
| pages = {101--106} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ong, | |
| title = {{Mathematics for Machine Learning}}, | |
| author = {Deisenroth, Marc Peter and Faisal, A. Aldo and Ong, Cheng Soon}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Mathematics%20for%20Machine%20Learning.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Song_2017_Korean_Journal_of_Neurotrauma, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| title = {{Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Bicycle-Related Severe Head Injury: A Single Center Experience}}, | |
| author = {Park, Jun Chul and Chang, In Bok and Ahn, Jun Hyong and Kim, Ji Hee and Oh, Jae Keun and Song, Joon Ho}, | |
| journal = {Korean Journal of Neurotrauma}, | |
| doi = {10.13004/kjnt.2017.13.2.90}, | |
| pages = {90 -- 6}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {13}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Marsh_2014_JOURNAL_OF_BIOMEDICAL_INFORMATICS, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {cap-ai}, | |
| title = {{Combining data and meta-analysis to build Bayesian networks for clinical decision support}}, | |
| author = {Yet, Barbaros and Perkins, Zane B and Rasmussen, Todd E and Tai, Nigel R M and Marsh, D William R}, | |
| journal = {JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2014.07.018}, | |
| abstract = {{Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 52 (2014) 373-385. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2014.07.018}}, | |
| pages = {373 -- 385}, | |
| number = {C}, | |
| volume = {52}, | |
| month = {12} | |
| } | |
| @article{Guo_2020_Evaluation_and_Program_Planning, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Latent class analysis risk profiles: An effective method to predict a first re-report of maltreatment?}}, | |
| author = {Kim, Hyunil and Jonson-Reid, Melissa and Kohl, Patricia and Chiang, Chien-jen and Drake, Brett and Brown, Derek and McBride, Tim and Guo, Shenyang}, | |
| journal = {Evaluation and Program Planning}, | |
| issn = {0149-7189}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2020.101792}, | |
| pmid = {32062468}, | |
| abstract = {{Recurrence of child maltreatment is a significant concern causing substantial individual, family and societal cost. Variable-based approaches to identifying targets for intervention may not reflect the reality that families may experience multiple co-occurring risks. An alternative approach was tested using baseline data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW) I and II to develop Latent Class Analysis models of family risk classes using variables derived from prior studies of re-reporting. The samples were collected approximately 10 years apart offering a chance to test how the approach might be impacted by demographic or policy shifts. The association between baseline classes and later re-reports was tested using both samples. A two-class model of high versus low presence of baseline risk resulted that was strongly associated with later likelihood of re-report and results were relatively stable across the two studies. Person-centered approaches may hold promise in the early identification of families that require a more comprehensive array of supports to prevent re-reports of maltreatment.}}, | |
| pages = {101792}, | |
| volume = {80} | |
| } | |
| @article{2010_journalofnursingstudies_com, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {framework,qual}, | |
| title = {{Person-centred interactions between nurses and patients during medication activities in an acute hospital setting: qualitative observation and interview study}}, | |
| author = {Bolster, D and nursing, E Manias International journal of and 2010}, | |
| journal = {journalofnursingstudies.com}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.05.021}, | |
| abstract = {{Abstract Background There is increasing emphasis on person-centred care within the literature and the health care context. It is suggested that a person-centred approach to medication activities has the potential to improve patient experiences and outcomes. Objectives This study set out to examine how nurses and patients interact with each other during medication activities in an acute care environment with an underlying philosophy of person-centred care. Design A qualitative approach was used comprising naturalistic}} | |
| } | |
| @article{3l, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2017\_Bookmatter\_RoboticsVisionAndControl(1).pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Green_2014_Journal_of_Clinical_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Latent class analysis was accurate but sensitive in data simulations}}, | |
| author = {Green, Michael J.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology}, | |
| issn = {0895-4356}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.05.005}, | |
| pmid = {24954741}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4164912}, | |
| abstract = {{ObjectivesLatent class methods are increasingly being used in analysis of developmental trajectories. A recent simulation study by Twisk and Hoekstra (2012) suggested caution in use of these methods because they failed to accurately identify developmental patterns that had been artificially imposed on a real data set. This article tests whether existing developmental patterns within the data set used might have obscured the imposed patterns.Study Design and SettingData were simulated to match the latent class pattern in the previous article, but with varying levels of randomly generated variance, rather than variance carried over from a real data set. Latent class analysis (LCA) was then used to see if the latent class structure could be accurately identified.ResultsLCA performed very well at identifying the simulated latent class structure, even when the level of variance was similar to that reported in the previous study, although misclassification began to be more problematic with considerably higher levels of variance.ConclusionThe failure of LCA to replicate the imposed patterns in the previous study may have been because it was sensitive enough to detect residual patterns of population heterogeneity within the altered data. LCA performs well at classifying developmental trajectories.}}, | |
| pages = {1157--1162}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {67}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Green-Latent%20class%20analysis%20was%20accurate%20but%20sensitive%20in%20data%20simulations-2014-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{B_ez_2019, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in older and young adult trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Baez, Amado Alejandro}, | |
| journal = {International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science}, | |
| issn = {2229-5151}, | |
| doi = {10.4103/ijciis.ijciis\_56\_18}, | |
| pmid = {30989064}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6423931}, | |
| abstract = {{We sought out to determine the correlation between the injury severity score (ISS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) between severely injured young adults (18–54 years) and elderly (>55 years) patients. This was a cross-sectional observational study. We included all adult cases (>18 years) diagnosed with trauma defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. For significance testing, Chi-square test and odds ratio were used. Severe injuries were defined by an ISS >15. The presence of MODS was based on the definitions proposed by society for critical care medicine. A total of 469 young and 173 elderly patients were included in the study. Among the 469 young adults, 193 had ISS >15, whereas out of the 173 elderly patients, 88 had an ISS >15. Severely injured young and elderly groups were more likely to develop MODS compared with those with an ISS <15 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The elderly had a higher likelihood of developing MODS (P < 0.001; odds ratio: 5.17; 95\% confidence interval: 2.74–9.80). This study demonstrated a direct relationship between an ISS >15 and the development of MODS. We also observed a five-fold increase in the development of MODS among severely injured elderly patients.}}, | |
| pages = {21--24}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Baez-Development%20of%20multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20syndrome%20in%20older%20and%20young%20adult%20trauma%20patients-2019-International%20Journal%20of%20Critical%20Illness%20and%20Injury%20Science.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{du9, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2014\_Book\_BayesianEssentialsWithR.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2014_Book_BayesianEssentialsWithR.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Celi_2022_The_Journals_of_Gerontology__Series_A, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Clinically Interpretable Machine Learning Models for Early Prediction of Mortality in Older Patients with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: An International Multicenter Retrospective Study}}, | |
| author = {Liu, Xiaoli and DuMontier, Clark and Hu, Pan and Liu, Chao and Yeung, Wesley and Mao, Zhi and Ho, Vanda and Thoral, Patrick J and Kuo, Po-Chih and Hu, Jie and Li, Deyu and Cao, Desen and Mark, Roger G and Zhou, FeiHu and Zhang, Zhengbo and Celi, Leo Anthony}, | |
| journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series A}, | |
| issn = {1079-5006}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/gerona/glac107}, | |
| pmid = {35657011}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC10061561}, | |
| abstract = {{Abstract Background Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is associated with a high risk of mortality among older patients. Current severity scores are limited in their ability to assist clinicians with triage and management decisions. We aim to develop mortality prediction models for older patients with MODS admitted to the ICU. Methods The study analyzed older patients from 197 hospitals in the United States and 1 hospital in the Netherlands. The cohort was divided into the young-old (65–80 years) and old-old (≥80 years), which were separately used to develop and evaluate models including internal, external, and temporal validation. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory measurements, and treatments were used as predictors. We used the XGBoost algorithm to train models, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to interpret predictions. Results Thirty-four thousand four hundred and ninety-seven young-old (11.3\% mortality) and 21 330 old-old (15.7\% mortality) patients were analyzed. Discrimination AUROC of internal validation models in 9 046 U.S. patients was as follows: 0.87 and 0.82, respectively; discrimination of external validation models in 1 905 EUR patients was as follows: 0.86 and 0.85, respectively; and discrimination of temporal validation models in 8 690 U.S. patients: 0.85 and 0.78, respectively. These models outperformed standard clinical scores like Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Acute Physiology Score III. The Glasgow Coma Scale, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Code Status emerged as top predictors of mortality. Conclusions Our models integrate data spanning physiologic and geriatric-relevant variables that outperform existing scores used in older adults with MODS, which represents a proof of concept of how machine learning can streamline data analysis for busy ICU clinicians to potentially optimize prognostication and decision making.}}, | |
| pages = {718--726}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {78} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Thorlby_2018_health_org_uk, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Briefing: Emergency hospital admissions in England: which may be avoidable and how?}}, | |
| author = {Steventon, Adam and Deeny, Sarah and Friebel, Rocco and Gardner, Tim and Thorlby, Ruth}, | |
| url = {https://www.health.org.uk/sites/health/files/Briefing\_Emergency\%20admissions\_web\_final.pdf}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Buchman_2009_Am_J_Gastroenterol, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral rehydration solutions in non-cholera diarrhea: a review}}, | |
| author = {Atia, A N and Buchman, A L}, | |
| journal = {Am J Gastroenterol}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/ajg.2009.329}, | |
| abstract = {{The use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) has revolutionized the management of acute diarrhea. The implementation of the standard World Health Organization ORS (WHO-ORS) has resulted in decreased mortality associated with acute diarrheal illnesses in children, although in general stool volume and diarrhea durations are not reduced. Decreased morbidity and mortality have occurred because of improved hydration status. Decreased morbidity has also been described in adults who used this therapy. Various modifications to the standard ORS have been derived. These modifications have included hypo-osmolar or hyperosmolar solutions, use of rice-based ORS, zinc supplementation, and the use of amino acids, including glycine, alanine, and glutamine. Some of these variations have been successful, some have not, and others are still under investigation. ORS has been used for travelers' diarrhea and to decrease intravenous (IV) fluid requirements in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who require parenteral nutrition (PN). This paper reviews the standard WHO-ORS and its mechanism of action, followed by more contemporary reduced osmolarity ORS and rice-based ORS in non-cholera diarrhea. Various modifications to improve ORS are also discussed.}}, | |
| pages = {2596 -- 604- quiz 2605}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {104}, | |
| note = {Atia, Antwan N | |
| Buchman, Alan L | |
| eng | |
| Review | |
| 2009/06/25 09:00 | |
| Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Oct;104(10):2596-604; quiz 2605. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.329. Epub 2009 Jun 23.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brohi_2009_Journal_of_the_Royal_Army_Medical_Corps, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Trauma Induced Coagulopathy}}, | |
| author = {Brohi, K}, | |
| journal = {Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/jramc-155-04-15}, | |
| url = {https://www.researchgate.net/}, | |
| pages = {320 -- 322}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {155}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {12}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Brohi-Trauma%20Induced%20Coagulopathy-2009-Journal%20of%20the%20Royal%20Army%20Medical%20Corps.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Jim_nez_Mej_as_2016_Injury_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Gender and age differences in components of traffic-related pedestrian death rates: exposure, risk of crash and fatality rate}}, | |
| author = {Onieva-García, María Ángeles and Martínez-Ruiz, Virginia and Lardelli-Claret, Pablo and Jiménez-Moleón, José Juan and Amezcua-Prieto, Carmen and Luna-del-Castillo, Juan de Dios and Jiménez-Mejías, Eladio}, | |
| journal = {Injury Epidemiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s40621-016-0079-2}, | |
| abstract = {{Injury Epidemiology, 2016, doi:10.1186/s40621-016-0079-2}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 10}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bendjelid_2018_PLoS_One, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Feature selection for the accurate prediction of septic and cardiogenic shock ICU mortality in the acute phase.}}, | |
| author = {Aushev, Alexander and Ripoll, Vicent Ribas and Vellido, Alfredo and Aletti, Federico and Pinto, Bernardo Bollen and Herpain, Antoine and Post, Emiel Hendrik and Medina, Eduardo Romay and Ferrer, Ricard and Baselli, Giuseppe and Bendjelid, Karim}, | |
| journal = {PLoS One}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0199089}, | |
| abstract = {{Circulatory shock is a life-threatening disease that accounts for around one-third of all admissions to intensive care units (ICU). It requires immediate treatment, which is why the development of tools for planning therapeutic interventions is required to deal with shock in the critical care environment. In this study, the ShockOmics European project original database is used to extract attributes capable of predicting mortality due to shock in the ICU. Missing data imputation techniques and machine learning models were used, followed by feature selection from different data subsets. Selected features were later used to build Bayesian Networks, revealing causal relationships between features and ICU outcome. The main result is a subset of predictive features that includes well-known indicators such as the SOFA and APACHE II scores, but also less commonly considered ones related to cardiovascular function assessed through echocardiograpy or shock treatment with pressors. Importantly, certain selected features are shown to be most predictive at certain time-steps. This means that, as shock progresses, different attributes could be prioritized. Clinical traits obtained at 24h. from ICU admission are shown to accurately predict cardiogenic and septic shock mortality, suggesting that relevant life-saving decisions could be made shortly after ICU admission.}}, | |
| editor = {Mortazavi, Bobak}, | |
| pages = {e0199089}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {13}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Fraser_2022_Injury, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Pediatric severe traumatic brain injury mortality prediction determined with machine learning-based modeling}}, | |
| author = {Daley, Mark and Cameron, Saoirse and Ganesan, Saptharishi Lalgudi and Patel, Maitray A. and Stewart, Tanya Charyk and Miller, Michael R. and Alharfi, Ibrahim and Fraser, Douglas D.}, | |
| journal = {Injury}, | |
| issn = {0020-1383}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2022.01.008}, | |
| pmid = {35034778}, | |
| abstract = {{Introduction Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a leading cause of mortality in children. As clinical prognostication is important in guiding optimal care and decision making, our goal was to create a highly discriminative sTBI outcome prediction model for mortality. Methods Machine learning and advanced analytics were applied to the patient admission variables obtained from a comprehensive pediatric sTBI database. Demographic and clinical data, head CT imaging abnormalities and blood biochemical data from 196 children and adolescents admitted to a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with sTBI were integrated using feature ranking by way of a forest of randomized decision trees, and a model was generated from a reduced number of admission variables with maximal ability to discriminate outcome. Results In total, 36 admission variables were analyzed using feature ranking with variable weighting to determine their predictive importance for mortality following sTBI. Reduction analysis utilizing Borata feature selection resulted in a parsimonious six-variable model with a mortality classification accuracy of 82\%. The final admission variables that predicted mortality were: partial thromboplastin time (22\%); motor Glasgow Coma Scale (21\%); serum glucose (16\%); fixed pupil(s) (16\%); platelet count (13\%) and creatinine (12\%). Using only these six admission variables, a t-distributed stochastic nearest neighbor embedding algorithm plot demonstrated visual separation of sTBI patients that lived or died, with high mortality predictive ability of this model on the validation dataset (AUC = 0.90) which was confirmed with a conventional area-under-the-curve statistical approach on the total dataset (AUC = 0.91; P < 0.001). Conclusions Machine learning-based modeling identified the most clinically important prognostic factors resulting in a pragmatic, high performing prognostic tool for pediatric sTBI with excellent discriminative ability to predict mortality risk with 82\% classification accuracy (AUC = 0.90). After external multicenter validation, our prognostic model might help to guide treatment decisions, aggressiveness of therapy and prepare family members and caregivers for timely end-of-life discussions and decision making. Level of evidence III; Prognostic.}}, | |
| pages = {992--998}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {53} | |
| } | |
| @article{Soiffer_2016_Blood, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| keywords = {RCT,MODS,Treatment}, | |
| title = {{Phase 3 trial of defibrotide for the treatment of severe veno-occlusive disease and multi-organ failure}}, | |
| author = {Richardson, Paul G. and Riches, Marcie L. and Kernan, Nancy A. and Brochstein, Joel A. and Mineishi, Shin and Termuhlen, Amanda M. and Arai, Sally and Grupp, Stephan A. and Guinan, Eva C. and Martin, Paul L. and Steinbach, Gideon and Krishnan, Amrita and Nemecek, Eneida R. and Giralt, Sergio and Rodriguez, Tulio and Duerst, Reggie and Doyle, John and Antin, Joseph H. and Smith, Angela and Lehmann, Leslie and Champlin, Richard and Gillio, Alfred and Bajwa, Rajinder and Sr, Ralph B. D’Agostino and Massaro, Joseph and Warren, Diane and Miloslavsky, Maja and Hume, Robin L. and Iacobelli, Massimo and Nejadnik, Bijan and Hannah, Alison L. and Soiffer, Robert J.}, | |
| journal = {Blood}, | |
| issn = {0006-4971}, | |
| doi = {10.1182/blood-2015-10-676924}, | |
| pmid = {26825712}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4817309}, | |
| abstract = {{ Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also called sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a potentially life-threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Untreated hepatic VOD/SOS with multi-organ failure (MOF) is associated with >80\% mortality. Defibrotide has shown promising efficacy treating hepatic VOD/SOS with MOF in phase 2 studies. This phase 3 study investigated safety and efficacy of defibrotide in patients with established hepatic VOD/SOS and advanced MOF. Patients (n = 102) given defibrotide 25 mg/kg per day were compared with 32 historical controls identified out of 6867 medical charts of HSCT patients by blinded independent reviewers. Baseline characteristics between groups were well balanced. The primary endpoint was survival at day +100 post-HSCT; observed rates equaled 38.2\% in the defibrotide group and 25\% in the controls (23\% estimated difference; 95.1\% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-40.8; P = .0109, using a propensity-adjusted analysis). Observed day +100 complete response (CR) rates equaled 25.5\% for defibrotide and 12.5\% for controls (19\% difference using similar methodology; 95.1\% CI, 3.5-34.6; P = .0160). Defibrotide was generally well tolerated with manageable toxicity. Related adverse events (AEs) included hemorrhage or hypotension; incidence of common hemorrhagic AEs (including pulmonary alveolar [11.8\% and 15.6\%] and gastrointestinal bleeding [7.8\% and 9.4\%]) was similar between the defibrotide and control groups, respectively. Defibrotide was associated with significant improvement in day +100 survival and CR rate. The historical-control methodology offers a novel, meaningful approach for phase 3 evaluation of orphan diseases associated with high mortality. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as \#NCT00358501.}}, | |
| pages = {1656--1665}, | |
| number = {13}, | |
| volume = {127} | |
| } | |
| @article{Group_2011_N_Engl_J_Med, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection.}}, | |
| author = {Maitland, Kathryn and Kiguli, Sarah and Opoka, Robert O and Engoru, Charles and Olupot-Olupot, Peter and Akech, Samuel O and Nyeko, Richard and Mtove, George and Reyburn, Hugh and Lang, Trudie and Brent, Bernadette and Evans, Jennifer A and Tibenderana, James K and Crawley, Jane and Russell, Elizabeth C and Levin, Michael and Babiker, Abdel G and Gibb, Diana M and Group, FEAST Trial}, | |
| journal = {N Engl J Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1056/nejmoa1101549}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND:The role of fluid resuscitation in the treatment of children with shock and life-threatening infections who live in resource-limited settings is not established. | |
| METHODS:We randomly assigned children with severe febrile illness and impaired perfusion to receive boluses of 20 to 40 ml of 5\% albumin solution (albumin-bolus group) or 0.9\% saline solution (saline-bolus group) per kilogram of body weight or no bolus (control group) at the time of admission to a hospital in Uganda, Kenya, or Tanzania (stratum A); children with severe hypotension were randomly assigned to one of the bolus groups only (stratum B). All children received appropriate antimicrobial treatment, intravenous maintenance fluids, and supportive care, according to guidelines. Children with malnutrition or gastroenteritis were excluded. The primary end point was 48-hour mortality; secondary end points included pulmonary edema, increased intracranial pressure, and mortality or neurologic sequelae at 4 weeks. | |
| RESULTS:The data and safety monitoring committee recommended halting recruitment after 3141 of the projected 3600 children in stratum A were enrolled. Malaria status (57\% overall) and clinical severity were similar across groups. The 48-hour mortality was 10.6\% (111 of 1050 children), 10.5\% (110 of 1047 children), and 7.3\% (76 of 1044 children) in the albumin-bolus, saline-bolus, and control groups, respectively (relative risk for saline bolus vs. control, 1.44; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.90; P=0.01; relative risk for albumin bolus vs. saline bolus, 1.01; 95\% CI, 0.78 to 1.29; P=0.96; and relative risk for any bolus vs. control, 1.45; 95\% CI, 1.13 to 1.86; P=0.003). The 4-week mortality was 12.2\%, 12.0\%, and 8.7\% in the three groups, respectively (P=0.004 for the comparison of bolus with control). Neurologic sequelae occurred in 2.2\%, 1.9\%, and 2.0\% of the children in the respective groups (P=0.92), and pulmonary edema or increased intracranial pressure occurred in 2.6\%, 2.2\%, and 1.7\% (P=0.17), respectively. In stratum B, 69\% of the children (9 of 13) in the albumin-bolus group and 56\% (9 of 16) in the saline-bolus group died (P=0.45). The results were consistent across centers and across subgroups according to the severity of shock and status with respect to malaria, coma, sepsis, acidosis, and severe anemia. | |
| CONCLUSIONS:Fluid boluses significantly increased 48-hour mortality in critically ill children with impaired perfusion in these resource-limited settings in Africa. (Funded by the Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; FEAST Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN69856593.).}}, | |
| pages = {2483 -- 2495}, | |
| number = {26}, | |
| volume = {364}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {06} | |
| } | |
| @article{Forni_2016_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Acute kidney injury: short-term and long-term effects}}, | |
| author = {Doyle, J. F. and Forni, L. G.}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| issn = {1466-609X (Electronic) 1364-8535 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-016-1353-y}, | |
| pmid = {27373891}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4931701}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27373891}, | |
| abstract = {{Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common cause of organ dysfunction in critically ill adults, with a single episode of AKI, regardless of stage, carrying a significant morbidity and mortality risk. Since the consensus on AKI nomenclature has been reached, data reflecting outcomes have become more apparent allowing investigation of both short- and long-term outcomes. Classically the short-term effects of AKI can be thought of as those reflecting an acute deterioration in renal function per se. However, the effects of AKI, especially with regard to distant organ function (“organ cross-talk”), are being elucidated as is the increased susceptibility to other conditions. With regards to the long-term effects, the consideration that outcome is a simple binary endpoint of dialysis or not, or survival or not, is overly simplistic, with the reality being much more complex. Also discussed are currently available treatment strategies to mitigate these adverse effects, as they have the potential to improve patient outcome and provide considerable economic health savings. Moving forward, an agreement for defining renal recovery is warranted if we are to assess and extrapolate the efficacy of novel therapies. Future research should focus on targeted therapies assessed by measure of long-term outcomes.}}, | |
| pages = {188}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {20} | |
| } | |
| @article{aye, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Panis_2014_Accident__analysis_and_prevention, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| title = {{Predicting cycling accident risk in Brussels: A spatial case–control approach}}, | |
| author = {Vandenbulcke, Grégory and Thomas, Isabelle and Panis, Luc Int}, | |
| journal = {Accident; analysis and prevention}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.aap.2013.07.001}, | |
| abstract = {{Accident Analysis and Prevention, 62 (2014) 341-357. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.07.001}}, | |
| pages = {341 -- 357}, | |
| volume = {62}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Stewart_2022, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Textbook of Polytrauma Management, A Multidisciplinary Approach}}, | |
| author = {Stewart, Barclay T and Maier, Ronald V}, | |
| journal = {Springer International Publishing eBooks}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-95906-7\_35}, | |
| abstract = {{Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is the manifestation of an excessive, dysregulated immune-inflammatory response directed by a genomic storm induced by serious injury and/or infection. More specifically, MOD is the result of dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses driven by both the innate and adaptive immune systems and the inadequate endogenous responses that aim to restore homeostasis. The syndrome phenotypes represent a spectrum of degree of dysfunction (e.g., severe and multiple organ systems involved versus mild and a single organ system involved) and timing (e.g., early and rapidly progressive to death versus late and prolonged). Improvements in injury prevention and control, trauma system enhancements, and surgical and critical care delivery have reduced the incidence and overall severity of MOD. However, these advances have not markedly changed the high mortality rate associated with severe MOD from extensive polytrauma. Most interventions designed to treat MOD have not proven efficacious and therapy consists largely one of organ function support until resolution occurs. Therefore, prevention remains paramount. In addition, the impacts of MOD on survivors, while incompletely understood, affects all domains of recovery, including physical and mental functioning, independence and community integration, and the ability to return to work or school. This chapter provides an overview of MOD, highlights key pathophysiological features, provides an update on opportunities to prevent or treat MOD, and describes how healthcare systems can measure their performance in the prevention and care of MOD.}}, | |
| pages = {519--540} | |
| } | |
| @article{Young_2014_Critical_Care_and_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{A protocol for the 0.9\% saline versus Plasma-Lyte 148 for intensive care fluid therapy (SPLIT) study}}, | |
| author = {Reddy, Sumeet K and Bailey, Michael J and Beasley, Richard W and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Henderson, Seton J and Mackle, Diane M and McArthur, Colin J and Mehrtens, Jan E and Myburgh, John A and McGuinness, Shay P and Psirides, Alex J and Young, Paul J}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care and Resuscitation}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: 0.9\% saline is the most commonly used intravenous (IV) fluid in the world. However, recent data raise the possibility that, compared with buffered crystalloid fluids such as Plasma-Lyte 148, the administration of 0.9\% saline to intensive care unit patients might increase their risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Objective: To describe the protocol for the 0.9\% Saline v Plasma-Lyte 148 for ICU Fluid Therapy (SPLIT) study. Methods: This is a multicentre, cluster-randomised, double crossover feasibility study to be conducted in four New Zealand tertiary ICUs over a 28-week period and will enrol about 2300 participants. All ICU patients who need crystalloid IV fluid therapy (except those with established renal failure needing dialysis and those admitted to the ICU for palliative care) will be enrolled. Participating ICUs will be randomly assigned to 0.9\% saline or Plasma-Lyte 148 as the routine crystalloid IV fluid, in a blinded fashion, in four alternating 7-week blocks. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome will be the proportion of patients who develop AKI in the ICU. Secondary outcomes will include the difference between the most recent serum creatinine level measured before study enrolment and the peak serum creatinine level in the ICU; use of renal replacement therapy; and ICU and inhospital mortality. All analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Results and conclusion: The SPLIT study started on 1 April 2014 and will provide preliminary data on the comparative effectiveness of using 0.9\% saline v Plasma- Lyte 148 as the routine IV fluid therapy in ICU patients.}}, | |
| pages = {274}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {16}, | |
| month = {12} | |
| } | |
| @book{r7p, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)}}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gann_1989_Journal_of_Clinical_Immunology, | |
| year = {1989}, | |
| keywords = {citation in Bone}, | |
| title = {{Evidence of a plasma-mediated “window” of immunodeficiency in rats following trauma}}, | |
| author = {Mills, Charles D. and Caldwell, Michael D. and Gann, Donald S.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Clinical Immunology}, | |
| issn = {0271-9142}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/bf00916942}, | |
| pmid = {2785530}, | |
| abstract = {{The etiology of immunodeficiency following trauma was investigated. Plasma collected from Fischer rats 1–8 hr following a 40\% surface area thermal injury (TI) displays immunosuppressive activity (ISA). Peak ISA (4 hr) exceeded 90\% inhibition of Con A3-induced proliferation of normal spleen cells. Splenic macrophage IL-1 secretion and NK activity are also inhibited by 4-hr TI plasma. Most importantly, these same cellular immune functions decline in rats by 4 hr following TI. After a further decline by 16 hr (IL-1 = 19.8\% and NK activity = 40\% of normal), these cellular immune functions rebound toward normal values by 2 days following TI. Thus, ISA in plasma is both temporally and functionally linked to the cellular immune defects observed. Sham-treatment rats display a similar, although less marked, pattern of plasma-linked transient cellular immune defects indicating a role for stress in these responses. ISA is abolished by mild heat (56°C for 30 min) and wholly contained in the >10-kD fraction of plasma. Together, these results provide evidence that previously unrecognized molecules in plasma induce a “window” of immunodeficiency early following trauma.}}, | |
| pages = {139--150}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {9} | |
| } | |
| @article{Knotzer_2006_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Cutaneous vascular reactivity and flow motion response to vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock and severe postoperative multiple organ dysfunction syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Luckner, G and Dunser, M W and Stadlbauer, K H and Mayr, V D and Jochberger, S and Wenzel, V and Ulmer, H and Pajk, W and Hasibeder, W R and Friesenecker, B and Knotzer, H}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/cc4845}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION: Disturbances in microcirculatory homeostasis have been hypothesized to play a key role in the pathophysiology of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and vasopressor-associated ischemic skin lesions. The effects of a supplementary arginine vasopressin (AVP) infusion on microcirculation in vasodilatory shock and postoperative multiple organ dysfunction syndrome are unknown. METHOD: Included in the study were 18 patients who had undergone cardiac or major surgery and had a mean arterial blood pressure below 65 mmHg, despite infusion of more than 0.5 microg/kg per min norepinephrine. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a combined infusion of AVP/norepinephrine or norepinephrine alone. Demographic and clinical data were recorded at study entry and after 1 hour. A laser Doppler flowmeter was used to measure the cutaneous microcirculatory response at randomization and after 1 hour. Reactive hyperaemia and oscillatory changes in the Doppler signal were measured during the 3 minutes before and after a 5-minute period of forearm ischaemia. RESULTS: Patients receiving AVP/norepinephrine had a significantly higher mean arterial pressure (P = 0.047) and higher milrinone requirements (P = 0.025) than did the patients who received norepinephrine only at baseline. Mean arterial blood pressure significantly increased (P < 0.001) and norepinephrine requirements significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in the AVP/norepinephrine group. Patients in the AVP/norepinephrine group exhibited a significantly higher oscillation frequency of the Doppler signal before ischaemia and during reperfusion at randomization. During the study period, there were no differences in either cutaneous reactive hyperaemia or the oscillatory pattern of vascular tone between groups. CONCLUSION: Supplementary AVP infusion in patients with advanced vasodilatory shock and severe postoperative multiple organ dysfunction syndrome did not compromise cutaneous reactive hyperaemia and flowmotion when compared with norepinephrine infusion alone.}}, | |
| pages = {R40}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {10}, | |
| note = {Luckner, Gunter | |
| Dunser, Martin W | |
| Stadlbauer, Karl-Heinz | |
| Mayr, Viktoria D | |
| Jochberger, Stefan | |
| Wenzel, Volker | |
| Ulmer, Hanno | |
| Pajk, Werner | |
| Hasibeder, Walter R | |
| Friesenecker, Barbara | |
| Knotzer, Hans | |
| eng | |
| Comparative Study | |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | |
| England | |
| London, England | |
| 2006/03/18 09:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2006;10(2):R40.}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Luckner-Cutaneous%20vascular%20reactivity%20and%20flow%20motion%20response%20to%20vasopressin%20in%20advanced%20vasodilatory%20shock%20and%20severe%20postoperative%20multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20syndrome-2006-Crit%20Care.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Roussos_2000_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2000}, | |
| title = {{Prevention of infection in multiple trauma patients by high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins}}, | |
| author = {Douzinas, Emmanuel E. and Pitaridis, Marinos T. and Louris, George and Andrianakis, Ilias and Katsouyanni, Klea and Karmpaliotis, Dimitrios and Economidou, Joanna and Sfyras, Dimitrios and Roussos, Charis}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0090-3493}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00003246-200001000-00002}, | |
| pmid = {10667492}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: To investigate the activity of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as a prophylactic agent against infection in trauma victims. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: A 20-bed university intensive care unit. Patients: Thirty-nine trauma patients with injury severity scores (ISSs) of 16-50. Interventions: Penicillin was given at the time of admission and continued at least until day 4. Twenty-one patients received IVIG and 18 patients received human albumin at 1 g/kg in four divided doses (days 1, 2, 3, and 6). The two groups had similarities in age, gender, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, risk of death, and Glasgow Coma Scale score, but differing ISSs (p = .02), at the time of admission. Blood was collected on days 1, 4, and 7. Measurements and Main Results: Clinical variables related to infection were recorded. The complement components C3c, C4 and CH50, IgG, and the fractions of IgG were measured. The serum bactericidal activity (SBA) was assessed at 37°C (98.6°F) and 40°C (104.0°F) at the time of admission and during the course of IVIG administration. Controlling for ISS, IVIG-treated patients had fewer pneumonias (p = .003) and total non-catheter-related infections (p = .04). Catheter-related infections (p = .76), length of stay in the intensive care unit, antibiotic days, and infection-related mortality did not differ between the two groups. A significantly increased trend in IgG and its subclasses was shown on days 4 and 7 in the IVIG group but not in the control group (p < .000001). No important differences were noted in complement fractions. The SBA of the groups was similar on day 1, but significantly higher on days 4 and 7 (p < .000001) in the IVIG group, remaining so controlling for complement and ISS. SBA was higher at 40°C (104.0°F) compared with 37°C (98.6°F) (p < .0001) under all three conditions. In both groups, low SBA (on days 1, 4, and 7) was associated with increased risk of pneumonia (p < .01) and non-catheter-related infections (p = .06 for day 1; p < .01 for days 4 and 7). Conclusions: Trauma patients receiving high doses of IVIG exhibit a reduction of septic complications and an improvement of SBA. Early SBA measurement may represent an index of susceptibility to infection.}}, | |
| pages = {8--15}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {28}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Douzinas-Prevention%20of%20infection%20in%20multiple%20trauma%20patients%20by%20high-dose%20intravenous%20immunoglobulins-2000-Critical%20Care%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Polen_2007_International_Journal_for_Consumer_and_Product_Safety, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| title = {{Bicycle-related injuries: Injury, hazard, and risk patterns}}, | |
| author = {Tinsworth, Deborah K and Cassidy, Suzanne P and Polen, Curtis}, | |
| journal = {International Journal for Consumer and Product Safety}, | |
| doi = {10.1080/09298349408945738}, | |
| pages = {207 -- 220}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {1}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {04} | |
| } | |
| @article{Davenport_2007_Current_Opinion_in_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| title = {{Acute coagulopathy of trauma: mechanism, identification and effect}}, | |
| author = {Brohi, Karim and Cohen, Mitchell J and Davenport, Ross A}, | |
| journal = {Current Opinion in Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1070-5295}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/mcc.0b013e3282f1e78f}, | |
| pmid = {17975390}, | |
| abstract = {{Purpose of review Acute coagulopathy of trauma has only been described relatively recently. Developing early in the postinjury phase, it is associated with increased transfusion requirements and poor outcomes. This review examines the possible initiators, mechanism and clinical importance of acute coagulopathy. Recent findings Acute coagulopathy of trauma occurs in patients with shock and is characterized by a systemic anticoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis. Dilution, acidemia and consumption of coagulation proteases do not appear to be significant factors at this stage. There is evidence to implicate activation of the protein C pathway in this process. Diagnosis of acute coagulopathy currently relies on laboratory assessment of clotting times. These tests do not fully characterize the coagulopathy and have significant limitations, which reduce their clinical utility. Summary Acute coagulopathy results in increased transfusion requirements, incidence of organ dysfunction, critical care stay and mortality. Recognition of an early coagulopathic state has implications for the care of shocked patients and the management of massive transfusion. Identification of novel mechanisms for traumatic coagulopathy may lead to new avenues for drug discovery and therapeutic intervention.}}, | |
| pages = {680--685}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {13} | |
| } | |
| @article{Peng_2019, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Elements and Principles of Data Analysis}}, | |
| author = {Hicks, Stephanie C and Peng, Roger D}, | |
| url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.07639.pdf}, | |
| abstract = {{The data revolution has led to an increased interest in the practice of data analysis. As a result, there has been a proliferation of “data science” training programs. Because data science has been previously defined as an intersection of already-established fields or union of emerging technologies, the following problems arise: (1) There is little agreement about what is data science; (2) Data science becomes secondary to established fields in a university setting; and (3) It is difficult to have discussions on what it means to learn about data science, to teach data science courses and to be a data scientist. To address these problems, we propose to define the field from first principles based on the activities of people who analyze data with a language and taxonomy for describing a data analysis in a manner spanning disciplines. Here, we describe the elements and principles of data analysis. This leads to two insights: it suggests a formal mechanism to evaluate data analyses based on objective characteristics, and it provides a framework to teach students how to build data analyses. We argue that the elements and principles of data analysis lay the foundational framework for a more general theory of data science.}}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lemeshow_1998_Intensivmedizin_und_Notfallmedizin, | |
| year = {1998}, | |
| title = {{Using the logistic organ dysfunction system to assess organ dysfunction in the intensive care unit}}, | |
| author = {Gall, J.-R. Le and Klar, J. and Lemeshow, S.}, | |
| journal = {Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin}, | |
| issn = {0175-3851}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s003900050135}, | |
| abstract = {{For many years the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome has been on the top of medical articles about the intensive care patient. While severity scores deal with the 1st ICU day physiology, the organ dysfunction systems aim to take in account the duration type and severity of physiologic disturbances during the ICU stay. Most of the published systems have been created by a panel of experts, giving to each dysfunction a number of points, usually 1 to 4, according to the severity. Only 2 systems are different: the MODS of Marshall et al. and the Logistic Organ Dysfunction LOD system of Le Gall et al., both published recently (1995 and 1996). They differ from the others because first they were created either from a literature review (MDOS) or from a logistic regression (LOD), and secondly, because neither takes into account the therapy. Besides, the LOD system, when used on the 1st ICU day, has statistical qualities which are very promising. The LOD system is now used each consecutive day on septic patients in an European multicenter study.}}, | |
| pages = {183--192}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {35}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Gall-Using%20the%20logistic%20organ%20dysfunction%20system%20to%20assess%20organ%20dysfunction%20in%20the%20intensive%20care%20unit-1998-Intensivmedizin%20und%20Notfallmedizin_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{bpe, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2008\_Book\_ComputationalGeometry.pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Damas_2008_The_Journal_of_the_American_Society_of_Anesthesiologists, | |
| year = {2008}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Are blood transfusions associated with greater mortality rates? Results of the Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients study}}, | |
| author = {Vincent, Jean-Louis and Sakr, Yasser and Sprung, Charles and Harboe, Svein and Damas, Pierre}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists}, | |
| pages = {31 -- 39}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {108} | |
| } | |
| @article{Nsutebu_2018_Emergency_Medicine_Journal, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{qSOFA, SIRS and NEWS for predicting inhospital mortality and ICU admission in emergency admissions treated as sepsis}}, | |
| author = {Goulden, Robert and Hoyle, Marie-Claire and Monis, Jessie and Railton, Darran and Riley, Victoria and Martin, Paul and Martina, Reynaldo and Nsutebu, Emmanuel}, | |
| journal = {Emergency Medicine Journal}, | |
| issn = {1472-0205}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emermed-2017-207120}, | |
| pmid = {29467173}, | |
| url = {https://emj.bmj.com/content/emermed/35/6/345.full.pdf}, | |
| abstract = {{BackgroundThe third international consensus definition for sepsis recommended use of a new prognostic tool, the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), based on its ability to predict inhospital mortality and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay in patients with suspected infection. While several studies have compared the prognostic accuracy of qSOFA to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria in suspected sepsis, few have compared qSOFA and SIRS to the widely used National Early Warning Score (NEWS).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study carried out in a UK tertiary centre. The study population comprised emergency admissions in whom sepsis was suspected and treated. The accuracy for predicting inhospital mortality and ICU admission was calculated and compared for qSOFA, SIRS and NEWS.ResultsAmong 1818 patients, 53 were admitted to ICU (3\%) and 265 died in hospital (15\%). For predicting inhospital mortality, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for NEWS (0.65, 95\% CI 0.61 to 0.68) was similar to qSOFA (0.62, 95\% CI 0.59 to 0.66) (test for difference, P=0.18) and superior to SIRS (P<0.001), which was not predictive. The sensitivity of NEWS≥5 (74\%, 95\% CI 68\% to 79\%) was similar to SIRS≥2 (80\%, 95\% CI 74\% to 84\%) and higher than qSOFA≥2 (37\%, 95\% CI 31\% to 43\%). The specificity of NEWS≥5 (43\%, 95\% CI 41\% to 46\%) was higher than SIRS≥2 (21\%, 95\% CI 19\% to 23\%) and lower than qSOFA≥2 (79\%, 95\% CI 77\% to 81\%). The negative predictive value was 88\% (86\%–90\%) for qSOFA, 86\% (82\%–89\%) for SIRS and 91\% (88\%–93\%) for NEWS. Results were similar for the secondary outcome of ICU admission.ConclusionNEWS has equivalent or superior value for most test characteristics relative to SIRS and qSOFA, calling into question the rationale of adopting qSOFA in institutions where NEWS is already in use.}}, | |
| pages = {345--349}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {35} | |
| } | |
| @article{Trunkey_1983_Scientific_American, | |
| year = {1983}, | |
| title = {{Trauma. Accidental and intentional injuries account for more years of life lost in the U.S. than cancer and heart disease. Among the prescribed remedies are improved preventive efforts, speedier surgery and further research.}}, | |
| author = {Trunkey, D D}, | |
| journal = {Scientific American}, | |
| issn = {0036-8733}, | |
| pmid = {6623052}, | |
| pages = {28--35}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {249}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Trunkey-Trauma.%20Accidental%20and%20intentional%20injuries%20account%20for%20more%20years%20of%20life%20lost%20in%20the%20U.S.%20than%20cancer%20and%20heart%20disease.%20Among%20the%20prescribed%20remedies%20are%20improved%20preventive%20efforts,%20speedier%20surgery%20and%20further%20research--1983-Scient_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Group_2015_PLoS_ONE, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Statistical Machines for Trauma Hospital Outcomes Research: Application to the PRospective, Observational, Multi-Center Major Trauma Transfusion (PROMMTT) Study}}, | |
| author = {Moore, Sara E. and Decker, Anna and Hubbard, Alan and Callcut, Rachael A. and Fox, Erin E. and Junco, Deborah J. del and Holcomb, John B. and Rahbar, Mohammad H. and Wade, Charles E. and Schreiber, Martin A. and Alarcon, Louis H. and Brasel, Karen J. and Bulger, Eileen M. and Cotton, Bryan A. and Muskat, Peter and Myers, John G. and Phelan, Herb A. and Cohen, Mitchell J. and Group, PROMMTT Study}, | |
| journal = {PLoS ONE}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0136438}, | |
| pmid = {26296088}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4546674}, | |
| abstract = {{Improving the treatment of trauma, a leading cause of death worldwide, is of great clinical and public health interest. This analysis introduces flexible statistical methods for estimating center-level effects on individual outcomes in the context of highly variable patient populations, such as those of the PRospective, Observational, Multi-center Major Trauma Transfusion study. Ten US level I trauma centers enrolled a total of 1,245 trauma patients who survived at least 30 minutes after admission and received at least one unit of red blood cells. Outcomes included death, multiple organ failure, substantial bleeding, and transfusion of blood products. The centers involved were classified as either large or small-volume based on the number of massive transfusion patients enrolled during the study period. We focused on estimation of parameters inspired by causal inference, specifically estimated impacts on patient outcomes related to the volume of the trauma hospital that treated them. We defined this association as the change in mean outcomes of interest that would be observed if, contrary to fact, subjects from large-volume sites were treated at small-volume sites (the effect of treatment among the treated). We estimated this parameter using three different methods, some of which use data-adaptive machine learning tools to derive the outcome models, minimizing residual confounding by reducing model misspecification. Differences between unadjusted and adjusted estimators sometimes differed dramatically, demonstrating the need to account for differences in patient characteristics in clinic comparisons. In addition, the estimators based on robust adjustment methods showed potential impacts of hospital volume. For instance, we estimated a survival benefit for patients who were treated at large-volume sites, which was not apparent in simpler, unadjusted comparisons. By removing arbitrary modeling decisions from the estimation process and concentrating on parameters that have more direct policy implications, these potentially automated approaches allow methodological standardization across similar comparativeness effectiveness studies.}}, | |
| pages = {e0136438}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Psirides_2015, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The statistical analysis plan for the 0.9\% Saline vs. Plasma-Lyte 148® for Intensive care fluid Therapy (SPLIT) study}}, | |
| author = {Young, Paul and Bailey, Michael and Beasley, Richard and Henderson, Seton and Mackle, Diane and McArthur, Colin and Mehrtens, Jan and Myburgh, John and McGuinness, Shay and Psirides, Alex} | |
| } | |
| @article{Shvartzman_2001_Am_Fam_Physician, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Hypodermoclysis: an alternative infusion technique}}, | |
| author = {Sasson, Menahem and Shvartzman, PESACH}, | |
| journal = {Am Fam Physician}, | |
| pages = {1575 -- 1578}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {64} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kim_2018_Journal_of_the_Korean_Orthopaedic_Association, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Management of Polytrauma}}, | |
| author = {Kim, Jung Jae and Kim, Keong-Hwan}, | |
| journal = {Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association}, | |
| issn = {1226-2102}, | |
| doi = {10.4055/jkoa.2018.53.1.1}, | |
| abstract = {{To optimize results for polytrauma patients, prompt evacuation and early management are critical. These patients also require a multidisciplinary team effort, involving multiple departments, as they are likely to have not only musculoskeletal injuries but also specific organ injuries or compromised general status. In the 1980s, the goal was definitive fracture fixation in the early stages after injury (early total care). Since the 1990s, however, the goal has shifted to temporary fixation, with a delay of several days prior to definitive fixation (damage control orthopedics). Recently, the timing and extent of treatment have been determined by the condition of patients based on objective indicators. Because surgery may result in secondary damage, it is desirable to minimize potential tissue injury with either temporary fixation or a delay in definitive fixation.}}, | |
| pages = {1}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {53}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Kim-Management%20of%20Polytrauma-2018-Journal%20of%20the%20Korean%20Orthopaedic%20Association.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Greene_Finestone_2001_Archives_of_Physical_Medicine_and_Rehabilitation, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Quantifying fluid intake in dysphagic stroke patients: A preliminary comparison of oral and nonoral strategies}}, | |
| author = {Finestone, Hillel M and Foley, Norine C and Woodbury, M Gail and Greene-Finestone, Linda}, | |
| journal = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, | |
| doi = {10.1053/apmr.2001.27379}, | |
| abstract = {{Finestone HM, Foley NC, Woodbury MG, Greene-Finestone L. Quantifying fluid intake in dysphagic stroke patients: a preliminary comparison of oral and nonoral strategies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:1744-6. Objective: To determine whether dysphagic stroke patients receiving oral (thickened-fluid dysphagia) diets or nonoral (enteral feedings supplemented with intravenous fluids) diets met their estimated fluid requirements. Design: Cohort study. Setting: University-affiliated hospital. Participants: Thirteen dysphagic patients with new strokes were studied for 21 days postadmission to hospital. Interventions: Seven patients (group 1) were started on nonoral feeding and later progressed to oral diets and 6 patients (group 2) received oral dysphagia diets only. Main Outcome Measure: Fluid intake. Results: Fluid intake of patients in group 1 significantly declined over the 21 days (mean ± standard deviation, 3158 ± 523mL/d vs 984 ± 486mL/d; p \< .0001), representing 134\% ± 26\% and 43\% ± 20\% of their fluid requirements, respectively. Mean fluid intake of patients in group 2 was 755 ± 162mL/d, representing 33\% ± 5\% of requirements. This volume was significantly lower than the fluid intake of patients who received nonoral feeding (p \< .0001). Conclusions: Dysphagic stroke patients who received thickened-fluid dysphagia diets failed to meet their fluid requirements whereas patients on enteral feeding and intravenous fluid regimens received ample fluid. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}}, | |
| pages = {1744 -- 1746}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {82} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Bandeen_Roche_2016, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| author = {Bandeen-Roche, Karen}, | |
| title = {{Latent Class Analyis}}, | |
| urldate = {2022-2-1}, | |
| month = {9}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/harvard-lecture-series-session-5_LCA_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Balogh_2022_Hot_Topics_in_Acute_Care_Surgery_and_Trauma, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure}}, | |
| author = {King, Kate L. and Balogh, Zsolt J.}, | |
| journal = {Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma}, | |
| issn = {2520-8284}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-92241-2\_4}, | |
| abstract = {{The severely injured trauma patient, defined as an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15, requiring resuscitation and admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is the population at risk for developing post-injury multiple organ failure (MOF). There have been several predictors for the development of MOF described over the last four decades; these include age, severity of injury, resuscitation and blood transfusion to name a few. Some MOF risk factors have changed over time due to demographic changes and with refinement of shock management and improved critical care management. Identifying the modifiable versus non-modifiable risk factors is the key factor to guiding research and therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence and impact of post-injury MOF. This chapter will review the statistically proven clinical independent predictors including patient factors, injury factors and treatment factors affecting the population at risk and the predictors for developing MOF.}}, | |
| pages = {39--49} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vestergaard_2017_Osteoporosis_International, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| keywords = {Absorptiometry,Photon,Adult,Aged,80 and over,Algorithms,Bone Density/physiology,Cluster Analysis,Denmark/epidemiology,Female,Hip Joint/physiopathology,Humans,Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology,Machine Learning,Middle Aged,Osteoporosis/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology,Osteoporosis,Postmenopausal/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology,Osteoporotic Fractures/epidemiology/*etiology/physiopathology,Reproducibility of Results,Risk Factors}, | |
| title = {{Clinical fracture risk evaluated by hierarchical agglomerative clustering}}, | |
| author = {Kruse, C. and Eiken, P. and Vestergaard, P.}, | |
| journal = {Osteoporosis International}, | |
| issn = {0937-941X}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00198-016-3828-8}, | |
| pmid = {27848006}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27848006/}, | |
| abstract = {{Clustering analysis can identify subgroups of patients based on similarities of traits. From data on 10,775 subjects, we document nine patient clusters of different fracture risks. Differences emerged after age 60 and treatment compliance differed by hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density profiles. The purposes of this study were to establish and quantify patient clusters of high, average and low fracture risk using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Regional and national Danish patient data on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, medication reimbursement, primary healthcare sector use and comorbidity of female subjects were combined. Standardized variable means, Euclidean distances and Ward’s D2 method of hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC), were used to form the clustering object. K number of clusters was selected with the lowest cluster containing less than 250 subjects. Clusters were identified as high, average or low fracture risk based on bone mineral density (BMD) characteristics. Cluster-based descriptive statistics and relative Z-scores for variable means were computed. Ten thousand seven hundred seventy-five women were included in this study. Nine (k = 9) clusters were identified. Four clusters (n = 2886) were identified based on low to very low BMD with differences in comorbidity, anthropometrics and future bisphosphonate compliance. Two clusters of younger subjects (n = 1058, mean ages 30 and 51 years) were identified as low fracture risk with high to very high BMD. A mean age of 60 years was the earliest that allowed for separation of high-risk clusters. DXA scan results could identify high-risk subjects with different antiresorptive treatment compliance levels based on similarities and differences in lumbar spine and hip region BMD. Unsupervised HAC presents a novel technology to improve patient characteristics in bone disease beyond traditional T-score-based diagnosis. Technological and validation limitations need to be overcome to improve its use in internal medicine. Current DXA scan indication guidelines could be further improved by clustering algorithms.}}, | |
| pages = {819--832}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {28}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: hca,ortho,cluster | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sjoding_2019_PLOS_ONE, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Machine learning for patient risk stratification for acute respiratory distress syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Zeiberg, Daniel and Prahlad, Tejas and Nallamothu, Brahmajee K and Iwashyna, Theodore J and Wiens, Jenna and Sjoding, Michael W}, | |
| journal = {PLOS ONE}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0214465}, | |
| pmid = {30921400}, | |
| abstract = {{Existing prediction models for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require manual chart abstraction and have only fair performance–limiting their suitability for driving clinical interventions. We sought to develop a machine learning approach for the prediction of ARDS that (a) leverages electronic health record (EHR) data, (b) is fully automated, and (c) can be applied at clinically relevant time points throughout a patient’s stay. We trained a risk stratification model for ARDS using a cohort of 1,621 patients with moderate hypoxia from a single center in 2016, of which 51 patients developed ARDS. We tested the model in a temporally distinct cohort of 1,122 patients from 2017, of which 27 patients developed ARDS. Gold standard diagnosis of ARDS was made by intensive care trained physicians during retrospective chart review. We considered both linear and non-linear approaches to learning the model. The best model used L2-logistic regression with 984 features extracted from the EHR. For patients observed in the hospital at least six hours who then developed moderate hypoxia, the model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.81 (95\% CI: 0.73–0.88). Selecting a threshold based on the 85th percentile of risk, the model had a sensitivity of 56\% (95\% CI: 35\%, 74\%), specificity of 86\% (95\% CI: 85\%, 87\%) and positive predictive value of 9\% (95\% CI: 5\%, 14\%), identifying a population at four times higher risk for ARDS than other patients with moderate hypoxia and 17 times the risk of hospitalized adults. We developed an ARDS prediction model based on EHR data with good discriminative performance. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a machine learning approach to risk stratifying patients for ARDS solely from data extracted automatically from the EHR.}}, | |
| pages = {e0214465}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {14}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Zeiberg-Machine%20learning%20for%20patient%20risk%20stratification%20for%20acute%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome-2019-PLOS%20ONE.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Parra_2014_Journal_of_Pediatric_Psychology, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{An Introduction to Latent Variable Mixture Modeling (Part 1): Overview and Cross-Sectional Latent Class and Latent Profile Analyses}}, | |
| author = {Berlin, Kristoffer S. and Williams, Natalie A. and Parra, Gilbert R.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Pediatric Psychology}, | |
| issn = {0146-8693}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/jpepsy/jst084}, | |
| pmid = {24277769}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective Pediatric psychologists are often interested in finding patterns in heterogeneous cross-sectional data. Latent variable mixture modeling is an emerging person-centered statistical approach that models heterogeneity by classifying individuals into unobserved groupings (latent classes) with similar (more homogenous) patterns. The purpose of this article is to offer a nontechnical introduction to cross-sectional mixture modeling. Method An overview of latent variable mixture modeling is provided and 2 cross-sectional examples are reviewed and distinguished. Results Step-by-step pediatric psychology examples of latent class and latent profile analyses are provided using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 data file. Conclusions Latent variable mixture modeling is a technique that is useful to pediatric psychologists who wish to find groupings of individuals who share similar data patterns to determine the extent to which these patterns may relate to variables of interest.}}, | |
| pages = {174--187}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {39} | |
| } | |
| @article{Network_2016_Journal_of_the_American_College_of_Surgeons, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{Validation of the Denver Emergency Department Trauma Organ Failure Score to Predict Post-Injury Multiple Organ Failure}}, | |
| author = {Vogel, Jody A. and Newgard, Craig D. and Holmes, James F. and Diercks, Deborah B. and Arens, Ann M. and Boatright, Dowin H. and Bueso, Antonio and Gaona, Samuel D. and Gee, Kaitlin Z. and Nelson, Anna and Voros, Jeremy J. and Moore, Ernest E. and Colwell, Christopher B. and Haukoos, Jason S. and Network, Western Emergency Services Translational Research}, | |
| journal = {Journal of the American College of Surgeons}, | |
| issn = {1072-7515}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.10.010}, | |
| pmid = {26597706}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4749271}, | |
| abstract = {{BackgroundEarly recognition of trauma patients at risk for multiple organ failure (MOF) is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with MOF. The objective of the study was to externally validate the Denver Emergency Department (ED) Trauma Organ Failure (TOF) Score, a 6-item instrument that includes age, intubation, hematocrit, systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, and white blood cell count, which was designed to predict the development of MOF within 7 days of hospitalization.Study DesignWe performed a prospective multicenter study of adult trauma patients between November, 2011 and March, 2013. The primary outcome was development of MOF within 7 days of hospitalization, assessed using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to determine associations between the Denver ED TOF Score and MOF. Discrimination was assessed and quantified using a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The predictive accuracy of the Denver ED TOF score was compared with attending emergency physician estimation of the likelihood of MOF.ResultsWe included 2,072 patients with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range [IQR] 30 to 61 years); 68\% were male. The median Injury Severity Score was 9 (IQR 5 to 17), and 88\% of patients had blunt mechanism injury. Among participants, 1,024 patients (49\%) were admitted to the ICU, and 77 (4\%) died. Multiple organ failure occurred in 120 (6\%; 95\% CI 5\% to 7\%) patients and of these, 37 (31\%; 95\% CI 23\% to 40\%) died. The area under the ROC curve for the Denver ED TOF Score prediction of MOF was 0.89 (95\% CI 0.86 to 0.91) and for physician estimation of the likelihood of MOF was 0.78 (95\% CI 0.73 to 0.83).ConclusionsThe Denver ED TOF Score predicts development of MOF within 7 days of hospitalization. Its predictive accuracy outperformed attending emergency physician estimation of the risk of MOF.}}, | |
| pages = {73--82}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {222}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Vogel-Validation%20of%20the%20Denver%20Emergency%20Department%20Trauma%20Organ%20Failure%20Score%20to%20Predict%20Post-Injury%20Multiple%20Organ%20Failure-2016-Journal%20of%20the%20American%20College%20of%20Surgeons_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Clancy_1997_Journal_of_Accident___Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {1997}, | |
| title = {{Research in accident and emergency medicine.}}, | |
| author = {Hardern, R D and Hamer, D W and Gray, A and McGowan, A and Clancy, M J}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Accident \& Emergency Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1351-0622}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emj.14.2.118}, | |
| pmid = {9132189}, | |
| pages = {118}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {14} | |
| } | |
| @article{bke, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2017\_Bookmatter\_RoboticsVisionAndControl(6).pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Jenkins_2021_Transfusion, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| rating = {2}, | |
| keywords = {JC,journal club,whole blood }, | |
| title = {{Prehospital whole blood reduces early mortality in patients with hemorrhagic shock}}, | |
| author = {Braverman, Maxwell A. and Smith, Alison and Pokorny, Douglas and Axtman, Benjamin and Shahan, Charles Patrick and Barry, Lauran and Corral, Hannah and Jonas, Rachelle Babbitt and Shiels, Michael and Schaefer, Randall and Epley, Eric and Winckler, Christopher and Waltman, Elizabeth and Eastridge, Brian J. and Nicholson, Susannah E. and Stewart, Ronald M. and Jenkins, Donald H.}, | |
| journal = {Transfusion}, | |
| issn = {0041-1132}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/trf.16528}, | |
| pmid = {34269467}, | |
| abstract = {{Low titer O+ whole blood (LTOWB) is being increasingly used for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in military and civilian settings. The objective of this study was to identify the impact of prehospital LTOWB on survival for patients in shock receiving prehospital LTOWB transfusion. A single institutional trauma registry was queried for patients undergoing prehospital transfusion between 2015 and 2019. Patients were stratified based on prehospital LTOWB transfusion (PHT) or no prehospital transfusion (NT). Outcomes measured included emergency department (ED), 6‐h and hospital mortality, change in shock index (SI), and incidence of massive transfusion. Statistical analyses were performed. A total of 538 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients undergoing PHT had worse shock physiology (median SI 1.25 vs. 0.95, p < .001) with greater reversal of shock upon arrival (−0.28 vs. −0.002, p < .001). In a propensity‐matched group of 214 patients with prehospital shock, 58 patients underwent PHT and 156 did not. Demographics were similar between the groups. Mean improvement in SI between scene and ED was greatest for patients in the PHT group with a lower trauma bay mortality (0\% vs. 7\%, p = .04). No survival benefit for patients in prehospital cardiac arrest receiving LTOWB was found (p > .05). This study demonstrated that trauma patients who received prehospital LTOWB transfusion had a greater improvement in SI and a reduction in early mortality. Patient with prehospital cardiac arrest did not have an improvement in survival. These findings support LTOWB use in the prehospital setting. Further multi‐institutional prospective studies are needed.}}, | |
| pages = {S15--S21}, | |
| number = {S1}, | |
| volume = {61} | |
| } | |
| @article{Cove_2014_Biomed_Res_Int, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Fluid resuscitation in sepsis: reexamining the paradigm}}, | |
| author = {Madhusudan, P and Vijayaraghavan, B K Tirupakuzhi and Cove, M E}, | |
| journal = {Biomed Res Int}, | |
| doi = {10.1155/2014/984082}, | |
| abstract = {{Sepsis results in widespread inflammatory responses altering homeostasis. Associated circulatory abnormalities (peripheral vasodilation, intravascular volume depletion, increased cellular metabolism, and myocardial depression) lead to an imbalance between oxygen delivery and demand, triggering end organ injury and failure. Fluid resuscitation is a key part of treatment, but there is little agreement on choice, amount, and end points for fluid resuscitation. Over the past few years, the safety of some fluid preparations has been questioned. Our paper highlights current concerns, reviews the science behind current practices, and aims to clarify some of the controversies surrounding fluid resuscitation in sepsis.}}, | |
| pages = {984082}, | |
| volume = {2014}, | |
| note = {Madhusudan, Poorna | |
| Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar | |
| Cove, Matthew Edward | |
| eng | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Review | |
| 2014/09/03 06:00 | |
| Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:984082. doi: 10.1155/2014/984082. Epub 2014 Aug 11.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brohi_2023_Intensive_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2023}, | |
| title = {{Safety and efficacy of artesunate treatment in severely injured patients with traumatic hemorrhage. The TOP-ART randomized clinical trial}}, | |
| author = {Shepherd, Joanna M. and Ross, Jennifer and Anton, Lourdes and Rourke, Claire and Brentnall, Adam R. and Tarning, Joel and White, Nicholas J. and Thiemermann, Christoph and Brohi, Karim}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0342-4642}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-023-07135-3}, | |
| pmid = {37470832}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC10425486}, | |
| abstract = {{This study aimed at determining whether intravenous artesunate is safe and effective in reducing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in trauma patients with major hemorrhage. TOP-ART, a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, phase IIa trial, was conducted at a London major trauma center in adult trauma patients who activated the major hemorrhage protocol. Participants received artesunate or placebo (2:1 randomization ratio) as an intravenous bolus dose (2.4 mg/kg or 4.8 mg/kg) within 4 h of injury. The safety outcome was the 28-day serious adverse event (SAE) rate. The primary efficacy outcome was the 48 h sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. The per-protocol recruitment target was 105 patients. The trial was terminated after enrolment of 90 patients because of safety concerns. Eighty-three participants received artesunate (n = 54) or placebo (n = 29) and formed the safety population and 75 met per-protocol criteria (48 artesunate, 27 placebo). Admission characteristics were similar between groups (overall 88\% male, median age 29 years, median injury severity score 22), except participants who received artesunate were more shocked (median base deficit 9 vs. 4.7, p = 0.042). SAEs occurred in 17 artesunate participants (31\%) vs. 5 who received placebo (17\%). Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) occurred in 9 artesunate participants (17\%) vs. 1 who received placebo (3\%). Superiority of artesunate was not supported by the 48 h SOFA score (median 5.5 artesunate vs. 4 placebo, p = 0.303) or any of the trial’s secondary endpoints. Among critically ill trauma patients, artesunate is unlikely to improve organ dysfunction and might be associated with a higher VTE rate.}}, | |
| pages = {922--933}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {49}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Shepherd-Safety%20and%20efficacy%20of%20artesunate%20treatment%20in%20severely%20injured%20patients%20with%20traumatic%20hemorrhage.%20The%20TOP-ART%20randomized%20clinical%20trial-2023-Intensive%20Care%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{W_st_2011_Accident__analysis_and_prevention, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Road factors and bicycle–motor vehicle crashes at unsignalized priority intersections}}, | |
| author = {Schepers, J P and Kroeze, P A and Sweers, W and Wüst, J C}, | |
| journal = {Accident; analysis and prevention}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.005}, | |
| abstract = {{Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43 (2010) 853-861. 10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.005}}, | |
| pages = {853 -- 861}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {43}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Tompkins_2009_Molecular_Medicine, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{A Genomic Score Prognostic of Outcome in Trauma Patients}}, | |
| author = {{Program, The Inflammation and the Host Response to Injury Large Scale Collaborative Research} and Warren, H Shaw and Elson, Constance M and Hayden, Douglas L and Schoenfeld, David A and Cobb, J Perren and Maier, Ronald V and Moldawer, Lyle L and Moore, Ernest E and Harbrecht, Brian G and Pelak, Kimberly and Cuschieri, Joseph and Herndon, David N and Jeschke, Marc G and Finnerty, Celeste C and Brownstein, Bernard H and Hennessy, Laura and Mason, Philip H and Tompkins, Ronald G}, | |
| journal = {Molecular Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1076-1551}, | |
| doi = {10.2119/molmed.2009.00027}, | |
| pmid = {19593405}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC2707513}, | |
| abstract = {{Traumatic injuries frequently lead to infection, organ failure, and death. Health care providers rely on several Injury scoring systems to quantify the extent of injury and to help predict clinical outcome. Physiological, anatomical, and clinical laboratory analytic scoring systems (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE], Injury Severity Score [ISS]) are utilized, with limited success, to predict outcome following injury. The recent development of techniques for measuring the expression level of all of a person’s genes simultaneously may make it possible to develop an injury scoring system based on the degree of gene activation. We hypothesized that a peripheral blood leukocyte gene expression score could predict outcome, including multiple organ failure, following severe blunt trauma. To test such a scoring system, we measured gene expression of peripheral blood leukocytes from patients within 12 h of traumatic injury. cRNA derived from whole blood leukocytes obtained within 12 h of injury provided gene expression data for the entire genome that were used to create a composite gene expression score for each patient. Total blood leukocytes were chosen because they are active during inflammation, which is reflective of poor outcome. The gene expression score combines the activation levels of all the genes into a single number which compares the patient’s gene expression to the average gene expression in uninjured volunteers. Expression profiles from healthy volunteers were averaged to create a reference gene expression profile which was used to compute a difference from reference (DFR) score for each patient. This score described the overall genomic response of patients within the first 12 h following severe blunt trauma. Regression models were used to compare the association of the DFR, APACHE, and ISS scores with outcome. We hypothesized that patients with a total gene response more different from uninjured volunteers would tend to have poorer outcome than those more similar. Our data show that for measures of poor outcome, such as infections, organ failures, and length of hospital stay this is correct. DFR scores were associated significantly with adverse outcome, including multiple organ failure, duration of ventilation, length of hospital stay, and infection rate. The association remained significant after adjustment for injury severity as measured by APACHE or ISS. A single score representing changes in gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes within hours of severe blunt injury is associated with adverse clinical outcomes that develop later in the hospital course. Assessment of genome-wide gene expression provides useful clinical information that is different from that provided by currently utilized anatomic or physiologic scores.}}, | |
| pages = {220--227}, | |
| number = {7-8}, | |
| volume = {15}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Program-A%20Genomic%20Score%20Prognostic%20of%20Outcome%20in%20Trauma%20Patients-2009-Molecular%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Billiar_2020_Frontiers_in_Medicine, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| keywords = {Recovery trajectories,MODS}, | |
| title = {{Unsupervised Clustering Analysis Based on MODS Severity Identifies Four Distinct Organ Dysfunction Patterns in Severely Injured Blunt Trauma Patients}}, | |
| author = {Liu, Dongmei and Namas, Rami A and Vodovotz, Yoram and Peitzman, Andrew B and Simmons, Richard L and Yuan, Hong and Mi, Qi and Billiar, Timothy R}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/fmed.2020.00046}, | |
| abstract = {{Purpose: We sought to identify a MODS score parameter that highly correlates with adverse outcomes and then use this parameter to test the hypothesis that multiple severity-based MODS clusters could be identified after blunt trauma. Methods: MOD score across days (D) 2–5 was subjected to Fuzzy C-means Clustering Analysis (FCM) followed by eight Clustering Validity Indices (CVI) to derive organ dysfunction patterns among 376 blunt trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who survived to discharge. Thirty-one inflammation biomarkers were assayed (Luminex™) in serial blood samples (3 samples within the first 24 h and then daily up to D 5) and were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA and Dynamic Network analysis (DyNA). Results: The FCM followed by CVI suggested four distinct clusters based on MOD score magnitude between D2 and D5. Distinct patterns of organ dysfunction emerged in each of the four clusters and exhibited statistically significant differences with regards to in-hospital outcomes. Interleukin (IL)-6, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-8, IP-10, sST2, and MIG were elevated differentially over time across the four clusters. DyNA identified remarkable differences in inflammatory network interconnectivity. Conclusion: These results suggest the existence of four distinct organ failure patterns based on MOD score magnitude in blunt trauma patients admitted to the ICU who survive to discharge.}}, | |
| pages = {46}, | |
| volume = {7}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Liu-Unsupervised%20Clustering%20Analysis%20Based%20on%20MODS%20Severity%20Identifies%20Four%20Distinct%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Patterns%20in%20Severely%20Injured%20Blunt%20Trauma%20Patients-2020-Frontiers%20in%20Medicine_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Catchpoole_2018_Emergency_Medicine_Australasia, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Value of emergency department triage data to describe and understand patterns and mechanisms of cycling injuries}}, | |
| author = {Eley, Rob and Vallmuur, Kirsten and Catchpoole, Jesani}, | |
| journal = {Emergency Medicine Australasia}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/1742-6723.13124}, | |
| pages = {21 -- 7}, | |
| volume = {44}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {07} | |
| } | |
| @article{C__2016_Cochrane_Database_Syst_Rev, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion}}, | |
| author = {Carson, J L and Stanworth, S J and Roubinian, N and Fergusson, D A and Triulzi, D and Doree, C and C., Hebert, P.}, | |
| journal = {Cochrane Database Syst Rev}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/14651858.cd002042.pub4}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: There is considerable uncertainty regarding the optimal haemoglobin threshold for the use of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in anaemic patients. Blood is a scarce resource, and in some countries, transfusions are less safe than others because of a lack of testing for viral pathogens. Therefore, reducing the number and volume of transfusions would benefit patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to compare 30-day mortality and other clinical outcomes in participants randomized to restrictive versus liberal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion thresholds (triggers) for all conditions. The restrictive transfusion threshold uses a lower haemoglobin level to trigger transfusion (most commonly 7 g/dL or 8 g/dL), and the liberal transfusion threshold uses a higher haemoglobin level to trigger transfusion (most commonly 9 g/dL to 10 g/dL). SEARCH METHODS: We identified trials by searching CENTRAL (2016, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1946 to May 2016), Embase (1974 to May 2016), the Transfusion Evidence Library (1950 to May 2016), the Web of Science Conference Proceedings Citation Index (1990 to May 2016), and ongoing trial registries (27 May 2016). We also checked reference lists of other published reviews and relevant papers to identify any additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized trials where intervention groups were assigned on the basis of a clear transfusion 'trigger', described as a haemoglobin (Hb) or haematocrit (Hct) level below which a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was to be administered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We pooled risk ratios of clinical outcomes across trials using a random-effects model. Two people extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. We conducted predefined analyses by clinical subgroups. We defined participants randomly allocated to the lower transfusion threshold as 'restrictive transfusion' and to the higher transfusion threshold as 'liberal transfusion'. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 31 trials, involving 12,587 participants, across a range of clinical specialities (e.g. surgery, critical care) met the eligibility criteria. The trial interventions were split fairly equally with regard to the haemoglobin concentration used to define the restrictive transfusion group. About half of them used a 7 g/dL threshold, and the other half used a restrictive transfusion threshold of 8 g/dL to 9 g/dL. The trials were generally at low risk of bias .Some items of methodological quality were unclear, including definitions and blinding for secondary outcomes.Restrictive transfusion strategies reduced the risk of receiving a RBC transfusion by 43\% across a broad range of clinical specialties (risk ratio (RR) 0.57, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 0.49 to 0.65; 12,587 participants, 31 trials; high-quality evidence), with a large amount of heterogeneity between trials (I(2) = 97\%). Overall, restrictive transfusion strategies did not increase or decrease the risk of 30-day mortality compared with liberal transfusion strategies (RR 0.97, 95\% CI 0.81 to 1.16, I(2) = 37\%; N = 10,537; 23 trials; moderate-quality evidence) or any of the other outcomes assessed (i.e. cardiac events (low-quality evidence), myocardial infarction, stroke, thromboembolism (high-quality evidence)). Liberal transfusion did not affect the risk of infection (pneumonia, wound, or bacteraemia). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Transfusing at a restrictive haemoglobin concentration of between 7 g/dL to 8 g/dL decreased the proportion of participants exposed to RBC transfusion by 43\% across a broad range of clinical specialities. There was no evidence that a restrictive transfusion strategy impacts 30-day mortality or morbidity (i.e. mortality at other points, cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stroke, pneumonia, thromboembolism, infection) compared with a liberal transfusion strategy. There were insufficient data to inform the safety of transfusion policies in certain clinical subgroups, including acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, neurological injury/traumatic brain injury, acute neurological disorders, stroke, thrombocytopenia, cancer, haematological malignancies, and bone marrow failure. The findings provide good evidence that transfusions with allogeneic RBCs can be avoided in most patients with haemoglobin thresholds above 7 g/dL to 8 g/dL.}}, | |
| pages = {CD002042}, | |
| volume = {10}, | |
| note = {Carson, Jeffrey L | |
| Stanworth, Simon J | |
| Roubinian, Nareg | |
| Fergusson, Dean A | |
| Triulzi, Darrell | |
| Doree, Carolyn | |
| Hebert, Paul C | |
| ENG | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2016/11/02 06:00 | |
| Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 12;10:CD002042.}, | |
| month = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Palladino_1983_Circulatory_shock, | |
| year = {1983}, | |
| title = {{ATP-MgCl2 treatment prior to hypoxic-hypotension.}}, | |
| author = {Proctor, H J and Thiet, M and Palladino, G W}, | |
| journal = {Circulatory shock}, | |
| issn = {0092-6213}, | |
| pmid = {6640855}, | |
| abstract = {{We have previously implicated uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and the associated decreased concentrations of tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the liver and brain as major factors contributing to death after hypoxia and hypotension. To determine if intravenously administered ATP-MgCl2 complex would result in increased liver and/or brain concentration of ATP, rats were pretreated with intravenous ATP-MgCl2 prior to exposing them to hypoxic-hypotensive stress. In this preliminary work, pretreatment was selected based on the premise that such an experimental design was most apt to demonstrate an effect if such existed. Baseline cerebral cortical and liver ATP and lactate concentrations were obtained immediately after the intravenous infusion of either saline (control group) or ATP-MgCl2 (treated group). ATP and lactate concentrations were again determined after 30 min hypoxic-hypotension and 20 min after resuscitation. ATP-MgCl2 pretreatment resulted in a modest increase in hepatic ATP concentration when measured after 30 min of hypoxic-hypotension. This increase was not evident 20 min later. No increases in cerebral ATP concentrations were noted at any sample time after ATP-MgCl2 pretreatment.}}, | |
| pages = {65--71}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {11} | |
| } | |
| @article{Investigators_2004_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{A Comparison of Albumin and Saline for Fluid Resuscitation in the Intensive Care Unit}}, | |
| author = {Investigators, The SAFE Study}, | |
| journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1056/nejmoa040232}, | |
| pages = {2247 -- 2256}, | |
| number = {22}, | |
| volume = {350} | |
| } | |
| @article{SEMICYUC_2014_Medicina_Intensiva, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Epidemiología del trauma grave}}, | |
| author = {Alberdi, F. and García, I. and Atutxa, L. and Zabarte, M. and SEMICYUC, Grupo de Trabajo de Trauma y Neurointensivismo de}, | |
| journal = {Medicina Intensiva}, | |
| issn = {0210-5691}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.medin.2014.06.012}, | |
| pmid = {25241267}, | |
| abstract = {{ResumenEl trauma grave es la sexta causa de muerte y la quinta de discapacidad en el mundo. En los menores de 35 años es la primera causa de muerte y discapacidad. Los accidentes de tráfico son los principales responsables en los países de ingresos medios-bajos, que son los más poblados.Los pacientes mayores de 65 años son una cohorte creciente. Para niveles lesionales similares tienen el doble de mortalidad que los jóvenes, debido a su elevada comorbilidad y los tratamientos asociados.No existen globalmente definiciones estandarizadas para documentar, informar y comparar datos en los traumatizados graves. Los más utilizados son el Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), el Injury Severity Score (ISS) y el Trauma and Injury Severity score (TRISS).Las herramientas para la evaluación de la discapacidad postraumática deben mejorarse. Los estudios epidemiológicos son fundamentales para evaluar el impacto en la salud pública, mejorar las estrategias preventivas y evaluar las terapéuticas.AbstractMajor injury is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. Among those under 35 years of age, it is the leading cause of death and disability. Traffic accidents alone are the main cause, fundamentally in low- and middle-income countries.Patients over 65 years of age are an increasingly affected group. For similar levels of injury, these patients have twice the mortality rate of young individuals, due to the existence of important comorbidities and associated treatments, and are more likely to die of medical complications late during hospital admission.No worldwide, standardized definitions exist for documenting, reporting and comparing data on severely injured trauma patients. The most common trauma scores are the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the Trauma and Injury severity Score (TRISS).Documenting the burden of injury also requires evaluation of the impact of post-trauma impairments, disabilities and handicaps. Trauma epidemiology helps define health service and research priorities, contributes to identify disadvantaged groups, and also facilitates the elaboration of comparable measures for outcome predictions.}}, | |
| pages = {580--588}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {38}, | |
| note = {use the injury pyramid from this paper}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Alberdi-Epidemiología%20del%20trauma%20grave-2014-Medicina%20Intensiva_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{ess, | |
| rating = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Jacqmin_Gadda_2005_Computer_Methods_and_Programs_in_Biomedicine, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Estimation of linear mixed models with a mixture of distribution for the random effects}}, | |
| author = {Proust, Cécile and Jacqmin-Gadda, Hélène}, | |
| journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2004.12.004}, | |
| pages = {165 -- 173}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {78}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pinsky_2014_Curr_Opin_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Functional haemodynamic monitoring}}, | |
| author = {Pinsky, M R}, | |
| journal = {Curr Opin Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/mcc.0000000000000090}, | |
| abstract = {{PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Functional haemodynamic monitoring is the assessment of the dynamic interactions of haemodynamic variables in response to a defined perturbation. RECENT FINDINGS: Fluid responsiveness can be predicted during positive pressure breathing by variations in venous return or left ventricular output using numerous surrogate markers, such as arterial pulse pressure variation (PPV), left ventricular stroke volume variation (SVV), aortic velocity variation, inferior and superior vena cavae diameter changes and pulse oximeter pleth signal variability. Similarly, dynamic changes in cardiac output to a passive leg raising manoeuvre can be used in any patient and measured invasively or noninvasively. However, volume responsiveness, though important, reflects only part of the overall spectrum of functional physiological variables that can be measured to define physiologic state and monitor response to therapy. The ratio of PPV to SVV defines central arterial elastance and can be used to identify those hypotensive patients who will not increase their blood pressure in response to a fluid challenge despite increasing cardiac output. Dynamic tissue O2 saturation (StO2) responses to complete stop flow conditions, as can be created by measuring hand StO2 and occluding flow with a blood pressure cuff, assesses cardiovascular sufficiency and micro-circulatory blood flow distribution. They can be used to identify those ventilator-dependent individuals who will fail a spontaneous breathing trial or trauma patients in need of life-saving interventions. SUMMARY: Functional haemodynamic monitoring approaches are increasing in numbers, conditions in which they are useful and resuscitation protocol applications. This is a rapidly evolving field whose pluripotential is just now being realized.}}, | |
| pages = {288 -- 293}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {20}, | |
| note = {Pinsky, Michael R | |
| eng | |
| K24 HL067181/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ | |
| Review | |
| 2014/04/12 06:00 | |
| Curr Opin Crit Care. 2014 Jun;20(3):288-93. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000090.} | |
| } | |
| @article{McKeown_2017_International_Emergency_Nursing, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Patients' experience of trauma care in the emergency department of a major trauma centre in the UK}}, | |
| author = {Skene, Imogen and Pott, Jason and McKeown, Eamonn}, | |
| journal = {International Emergency Nursing}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.ienj.2017.02.005}, | |
| abstract = {{International Emergency Nursing, Corrected proof. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2017.02.005}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 7}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bernard_2014_Crit_Care_Med, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Simplified severe sepsis protocol: a randomized controlled trial of modified early goal-directed therapy in Zambia}}, | |
| author = {Andrews, B and Muchemwa, L and Kelly, P and Lakhi, S and Heimburger, D C and Bernard, G R}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ccm.0000000000000541}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a simple, goal-directed sepsis treatment protocol for reducing mortality in patients with severe sepsis in Zambia. DESIGN: Single-center nonblinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Emergency department, ICU, and medical wards of the national referral hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. PATIENTS: One hundred twelve patients enrolled within 24 hours of admission with severe sepsis, defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome with suspected infection and organ dysfunction INTERVENTIONS: : Simplified Severe Sepsis Protocol consisting of up to 4 L of IV fluids within 6 hours, guided by jugular venous pressure assessment, and dopamine and/or blood transfusion in selected patients. Control group was managed as usual care. Blood cultures were collected and early antibiotics administered for both arms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause mortality. One hundred nine patients were included in the final analysis and 88 patients (80.7\%) were HIV positive. Pulmonary infections were the most common source of sepsis. In-hospital mortality rate was 64.2\% in the intervention group and 60.7\% in the control group (relative risk, 1.05; 95\% CI, 0.79-1.41). Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was isolated from 31 of 82 HIV-positive patients (37.8\%) with available mycobacterial blood culture results. Patients in Simplified Severe Sepsis Protocol received significantly more IV fluids in the first 6 hours (2.7 L vs 1.7 L, p = 0.002). The study was stopped early because of high mortality rate among patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure in the intervention arm (8/8, 100\%) compared with the control arm (7/10, 70\%; relative risk, 1.43; 95\% CI, 0.95-2.14). CONCLUSION: Factors other than tissue hypoperfusion probably account for much of the end-organ dysfunction in African patients with severe sepsis. Studies of fluid-based interventions should utilize inclusion criteria to accurately capture patients with hypovolemia and tissue hypoperfusion who are most likely to benefit from fluids. Exclusion of patients with severe respiratory distress should be considered when ventilatory support is not readily available.}}, | |
| pages = {2315 -- 2324}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {42}, | |
| note = {Andrews, Ben | |
| Muchemwa, Levy | |
| Kelly, Paul | |
| Lakhi, Shabir | |
| Heimburger, Douglas C | |
| Bernard, Gordon R | |
| ENG | |
| R24 TW007988/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ | |
| UL1 TR000445/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ | |
| Comparative Study | |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | |
| Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
| 2014/07/30 06:00 | |
| Crit Care Med. 2014 Nov;42(11):2315-24. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000541.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mossa_Basha_2021_The_British_Journal_of_Radiology, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{Computed tomography angiography findings predictive of post-intervention vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage}}, | |
| author = {Colip, Charles G and Wo, Sean and Hippe, Daniel S and Watase, Hiroko and Urdaneta-Moncada, Alfonso R and Zhu, Chengcheng and Wu, Lei and Vranic, Justin E and Kelly, Cory M and Levitt, Michael R and Mossa-Basha, Mahmud}, | |
| journal = {The British Journal of Radiology}, | |
| issn = {0007-1285}, | |
| doi = {10.1259/bjr.20200893}, | |
| pmid = {33661704}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8506174}, | |
| abstract = {{To evaluate the association of CT/CT angiography (CTA) findings and clinical characteristics with subsequent vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Consecutive presentation CTA head exams in patients with aSAH between January 2005 and June 2015 were retrospectively evaluated for intracranial arterial calcification, undulation and non-calcified stenosis. Additional variables including modified Fisher Scale (mFS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and neurological exam status were reviewed. Associations of CTA findings with the incidence of angiographic vasospasm were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator machine-learning algorithm. Model performance was summarized using c-index with bootstrap optimism-adjustment. Intracranial arterial calcification, seen in 51.7\% of 195 total patients, was protective against vasospasm (OR-0.6; 95\% CI-0.52–0.67; p = 0.009), while arterial undulation (24\%) was associated with subsequent vasospasm (OR-2.6; 95\% CI-1.3–5.1; p = 0.007). Non-calcified intracranial arterial stenosis (5\%) was associated with subsequent vasospasm, (OR-4.7; 95\% CI-1.0–22.8; p = 0.054). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator selected all three CTA findings as predictors in a multivariate model for vasospasm in addition to clinical factors, which demonstrated superior predictive performance (c-index-0.74; 95\% CI-0.69–0.82) compared to a model based on mFS and clinical factors only (c-index-0.66; 95\% CI-0.57–0.75; p = 0.010 for the difference). Presentation CTA findings combined with clinical factors may better predict the development of vasospasm in patients with aSAH compared to current prognostic models alone. The combination of initial CT/CTA and clinical findings better predict development of vasospasm after aSAH. This can lead to better markers for use in future clinical trials to develop vasospasm preventative treatments and potentially provide better targets for early aggressive treatment.}}, | |
| pages = {20200893}, | |
| number = {1121}, | |
| volume = {94} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lassen_2015_PLoS_One, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Nontraumatic hypotension and shock in the emergency department and the prehospital setting, prevalence, etiology, and mortality: a systematic review}}, | |
| author = {Holler, J G and Bech, C N and Henriksen, D P and Mikkelsen, S and Pedersen, C and Lassen, A T}, | |
| journal = {PLoS One}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0119331}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Acute patients presenting with hypotension in the prehospital or emergency department (ED) setting are in need of focused management and knowledge of the epidemiology characteristics might help the clinician. The aim of this review was to address prevalence, etiology and mortality of nontraumatic hypotension (SBP </= 90 mmHg) with or without the presence of shock in the prehospital and ED setting. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search up to August 2013, using Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Dare and The Cochrane Library. The analysis and eligibility criteria were documented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-guidelines) and The Cochrane Collaboration. No restrictions on language, publication date, or status were imposed. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS-scale) and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE-statement) to assess the quality. RESULTS: Six observational studies were considered eligible for analysis based on the evaluation of 11,880 identified papers. Prehospital prevalence of hypotension was 19.5/1000 emergency medicine service (EMS) contacts, and the prevalence of hypotensive shock was 9.5-19/1000 EMS contacts with an inhospital mortality of shock between 33 to 52\%. ED prevalence of hypotension was 4-13/1000 contacts with a mortality of 12\%. Information on mortality, prevalence and etiology of shock in the ED was limited. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to substantial heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION: There is inadequate evidence to establish concise estimates of the characteristics of nontraumatic hypotension and shock in the ED or in the prehospital setting. The available studies suggest that 2\% of EMS contacts present with nontraumatic hypotension while 1-2\% present with shock. The inhospital mortality of prehospital shock is 33-52\%. Prevalence of hypotension in the ED is 1\% with an inhospital mortality of 12\%. Prevalence, etiology and mortality of shock in the ED are not well described.}}, | |
| editor = {Calvert, John}, | |
| pages = {e0119331}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {10}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {Holler, Jon Gitz | |
| Bech, Camilla Norgaard | |
| Henriksen, Daniel Pilsgaard | |
| Mikkelsen, Soren | |
| Pedersen, Court | |
| Lassen, Annmarie Touborg | |
| eng | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Review | |
| 2015/03/20 06:00 | |
| PLoS One. 2015 Mar 19;10(3):e0119331. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119331. eCollection 2015.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ram_rez_2013_Current_Problems_in_Pediatric_and_Adolescent_Health_Careh, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| title = {{Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Ramírez, Michelle}, | |
| journal = {Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care}, | |
| issn = {1538-5442}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.10.003}, | |
| pmid = {24295608}, | |
| abstract = {{Initially known as multiple system organ failure, the term multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was first described in the 1960s in adults with bleeding, respiratory failure, and sepsis. It is defined as “the development of potentially reversible physiologic derangement involving two or more organ systems not involved in the disorder that resulted in ICU admission, and arising in the wake of a potentially life threatening physiologic insult.”3 There are many risk factors predisposing to MODS; however, the most common risk factors are shock due to any cause, sepsis, and tissue hypoperfusion. A dysregulated immune response, or immuneparalysis, in which the homeostasis between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reaction is lost is thought to be key in the development of MODS. The clinical course and evolution of MODS is dependent on a combination of acquired and genetic factors. There are several nonspecific therapies for the prevention and resolution of MODS, mostly care is supportive. Mortality from MODS in septic pediatric patients varies between 11\% and 54\%.}}, | |
| pages = {273--277}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {43}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Ramírez-Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Syndrome-2013-Current%20Problems%20in%20Pediatric%20and%20Adolescent%20Health%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Conde_2009_Journal_of_biomedical_informatics, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support}}, | |
| author = {Harris, Paul A and Taylor, Robert and Thielke, Robert and Payne, Jonathon and Gonzalez, Nathaniel and Conde, Jose G}, | |
| journal = {Journal of biomedical informatics}, | |
| issn = {1532-0464}, | |
| pages = {377--381}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {42}, | |
| keywords = {}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vayego_2015_Acta_Paulista_de_Enfermagem, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Incidência de complicações locais no cateterismo venoso periférico e fatores de risco associados}}, | |
| author = {Danski, Mitzy Tannia Reichembach and Oliveira, Gabriella Lemes Rodrigues de and Johann, Derdried Athanasio and Pedrolo, Edivane and Vayego, Stela Adami}, | |
| journal = {Acta Paulista de Enfermagem}, | |
| pages = {517 -- 523}, | |
| volume = {28} | |
| } | |
| @article{yki, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2014\_Book\_MultivariateCalculusAndGeometr.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2014_Book_MultivariateCalculusAndGeometr.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bailey_2012_JAMA, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Association between a chloride-liberal vs chloride-restrictive intravenous fluid administration strategy and kidney injury in critically ill adults}}, | |
| author = {Bellomo, Rinaldo and Hegarty, Colin and Story, David and Ho, Lisa and Bailey, Michael}, | |
| journal = {JAMA}, | |
| pages = {1566 -- 1572}, | |
| number = {15}, | |
| volume = {308} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rice_2017_Trials, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {SPLIT}, | |
| title = {{Saline versus balanced crystalloids for intravenous fluid therapy in the emergency department: study protocol for a cluster-randomized, multiple-crossover trial}}, | |
| author = {Self, Wesley H and Semler, Matthew W and Wanderer, Jonathan P and Ehrenfeld, Jesse M and Byrne, Daniel W and Wang, Li and Atchison, Leanne and Felbinger, Matthew and Jones, Ian D and Russ, Stephan and Shaw, Andrew D and Bernard, Gordon R and Rice, Todd W}, | |
| journal = {Trials}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13063-017-1923-6}, | |
| abstract = {{Prior studies in critically ill patients suggest the supra-physiologic chloride concentration of 0.9\% (“normal”) saline may be associated with higher risk of renal failure and death compared to physiologically balanced crystalloids. However, the comparative effects of 0.9\% saline and balanced fluids are largely unexamined among patients outside the intensive care unit, who represent the vast majority of patients treated with intravenous fluids. This study, entitled Saline Against Lactated Ringer’s or Plasma-Lyte in the Emergency Department (SALT-ED), is a pragmatic, cluster, multiple-crossover trial at a single institution evaluating clinical outcomes of adults treated with 0.9\% saline versus balanced crystalloids for intravenous fluid resuscitation in the emergency department. All adults treated in the study emergency department receiving at least 500 mL of isotonic crystalloid solution during usual clinical care and subsequently hospitalized outside the intensive care unit are included. Treatment allocation of 0.9\% saline versus balanced crystalloids is assigned by calendar month, with study patients treated during the same month assigned to the same fluid type. The first month (January 2016) was randomly assigned to balanced crystalloids, with each subsequent month alternating between 0.9\% saline and balanced crystalloids. For balanced crystalloid treatment, clinicians can choose either Lactated Ringer’s or Plasma-Lyte A©. The study period is set at 16 months, which will result in an anticipated estimated sample size of 15,000 patients. The primary outcome is hospital-free days to day 28, defined as the number of days alive and out of the hospital from the index emergency department visit until 28 days later. Major secondary outcomes include proportion of patients who develop acute kidney injury by creatinine measurements; major adverse kidney events by hospital discharge or day 30 (MAKE30), which is a composite outcome of death, new renal replacement therapy, and persistent creatinine elevation >200\% of baseline; and in-hospital mortality. This ongoing pragmatic trial will provide the most comprehensive evaluation to date of clinical outcomes associated with 0.9\% saline compared to physiologically balanced fluids in patients outside the intensive care unit. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02614040 . Registered on 18 November 2015.}}, | |
| pages = {178}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {18}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {12} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vincent_2002_Intensive_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2002}, | |
| title = {{The Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) versus the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in outcome prediction}}, | |
| author = {Bota, Daliana Peres and Melot, Christian and Ferreira, Flavio Lopes and Ba, Vinh Nguyen and Vincent, Jean-Louis}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0342-4642}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-002-1491-3}, | |
| pmid = {12415450}, | |
| abstract = {{Abstract Objective. To compare outcome prediction using the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), two of the systems most commonly used to evaluate organ dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU). Design. Prospective, observational study. Setting. Thirty-one-bed, university hospital ICU. Patients and participants. Nine hundred forty-nine ICU patients. Measurements and results. The MODS and the SOFA score were calculated on admission and every 48 h until ICU discharge. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was calculated on admission. Areas under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were used to compare initial, 48 h, 96 h, maximum and final scores. Of the 949 patients, 277 died (mortality rate 29.1\%). Shock was observed in 329 patients (mortality rate 55.3\%). There were no significant differences between the two scores in terms of mortality prediction. Outcome prediction of the APACHE II score was similar to the initial MODS and SOFA score in all patients, and slightly worse in patients with shock. Using the scores' cardiovascular components (CV), outcome prediction was better for the SOFA score at all time intervals (initial AUROC SOFA CV 0.750 vs MODS CV 0.694, p<0.01; 48 h AUROC SOFA CV 0.732 vs MODS CV 0.675, p<0.01; and final AUROC SOFA CV 0.781 vs MODS CV 0.674, p<0.01). The same tendency was observed in patients with shock. There were no significant differences in outcome prediction for the other five organ systems. Conclusions. MODS and SOFA are reliable outcome predictors. Cardiovascular dysfunction is better related to outcome with the SOFA score than with the MODS.}}, | |
| pages = {1619--1624}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {28} | |
| } | |
| @article{Andr__ik_2015_Traffic_Injury_Prevention, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Circumstances and causes of fatal cycling crashes in the Czech Republic}}, | |
| author = {Bíl, Michal and Bílová, Martina and Dobiáš, Martin and Andrášik, Richard}, | |
| journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention}, | |
| issn = {1538-9588}, | |
| doi = {10.1080/15389588.2015.1094183}, | |
| pmid = {26507371}, | |
| abstract = {{Objectives: The circumstances and causes of death of 129 cyclists registered in the Olomouc and the Zlín regions, the Czech Republic, between 2005 and 2013 were the subject of this study.Methods: We analyzed the autopsy reports, where the principal cause of death was stated, and obtained a detailed description of the circumstances recorded by the police officers.Results: Eighty-three cases (64.3\% of the set) were collisions involving a motor vehicle. The driver was the guilty party in 57 cases (68.7\%) and the cyclist in the remaining 26 cases (31.3\%). The most frequent cause of the crash was connected with right of way (29 cases). Cars were involved in 52 cases; heavy vehicles, including buses, in 26 cases; and motorcycles in 5 cases. Single-vehicle crashes consisted of 43 (33.3\%) cases. We divided this group into 3 subgroups based on whether the particular case could be attributed to a cyclist having lost control of the bicycle (31 cases) or to other particular causes. Sixty-eight cases (52.7\%) of fatal outcomes were directly linked to intracranial injuries. Multiple injuries were the principal cause of death in 19 cases (14.7\%), followed by hemorrhagic traumatic shock (12 cases, 9.3\%). Seventy-two (55.8\%) cyclists died immediately after the crash and 23 (17.8\%) cyclists died within a day of the accident.Conclusions: Trucks were more dangerous to cyclists than cars at intersections, whereas cars were more dangerous on straight sections. The most important pattern was identified as a motor vehicle hitting a cyclist from behind on a straight road section. We identified a strong underestimation of natural death as a cause of cycling fatalities in the official police reports.}}, | |
| pages = {394--399}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {17} | |
| } | |
| @article{PF_2019_The_Journal_of_heart_and_lung_transplantation___the_official_publication_of_the___________International_Society_for_Heart_Transplantation, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,*Algorithms,Child,Preschool,Cohort Studies,Female,Graft Rejection/*etiology/pathology,Heart Failure/etiology/*pathology/surgery,*Heart Transplantation,Humans,*Machine Learning,Male,Middle Aged,Myocardium/*pathology,Pathology,Molecular,Predictive Value of Tests,ROC Curve,Risk Assessment,Young Adult,Heart Transplantation,Algorithms,Biopsy}, | |
| title = {{An integrated molecular diagnostic report for heart transplant biopsies using an ensemble of diagnostic algorithms.}}, | |
| author = {MD, Parkes and AZ, Aliabadi and M, Cadeiras and MG, Crespo-Leiro and M, Deng and EC, Depasquale and J, Goekler and DH, Kim and J, Kobashigawa and A, Loupy and P, Macdonald and L, Potena and A, Zuckermann and PF, Halloran}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation}, | |
| issn = {1557-3117}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30795962/}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: We previously reported a microarray-based diagnostic system for heart transplant endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs), using either 3-archetype (3AA) or 4-archetype (4AA) unsupervised algorithms to estimate rejection. In the present study we examined the stability of machine-learning algorithms in new biopsies, compared 3AA vs 4AA algorithms, assessed supervised binary classifiers trained on histologic or molecular diagnoses, created a report combining many scores into an ensemble of estimates, and examined possible automated sign-outs. METHODS: We studied 889 EMBs from 454 transplant recipients at 8 centers: the initial cohort (N = 331) and a new cohort (N = 558). Published 3AA algorithms derived in Cohort 331 were tested in Cohort 558, the 3AA and 4AA models were compared, and supervised binary classifiers were created. RESULTS: A`lgorithms derived in Cohort 331 performed similarly in new biopsies despite differences in case mix. In the combined cohort, the 4AA model, including a parenchymal injury score, retained correlations with histologic rejection and DSA similar to the 3AA model. Supervised molecular classifiers predicted molecular rejection (areas under the curve [AUCs] >0.87) better than histologic rejection (AUCs <0.78), even when trained on histology diagnoses. A report incorporating many AA and binary classifier scores interpreted by 1 expert showed highly significant agreement with histology (p < 0.001), but with many discrepancies, as expected from the known noise in histology. An automated random forest score closely predicted expert diagnoses, confirming potential for automated signouts. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular algorithms are stable in new populations and can be assembled into an ensemble that combines many supervised and unsupervised estimates of the molecular disease states.}}, | |
| pages = {636--646}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {38}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: medicine,cardiology,validation,supervised learning,diagnostic accuracacy | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong study design} | |
| } | |
| @article{Nyakas_2011_Behavioural_brain_research, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The lateral hypothalamus: a site for integration of nutrient and fluid balance.}}, | |
| author = {Dijk, Gertjan van and Evers, Simon S and Guidotti, Stefano and Thornton, Simon N and Scheurink, Anton J W and Nyakas, Csaba}, | |
| journal = {Behavioural brain research}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.047}, | |
| abstract = {{This paper reviews seemingly obligatory relations between nutrient and fluid balance. A relatively novel neuronal pathway involving interplay between acetylcholine and the melanocortins, αMSH and AGRP in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus projecting to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) may bridge this gap. In the fasted condition, increased expression of MCH (due to muscarinic-3 receptor stimulation and low melanocortin tone) and neuronal release of MCH (via Orexin signaling) underlies a drive towards positive energy balance, increased B cell capacity to secrete insulin, and this is associated with optimal fluid homeostasis. A hypohydrated state is hypothesized to yield downregulation of leptin signaling (potentially via inhibitory effects of osmotic stress on mTOR), but osmotic stress may prevent MCH expression via the OVLT-SFO complex. If this occurs in an obese state, impaired pancreatic B cell capacity and peripheral insulin insensitivity as a result of hypohydration may underlie cardio-metabolic diseases.}}, | |
| pages = {481 -- 487}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {221}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {08} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sperry_2023_Scientific_Reports, | |
| year = {2023}, | |
| title = {{Evaluation of critical care burden following traumatic injury from two randomized controlled trials}}, | |
| author = {Campwala, Insiyah and Guyette, Francis X. and Brown, Joshua B. and Yazer, Mark H. and Daley, Brian J. and Miller, Richard S. and Harbrecht, Brian G. and Claridge, Jeffrey A. and Phelan, Herbert A. and Eastridge, Brian and Nirula, Raminder and Vercruysse, Gary A. and O’Keeffe, Terence and Joseph, Bellal and Neal, Matthew D. and Zuckerbraun, Brian S. and Sperry, Jason L.}, | |
| journal = {Scientific Reports}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-28422-5}, | |
| pmid = {36670216}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC9860020}, | |
| abstract = {{Trauma resuscitation practices have continued to improve with new advances targeting prehospital interventions. The critical care burden associated with severely injured patients at risk of hemorrhage has been poorly characterized. We aim to describe the individual and additive effects of multiorgan failure (MOF) and nosocomial infection (NI) on delayed mortality and resource utilization. A secondary analysis of harmonized data from two large prehospital randomized controlled trials (Prehospital Air Medical Plasma (PAMPer) Trial and Study of Tranexamic Acid during Air and Ground Medical Prehospital Transport (STAAMP) Trial) was conducted. Only those patients who survived beyond the first 24 hours post-injury and spent at least one day in the ICU were included. Patients were stratified by development of MOF only, NI only, both, or neither and diagnosis of early (≤ 3 days) versus late MOF (> 3 days). Risk factors of NI and MOF, time course of these ICU complications, associated mortality, and hospital resource utilization were evaluated. Of the 869 patients who were enrolled in PAMPer and STAAMP and who met study criteria, 27.4\% developed MOF only (n = 238), 10.9\% developed NI only (n = 95), and 15.3\% were diagnosed with both MOF and NI (n = 133). Patients developing NI and/or MOF compared to those who had an uncomplicated ICU course had greater injury severity, lower GCS, and greater shock indexes. Early MOF occurred in isolation, while late MOF more often followed NI. MOF was associated with 65\% higher independent risk of 30-day mortality when adjusting for cofounders (OR 1.65; 95\% CI 1.04–2.6; p = 0.03), however NI did not significantly affect odds of mortality. NI was individually associated with longer mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, hospital stay, and rehabilitation requirements, and the addition of MOF further increased the burden of inpatient and post-discharge care. MOF and NI remain common complications for those who survive traumatic injury. MOF is a robust independent predictor of mortality following injury in this cohort, and NI is associated with higher resource utilization. Timing of these ICU complications may reveal differences in pathophysiology and offer targets for continued advancements in treatment.}}, | |
| pages = {1106}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {13} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rasmussen_2014_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Serious adverse events in a hospital using early warning score - what went wrong?}}, | |
| author = {Petersen, J. A. and Mackel, R. and Antonsen, K. and Rasmussen, L. S.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {0300-9572}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.08.037}, | |
| pmid = {25238741}, | |
| abstract = {{AimTo evaluate the performance of a new early warning score (EWS) system by reviewing all serious adverse events in our hospital over a 6-month time period.MethodAll incidents of unexpected death (UD), cardiac arrest (CA) and unanticipated intensive care unit admission(UICU) of adult patients on general wards were reviewed to see if the escalation protocol that is part of the EWS system was followed in the 24h preceding the event, and if not where in the chain of events failure occurred.ResultsWe found 77 UICU and 67 cases of the combined outcome (CO) of CA and UD. At least two full sets of EWS were recorded in 87, 94 and 75\% of UICU, CA and UD. Patients were monitored according to the escalation protocol in 13, 31 and 13\% of UICU, CA and UD. Nurses escalated care and contacted physicians in 64\% and 60\% of events of UICU and the corresponding proportions for CO were 58\% and 55\%. On call physicians provided adequate care in 49\% of cases of UICU and 29\% of cases of the CO. Senior staff was involved according to protocol in 53\% and 36\% of cases of UICU and CO, respectively.ConclusionPoor compliance with the escalation protocol was commonly found when serious adverse events occurred but level of care provided by physicians was also a problem in a hospital with implemented early warning system. This information may prove useful in improving performance of EWS systems.}}, | |
| pages = {1699--703}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {85} | |
| } | |
| @article{T_2021_Circulation_journal___official_journal_of_the_Japanese_Circulation_Society, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Phenotype}, | |
| title = {{Clinical Phenotyping of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients With Shockable Rhythm - Machine Learning-Based Unsupervised Cluster Analysis.}}, | |
| author = {Y, Okada and S, Komukai and T, Kitamura and T, Kiguchi and T, Irisawa and T, Yamada and K, Yoshiya and C, Park and T, Nishimura and T, Ishibe and Y, Yagi and M, Kishimoto and T, Inoue and Y, Hayashi and T, Sogabe and T, Morooka and H, Sakamoto and K, Suzuki and F, Nakamura and T, Matsuyama and N, Nishioka and D, Kobayashi and S, Matsui and A, Hirayama and S, Yoshimura and S, Kimata and T, Shimazu and S, Ohtsuru and T, Iwami}, | |
| journal = {Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society}, | |
| issn = {1347-4820}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34732587/}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: The hypothesis of this study is that latent class analysis could identify the subphenotypes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients associated with the outcomes and allow us to explore heterogeneity in the effects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).Methods and Results:This study was a retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study (CRITICAL study) of OHCA patients. It included adult OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm. Patients from 2012 to 2016 (development dataset) were included in the latent class analysis, and those from 2017 (validation dataset) were included for evaluation. The association between subphenotypes and outcomes was investigated. Further, the heterogeneity of the association between ECPR implementation and outcomes was explored. In the study results, a total of 920 patients were included for latent class analysis. Three subphenotypes (Groups 1, 2, and 3) were identified, mainly characterized by the distribution of partial pressure of O(2)(PO(2)), partial pressure of CO(2)(PCO(2)) value of blood gas assessment, cardiac rhythm on hospital arrival, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The 30-day survival outcomes were varied across the groups: 15.7\% in Group 1; 30.7\% in Group 2; and 85.9\% in Group 3. Further, the association between ECPR and 30-day survival outcomes by subphenotype groups in the development dataset was as varied. These results were validated using the validation dataset. CONCLUSIONS: The latent class analysis identified 3 subphenotypes with different survival outcomes and potential heterogeneity in the effects of ECPR.}}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: OOHCA,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rowan_2005_The_Lancet, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in management of patients in intensive care (PAC-Man): a randomised controlled trial}}, | |
| author = {Harvey, Sheila and Harrison, David A and Singer, Mervyn and Ashcroft, Joanne and Jones, Carys M and Elbourne, Diana and Brampton, William and Williams, Dewi and Young, Duncan and Rowan, Kathryn}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67061-4}, | |
| pages = {472 -- 477}, | |
| number = {9484}, | |
| volume = {366} | |
| } | |
| @article{Holte_2010_Dan_Med_Bull, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Pathophysiology and clinical implications of peroperative fluid management in elective surgery}}, | |
| author = {Holte, Kathrine}, | |
| journal = {Dan Med Bull}, | |
| pages = {B4156}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {57} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bauer_2015_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Autonomic Nervous System Activity as Risk Predictor in the Medical Emergency Department}}, | |
| author = {Eick, Christian and Rizas, Konstantinos D. and Meyer-Zürn, Christine S. and Groga-Bada, Patrick and Hamm, Wolfgang and Kreth, Florian and Overkamp, Dietrich and Weyrich, Peter and Gawaz, Meinrad and Bauer, Axel}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0090-3493}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ccm.0000000000000922}, | |
| pmid = {25738854}, | |
| abstract = {{Objectives: To evaluate heart rate deceleration capacity, an electrocardiogram-based marker of autonomic nervous system activity, as risk predictor in a medical emergency department and to test its incremental predictive value to the modified early warning score. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Medical emergency department of a large university hospital. Patients: Five thousand seven hundred thirty consecutive patients of either sex in sinus rhythm, who were admitted to the medical emergency department of the University of Tübingen, Germany, between November 2010 and March 2012. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Deceleration capacity of heart rate was calculated within the first minutes after emergency department admission. The modified early warning score was assessed from respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, and level of consciousness as previously described. Primary endpoint was intrahospital mortality; secondary endpoints included transfer to the ICU as well as 30-day and 180-day mortality. One hundred forty-two patients (2.5\%) reached the primary endpoint. Deceleration capacity was highly significantly lower in nonsurvivors than survivors (2.9 ± 2.1 ms vs 5.6 ± 2.9 ms; p < 0.001) and yielded an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.780 (95\% CI, 0.745–0.813). The modified early warning score model yielded an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.706 (0.667–0.750). Implementing deceleration capacity into the modified early warning score model led to a highly significant increase of the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve to 0.804 (0.770–0.835; p < 0.001 for difference). Deceleration capacity was also a highly significant predictor of 30-day and 180-day mortality as well as transfer to the ICU. Conclusions: Deceleration capacity is a strong and independent predictor of short-term mortality among patients admitted to a medical emergency department.}}, | |
| pages = {1079--1086}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {43} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gaarder_2015_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Detection of acute traumatic coagulopathy and massive transfusion requirements by means of rotational thromboelastometry: an international prospective validation study.}}, | |
| author = {Hagemo, Jostein S and Christiaans, Sarah C and Stanworth, Simon J and Brohi, Karim and Johansson, Pär I and Goslings, J Carel and Næss, Paal A and Gaarder, Christine}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-015-0823-y}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the findings of a smaller cohort study on the functional definition and characteristics of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC). We also aimed to identify the threshold values for the most accurate identification of ATC and prediction of massive transfusion (MT) using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assays. | |
| METHODS:In this prospective international multicentre cohort study, adult trauma patients who met the local criteria for full trauma team activation from four major trauma centres were included. Blood was collected on arrival to the emergency department and analyzed with laboratory international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen concentration and two ROTEM assays (EXTEM and FIBTEM). ATC was defined as laboratory INR >1.2. Transfusion requirements of ≥10 units of packed red blood cells within 24 hours were defined as MT. Performance of the tests were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves, and calculation of area under the curve (AUC). Optimal cutoff points were estimated based on Youden index. | |
| RESULTS:In total, 808 patients were included in the study. Among the ROTEM parameters, the largest AUCs were found for the clot amplitude (CA) 5 value in both the EXTEM and FIBTEM assays. EXTEM CA5 threshold value of ≤37 mm had a detection rate of 66.3\% for ATC. An EXTEM CA5 threshold value of ≤40 mm predicted MT in 72.7\%. FIBTEM CA5 threshold value of ≤8 mm detected ATC in 67.5\%, and a FIBTEM CA5 threshold value ≤9 mm predicted MT in 77.5\%. Fibrinogen concentration ≤1.6 g/L detected ATC in 73.6\% and a fibrinogen concentration ≤1.90 g/L predicted MT in 77.8\%. Patients with either an EXTEM or FIBTEM CA5 below the optimum detection threshold for ATC received significantly more packed red blood cells and plasma. | |
| CONCLUSIONS:This study confirms previous findings of ROTEM CA5 as a valid marker for ATC and predictor for MT. With optimum threshold for EXTEM CA5 ≤ 40 mm and FIBTEM CA5 ≤ 9 mm, sensitivity is 72.7\% and 77.5\% respectively. Future investigations should evaluate the role of repeated viscoelastic testing in guiding haemostatic resuscitation in trauma.}}, | |
| pages = {97}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {19}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{Cohn_2009_Annals_of_Surgery, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{Early Hypothermia in Severely Injured Trauma Patients Is a Significant Risk Factor for Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome but Not Mortality}}, | |
| author = {Beilman, Greg J. and Blondet, Juan J. and Nelson, Teresa R. and Nathens, Avery B. and Moore, Frederick A. and Rhee, Peter and Puyana, Juan Carlos and Moore, Ernest E. and Cohn, Stephen M.}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0003-4932}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/sla.0b013e3181a41f6f}, | |
| pmid = {19387315}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: To evaluate the relationship of early hypothermia to multiple organ failure and mortality in a prospectively-collected database of severely injured trauma patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was performed at 7 level I trauma centers over a 16-month period. Severely injured trauma patients with signs of hypoperfusion (eg, base deficit, hypotension) and need for blood transfusion during their early hospital course were followed for 24 hours with near infrared spectroscopy-derived tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and other variables for 28 days to evaluate outcomes including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death. Early hypothermia was defined as the presence of a temperature ≥35°C anytime within the first 6 hours of hospitalization. Comparisons between groups were made using the Wilcoxon Two-Sample test for continuous variables and either the Fisher exact or \&khgr;2 test for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to understand the effect of hypothermia on outcome (MODS and mortality). Results: Hypothermia was very common in this cohort of patients, present in 43\% of patients enrolled (155/359). Hypothermic patients were 3 times more likely than normothermic patients to develop MODS (21\% vs. 9\%, P \= 0.003). Hypothermic patients did not have an increased incidence of mortality (16\% vs. 12\%, P\= 0.2826). Base deficit in hypothermic patients did not discriminate between patients who did or did not develop MODS (9.8 \+ 4.6 mEq/L vs. 9.4 \+ 4.4 mEq/L), but had good discrimination for mortality in both hypothermic and normothermic patients. Significant predictors of MODS using multivariate analysis included minimum StO2 (P\= 0.0014) and hypothermia (P \= 0.0371). Predictors for mortality using multivariate analysis included minimum StO2 (P\= 0.0021) and base deficit (P\= 0.0454), but not hypothermia (P\= 0.5289). Hypothermia remained a significant risk factor for MODS when systolic blood pressure, volume of fluid, and volume of blood infused were included in the multivariate model. Conclusion: Hypothermia is common in severely injured trauma patients (nearly half of patients in this series) and is a significant risk factor for MODS but not mortality. The predictive value of base deficit for development of MODS is blunted in the presence of hypothermia. A low StO2 value predicts MODS and mortality in trauma patients and is a durable measure in both normothermic and hypothermic patient groups.}}, | |
| pages = {845--850}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {249}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Beilman-Early%20Hypothermia%20in%20Severely%20Injured%20Trauma%20Patients%20Is%20a%20Significant%20Risk%20Factor%20for%20Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Syndrome%20but%20Not%20Mortality-2009-Annals%20of%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Windsor_2014_J_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{A systematic review of goal directed fluid therapy: rating of evidence for goals and monitoring methods}}, | |
| author = {Wilms, H and Mittal, A and Haydock, M D and Heever, M van den and Devaud, M and Windsor, J A}, | |
| journal = {J Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.10.019}, | |
| abstract = {{PURPOSE: To review the literature on goal directed fluid therapy and evaluate the quality of evidence for each combination of goal and monitoring method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of major digital databases and hand search of references was conducted. All studies assessing the clinical utility of a specific fluid therapy goal or set of goals using any monitoring method were included. Data was extracted using a pre-determined pro forma and papers were evaluated using GRADE principles to assess evidence quality. RESULTS: Eighty-one papers met the inclusion criteria, investigating 31 goals and 22 methods for monitoring fluid therapy in 13052 patients. In total there were 118 different goal/method combinations. Goals with high evidence quality were central venous lactate and stroke volume index. Goals with moderate quality evidence were sublingual microcirculation flow, the oxygen extraction ratio, cardiac index, cardiac output, and SVC collapsibility index. CONCLUSIONS: This review has highlighted the plethora of goals and methods for monitoring fluid therapy. Strikingly, there is scant high quality evidence, in particular for non-invasive G/M combinations in non-operative and non-intensive care settings. There is an urgent need to address this research gap, which will be helped by methodologies to compare utility of G/M combinations.}}, | |
| pages = {204 -- 209}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {29}, | |
| note = {Wilms, Heath | |
| Mittal, Anubhav | |
| Haydock, Matthew D | |
| van den Heever, Marc | |
| Devaud, Marcello | |
| Windsor, John A | |
| eng | |
| Review | |
| 2013/12/24 06:00 | |
| J Crit Care. 2014 Apr;29(2):204-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.10.019. Epub 2013 Oct 30.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Smith_2015_Natural_Computing_Series, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Introduction to Evolutionary Computing}}, | |
| author = {Eiben, A.E. and Smith, J.E.}, | |
| journal = {Natural Computing Series}, | |
| issn = {1619-7127}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-44874-8} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ward_2018_Nature_Immunology, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Innate immune responses to trauma}}, | |
| author = {Huber-Lang, Markus and Lambris, John D. and Ward, Peter A.}, | |
| journal = {Nature Immunology}, | |
| issn = {1529-2908}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/s41590-018-0064-8}, | |
| pmid = {29507356}, | |
| abstract = {{Trauma can affect any individual at any location and at any time over a lifespan. The disruption of macrobarriers and microbarriers induces instant activation of innate immunity. The subsequent complex response, designed to limit further damage and induce healing, also represents a major driver of complications and fatal outcome after injury. This Review aims to provide basic concepts about the posttraumatic response and is focused on the interactive events of innate immunity at frequent sites of injury: the endothelium at large, and sites within the lungs, inside and outside the brain and at the gut barrier.}}, | |
| pages = {327--341}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {19} | |
| } | |
| @article{Driscoll_2002_Emergency_Medicine_Journal, | |
| year = {2002}, | |
| title = {{Clinical research in emergency medicine: putting it together}}, | |
| author = {Good, A M T and Driscoll, P}, | |
| journal = {Emergency Medicine Journal}, | |
| issn = {1472-0205}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emj.19.3.242}, | |
| pmid = {11971838}, | |
| abstract = {{The difficulties in conducting good clinical research in emergency medicine can be overcome. This article will begin by identifying the main difficulties faced by the emergency medicine researcher. It will then discuss some solutions through the development and application of the research protocol. Finally, recommendations will be made with regard to writing for publication.}}, | |
| pages = {242}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {19} | |
| } | |
| @article{2016zi, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{jocn13150 pdf jsessionid 7f073502c49aaa226846e601a989d12d f02t03}}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/jocn.13150}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 11} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mukkamala_2011_Br_J_Anaesth, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Monitoring non-invasive cardiac output and stroke volume during experimental human hypovolaemia and resuscitation}}, | |
| author = {Reisner, A T and Xu, D and Ryan, K L and Convertino, V A and Rickards, C A and Mukkamala, R}, | |
| journal = {Br J Anaesth}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/bja/aeq295}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Multiple methods for non-invasive measurement of cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) exist. Their comparative capabilities are not clearly established. METHODS: Healthy human subjects (n=21) underwent central hypovolaemia through progressive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) until the onset of presyncope, followed by termination of LBNP, to simulate complete resuscitation. Measurement methods were electrical bioimpedance (EBI) of the thorax and three measurements of CO and SV derived from the arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform: the Modelflow (MF) method, the long-time interval (LTI) method, and pulse pressure (PP). We computed areas under receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC AUCs) for the investigational metrics, to determine how well they discriminated between every combination of LBNP levels. RESULTS: LTI and EBI yielded similar reductions in SV during progressive hypovolaemia and resuscitation (correlation coefficient 0.83) with ROC AUCs for distinguishing major LBNP (-60 mm Hg) vs resuscitation (0 mm Hg) of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. MF yielded very similar reductions and ROC AUCs during progressive hypovolaemia, but after resuscitation, MF-CO did not return to baseline, yielding lower ROC AUCs (DeltaROC AUC range, -0.18 to -0.26, P < 0.01). PP declined during hypovolaemia but tended to be an inferior indicator of specific LBNP levels, and PP did not recover during resuscitation, yielding lower ROC curves (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LTI, EBI, and MF were able to track progressive hypovolaemia. PP decreased during hypovolaemia but its magnitude of reduction underestimated reductions in SV. PP and MF were inferior for the identification of resuscitation.}}, | |
| pages = {23 -- 30}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {106}, | |
| note = {Reisner, A T | |
| Xu, D | |
| Ryan, K L | |
| Convertino, V A | |
| Rickards, C A | |
| Mukkamala, R | |
| eng | |
| HL-080568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ | |
| Comparative Study | |
| Evaluation Studies | |
| Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
| Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | |
| England | |
| 2010/11/06 06:00 | |
| Br J Anaesth. 2011 Jan;106(1):23-30. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq295. Epub 2010 Nov 4.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lui_2018_2018_40th_Annual_International_Conference_of_the_IEEE_Engineering_in_Medicine_and_Biology_Society__EMBC_, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {Brain,Deep Learning,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging,*Unsupervised Machine Learning}, | |
| title = {{A Deep Unsupervised Learning Approach Toward MTBI Identification Using Diffusion MRI}}, | |
| author = {Minaee, Shervin and Wang, Yao and Choromanska, Anna and Chung, Sohae and Wang, Xiuyuan and Fieremans, Els and Flanagan, Steven and Rath, Joseph and Lui, Yvonne W.}, | |
| journal = {2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)}, | |
| issn = {1557-170X}, | |
| doi = {10.1109/embc.2018.8512556}, | |
| pmid = {30440621}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30440621/}, | |
| abstract = {{Mild traumatic brain injury is a growing public health problem with an estimated incidence of over 1.7 million people annually in US. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and symptoms, and accurate, concrete measures of injury are lacking. This work aims to directly use diffusion MR images obtained within one month of trauma to detect injury, by incorporating deep learning techniques. To overcome the challenge due to limited training data, we describe each brain region using the bag of word representation, which specifies the distribution of representative patch patterns. We apply a convolutional auto-encoder to learn the patch-level features, from overlapping image patches extracted from the MR images, to learn features from diffusion MR images of brain using an unsupervised approach. Our experimental results show that the bag of word representation using patch level features learnt by the auto encoder provides similar performance as that using the raw patch patterns, both significantly outperform earlier work relying on the mean values of MR metrics in selected brain regions.}}, | |
| pages = {1267--1270}, | |
| volume = {00}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: tbi,radiology,bag of words | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Benjamin_2005_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Perioperative beta-blocker therapy and mortality after major noncardiac surgery}}, | |
| author = {Lindenauer, Peter K and Pekow, Penelope and Wang, Kaijun and Mamidi, Dheeresh K and Gutierrez, Benjamin and Benjamin, Evan M}, | |
| journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, | |
| pages = {349 -- 361}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {353} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hutchings_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{Defining multiple organ failure after major trauma: A comparison of the Denver, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and Marshall scoring systems.}}, | |
| author = {Hutchings, L and Hutchings, L and Watkinson, Peter J. and Young, Duncan and Young, J D and Willett, Keith and Willett, Keith}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma-injury Infection and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000001328}, | |
| pmid = {28030507}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. A large number of scoring systems have been proposed to define MOF, with no criterion standard. The purpose of this study was to compare three commonly used scores: the Denver Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure Score, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and the Marshall Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score, by descriptive analysis of the populations described by each score, and their predictive ability for mortality. METHODS: An observational cohort study was performed at a UK trauma center on major trauma patients requiring intensive care unit admission from 2003 to 2011. A novel trauma database was created, merging national audit data with local electronic monitoring systems. Data were collected on demographics, laboratory results, pharmacy, interventions, and hourly physiological monitoring. The primary outcome measure was mortality within 100 days from injury. Sensitivity analyses and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive ability of MOF scores for mortality. RESULTS: In total, 491 patients were included in the trauma database. MOF incidence ranged from 22.8\% (Denver) to 40.5\% (Marshall) to 58.5\% (SOFA). MOF definition did not affect timing of onset, but did alter duration and organ failure patterns. Overall mortality was 10.6\%, with Denver MOF associated with the greatest increased risk of death (hazard ratio 3.87, 95\% confidence interval, 2.24–6.66). No significant difference was observed in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values between scores. Marked differences were seen in relative predictors, with Denver showing highest specificity (81\%) and SOFA highest sensitivity (73\%) for mortality. CONCLUSION: The choice of MOF scoring system affects incidence, duration, organ dysfunction patterns, and mortality prediction. We would recommend use of the Denver score since it is simplest to calculate, identifies a high-risk group of patients, and has the strongest association with early trauma mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiological study, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {534--541}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {82}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Hutchings-Defining%20multiple%20organ%20failure%20after%20major%20trauma-%20A%20comparison%20of%20the%20Denver,%20Sequential%20Organ%20Failure%20Assessment,%20and%20Marshall%20scoring%20systems-2017-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wessem_2018, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Reduction in Mortality Rates of Postinjury Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Wessem, Karlijn J.P. van and Leenen, Luke P.H.}, | |
| journal = {SHOCK}, | |
| issn = {1073-2322}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/shk.0000000000000938}, | |
| pmid = {28682941}, | |
| abstract = {{ABSTRACT Introduction: The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) has decreased in the last decade by improvement in trauma care. However, it still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the current incidence and mortality of MODS in polytrauma patients. Patients and Methods: A 3-year prospective study included consecutive trauma patients admitted to a Level-1 Trauma Center Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Isolated head injuries, drowning, asphyxiation, and burns were excluded. Demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), physiologic parameters, resuscitation parameters, and Denver multiple organ failure (MOF) scores were prospectively collected. Data are presented as median (interquartile range \[IQR\]), P\ <\ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred fifty-seven patients were included. Median age was 45 (26–61) years, 118 males (75\%), ISS was 29 (22–37), 151 (96\%) patients had blunt injuries. Thirty-one patients developed MODS (20\%). Twenty-seven patients (17\%) died, 24 due to brain and\/or spinal cord injuries (89\%). Only one patient (3\%) died of MODS. Median highest Denver MOF score was 4 (4–5). Median time to MODS onset was 3 (3–4) days after injury with a length of 2 (1–3) days. Only seven patients (23\%) had MODS for more than 3 consecutive days. Patients who developed MODS were older, needed more blood products in the emergency department, more platelets \ <\ 8\ h and <24\ h, stayed longer on the ventilator, longer in ICU and developed more often adult respiratory distress syndrome. There was however no difference in mortality between both groups. Conclusions: In this polytrauma population mortality was predominantly caused by brain injury. Even though MODS was still present in severely injured polytrauma patients, its presentation was only early onset, less severe during a shorter time period, and accompanied by lower mortality.}}, | |
| pages = {33--38}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {49}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Wessem-Reduction%20in%20Mortality%20Rates%20of%20Postinjury%20Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Syndrome-2018-SHOCK_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pirmohamed_2004_Postgraduate_medical_journal, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Intravenous therapy}}, | |
| author = {Waitt, C and Waitt, P and Pirmohamed, M}, | |
| journal = {Postgraduate medical journal}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/archdischild-2015-310313}, | |
| abstract = {{Intravenous administration of fluids, drugs, and nutrition is very common in hospitals. Although insertion of peripheral and central cannulae and subsequent intravenous therapy are usually well tolerated, complications that prolong hospitalisation, and in some cases cause death, can arise on occasions. Additionally, many cannulae are inserted unnecessarily. This article seeks to review this area and to outline good medical practice.}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 6}, | |
| number = {939}, | |
| volume = {80}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{2019, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| url = {https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk › CBP-7281 › CBP-7281}, | |
| pages = {4}, | |
| number = {Number 7281} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rexhepi_2009_World_Journal_of_Emergency_Surgery, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{Evaluation of trauma care using TRISS method: the role of adjusted misclassification rate and adjusted w-statistic}}, | |
| author = {Llullaku, Sadik S and Hyseni, Nexhmi Sh and Bytyçi, Cen I and Rexhepi, Sylejman K}, | |
| journal = {World Journal of Emergency Surgery}, | |
| issn = {1749-7922}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1749-7922-4-2}, | |
| pmid = {19146701}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC2633290}, | |
| abstract = {{Major trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide. Evaluation of trauma care using Trauma Injury and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) method is focused in trauma outcome (deaths and survivors). For testing TRISS method TRISS misclassification rate is used. Calculating w-statistic, as a difference between observed and TRISS expected survivors, we compare our trauma care results with the TRISS standard. The aim of this study is to analyze interaction between misclassification rate and w-statistic and to adjust these parameters to be closer to the truth. Analysis of components of TRISS misclassification rate and w-statistic and actual trauma outcome. The component of false negative (FN) (by TRISS method unexpected deaths) has two parts: preventable (Pd) and non-preventable (nonPd) trauma deaths. Pd represents inappropriate trauma care of an institution; otherwise nonpreventable trauma deaths represents errors in TRISS method. Removing patients with preventable trauma deaths we get an Adjusted misclassification rate: (FP + FN - Pd)/N or (b+c-Pd)/N. Substracting nonPd from FN value in w-statistic formula we get an Adjusted w-statistic: [FP-(FN - nonPd)]/N, respectively (FP-Pd)/N, or (b-Pd)/N). Because adjusted formulas clean method from inappropriate trauma care, and clean trauma care from the methods error, TRISS adjusted misclassification rate and adjusted w-statistic gives more realistic results and may be used in researches of trauma outcome.}}, | |
| pages = {2}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {4}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Llullaku-Evaluation%20of%20trauma%20care%20using%20TRISS%20method-%20the%20role%20of%20adjusted%20misclassification%20rate%20and%20adjusted%20w-statistic-2009-World%20Journal%20of%20Emergency%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bakker_2013_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Re-thinking resuscitation: leaving blood pressure cosmetics behind and moving forward to permissive hypotension and a tissue perfusion-based approach}}, | |
| author = {Dünser, Martin W and Takala, Jukka and Brunauer, Andreas and Bakker, Jan}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| pages = {1}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {17} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hosmer_2018_British_Journal_of_Surgery, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Comparison of two prognostic models in trauma outcome}}, | |
| author = {Cook, A. and Osler, T. and Glance, L. and Lecky, F. and Bouamra, O. and Weddle, J. and Gross, B. and Ward, J. and Moore, F. O. and Rogers, F. and Hosmer, D.}, | |
| journal = {British Journal of Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0007-1323}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/bjs.10764}, | |
| pmid = {29465764}, | |
| abstract = {{The Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) in the UK publicly reports hospital performance in the management of trauma. The TARN risk adjustment model uses a fractional polynomial transformation of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) as the measure of anatomical injury severity. The Trauma Mortality Prediction Model (TMPM) is an alternative to ISS; this study compared the anatomical injury components of the TARN model with the TMPM. Data from the National Trauma Data Bank for 2011–2015 were analysed. Probability of death was estimated for the TARN fractional polynomial transformation of ISS and compared with the TMPM. The coefficients for each model were estimated using 80 per cent of the data set, selected randomly. The remaining 20 per cent of the data were used for model validation. TMPM and TARN were compared using calibration curves, measures of discrimination (area under receiver operating characteristic curves; AUROC), proximity to the true model (Akaike information criterion; AIC) and goodness of model fit (Hosmer–Lemeshow test). Some 438 058 patient records were analysed. TMPM demonstrated preferable AUROC (0·882 for TMPM versus 0·845 for TARN), AIC (18 204 versus 21 163) and better fit to the data (32·4 versus 153·0) compared with TARN. TMPM had greater discrimination, proximity to the true model and goodness‐of‐fit than the anatomical injury component of TARN. TMPM should be considered for the injury severity measure for the comparative assessment of trauma centres. Trauma Mortality Prediction Model appears better}}, | |
| pages = {513--519}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {105} | |
| } | |
| @article{Carle_2014_British_Journal_of_Hospital_medicine__London, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Should the National Early Warning Score be adopted throughout the NHS?}}, | |
| author = {Khan, N. and Carle, C.}, | |
| journal = {British Journal of Hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)}, | |
| pages = {478}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {75} | |
| } | |
| @article{Carr_2022_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Developing a measure of overall intensity of injury care: A latent class analysis}}, | |
| author = {Zebrowski, Alexis M. and Hsu, Jesse Y. and Holena, Daniel N. and Wiebe, Douglas J. and Carr, Brendan G.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000003321}, | |
| pmid = {34225349}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34225349/}, | |
| abstract = {{While injury is a leading cause of death and debility in older adults, the relationship between intensity of care and trauma remains unknown. The focus of this analysis is to measure the overall intensity of care delivered to injured older adults during hospitalization. We used Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare fee-for-service claims data (2013–2014), to identify emergency department–based claims for moderate and severe blunt trauma in age-eligible beneficiaries. Medical procedures associated with care intensity were identified using a modified Delphi method. A latent class model was estimated using the identified procedures, intensive care unit length of stay, demographics, and injury characteristics. Clinical phenotypes for each class were explored. A total of 683,398 cases were classified as low- (73\%), moderate- (23\%), and high-intensity care (4\%). Greater age and reduced injury severity were indicators of lower intensity, while males, non-Whites, and nonfall mechanisms were more common with high intensity. Intubation/mechanical ventilation was an indicator of high intensity and often occurred with at least one other procedure or an extended intensive care unit stay. This work demonstrates that, although heterogeneous, care for blunt trauma can be evaluated using a single novel measure. For prognostic/epidemiological studies, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {193--200}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {92}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Included" | |
| Zebrowski et al 2021 applied latent class analysis to routinely collected claims data for trauma patients in the US 26. They reported that Latent class analysis was able to identify groups which differed clinically in the intensity of the care that was provided during their admission following Trauma.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pape_2001_Der_Chirurg, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| keywords = {German language}, | |
| title = {{Scoring des Multiorganversagens nach schwerem Trauma Vergleich des Goris-, Marshall- und Moore-Scores}}, | |
| author = {Grotz, M. and Griensven, M. v. and Stalp, M. and Kaufmann, U. and Hildebrand, F. and Pape, H. C.}, | |
| journal = {Der Chirurg}, | |
| issn = {0009-4722}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s001040170130}, | |
| pmid = {11469095}, | |
| abstract = {{Einleitung: Scoringsysteme zum Multorganversagen (MOV) werden zur Früherkennung, Beschreibung und Definition genutzt. Ziel dieser prospektiven klinischen Untersuchung war es, die in der Literatur am meisten verbreiteten MOV-Scoringsysteme zu vergleichen und somit Aussagen hinsichtlich ihrer Präzision zu machen. Methoden: Allgemeine Daten sowie der intensivmedizinische Verlauf von 301 polytraumatisierten Patienten (PTS > 20 Punkte; Alter > 16 Jahre) wurden prospektiv dokumentiert (MOV-Scores nach Goris, Moore und Marshall). Die Patienten wurden täglich nach klinisch definierten Kriterien von einem erfahrenen Intensivmediziner klinisch in eine Gruppe mit und eine Gruppe ohne MOV eingeteilt. Über eine ROC-Analyse wurden der Cut-off-point, die Sensitivität und die Spezifität der einzelnen Scoringsysteme berechnet. Ergebnisse: Das mittlere Alter betrug 36,3 ± 1,0 Jahre, die mittlere Verletzungsschwere 36,2 ± 0,7 PTS-Punkte. 47 Patienten (15,6 \%) verstarben durchschnittlich 17,7 ± 0,7 Tage nach Trauma. Die MOV-Inzidenz betrug 26,1 \%, die MOV-Letalität 58,4 \%. Der berechnete Cut-off-point für ein MOV lag beim Goris- und Marshall-Score bei mehr als 4 Punkten, beim Moore-Score bei mehr als 3 Punkten. Der Moore-Score war mit einer Sensitivität von 81 \% und einer Spezifität von 88 \% den anderen Scoringsystemen hinsichtlich der Präzision überlegen. Insgesamt wurden mittels des Moore-Scores 93 Patienten (30,9 \%) für ein MOV identifiziert, dies entspricht einer richtigen Aussage von 85 \%. Die schlechtere Spezifität des Goris-Scores ist auf die Beurteilung der Leberfunktion (S-GOT), die des Marshall-Scores auf die Beurteilung der Funktion des Herz-Kreislaufsystems (PAH) zurückzuführen. Schlussfolgerungen: Zur Verlaufsbeobachtung des MOV nach schwerem Trauma ist der Moore-Score mit einer Sensitivität von 81 \% und einer Spezifität von 87 \% den anderen Scoringsystemen überlegen. Ab einem Punktewert von mehr als 3 kann von einem MOV ausgegangen werden. Die höhere Präzision des Moore-Scores im Vergleich zu den anderen Scoringsystemen ist vor allem dadurch begründet, dass auf offensichtlich wenig exakte Parameter verzichtet wird (S-GOT, PAH).}}, | |
| pages = {723--730}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {72}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Grotz-Scoring%20des%20Multiorganversagens%20nach%20schwerem%20Trauma%20Vergleich%20des%20Goris-,%20Marshall-%20und%20Moore-Scores-2001-Der%20Chirurg.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mythen_2001_Anesth_Analg, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The effects of balanced versus saline-based hetastarch and crystalloid solutions on acid-base and electrolyte status and gastric mucosal perfusion in elderly surgical patients}}, | |
| author = {Wilkes, Nicholas J and Woolf, Rex and Mutch, Marjorie and Mallett, Susan V and Peachey, Tim and Stephens, Robert and Mythen, Michael G}, | |
| journal = {Anesth Analg}, | |
| pages = {811 -- 816}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {93} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wang_2010_The_American_Journal_of_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Comparison of ultrarapid and rapid intravenous hydration in pediatric patients with dehydration}}, | |
| author = {Nager, Alan L and Wang, Vincent J}, | |
| journal = {The American Journal of Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2008.09.046}, | |
| url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675708007158}, | |
| pages = {123 -- 129}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {28}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @incollection{vermunt2017latent, | |
| title = {{Latent gold}}, | |
| author = {Vermunt, Jeroen K}, | |
| booktitle = {Handbook of item response theory}, | |
| pages = {533--540}, | |
| publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC} | |
| } | |
| @article{Baskett_2002_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2002}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{William O'Shaughnessy, Thomas Latta and the origins of intravenous saline}}, | |
| author = {Baskett, Thomas F}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| pages = {231 -- 234}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {55} | |
| } | |
| @article{Nagin_2014_Annals_of_Nutrition_and_Metabolism, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Group-Based Trajectory Modeling: An Overview}}, | |
| author = {Nagin, Daniel S.}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism}, | |
| issn = {0250-6807}, | |
| doi = {10.1159/000360229}, | |
| pmid = {25413659}, | |
| abstract = {{This article provides an overview of a group-based statistical methodology for analyzing developmental trajectories - the evolution of an outcome over age or time. Across all application domains, this group-based statistical method lends itself to the presentation of findings in the form of easily understood graphical and tabular data summaries. In so doing, the method provides statistical researchers with a tool for figuratively painting a statistical portrait of the predictors and consequences of distinct trajectories of development. Data summaries of this form have the great advantage of being accessible to nontechnical audiences and quickly comprehensible to audiences that are technically sophisticated. Examples of the application of the method are provided. A detailed account of the statistical underpinnings of the method and a full range of applications are provided by the author in a previous study.}}, | |
| pages = {205--210}, | |
| number = {2-3}, | |
| volume = {65}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Nagin-Group-Based%20Trajectory%20Modeling-%20An%20Overview-2014-Annals%20of%20Nutrition%20and%20Metabolism_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ciesla_2004, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| title = {{Multiple Organ Dysfunction During Resuscitation Is Not Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure}}, | |
| author = {Ciesla, David J. and Moore, Ernest E. and Johnson, Jeffrey L. and Sauaia, Angela and Cothren, Clay C. and Moore, John B. and Burch, Jon M.}, | |
| journal = {Archives of Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0004-0010}, | |
| doi = {10.1001/archsurg.139.6.590}, | |
| pmid = {15197083}, | |
| abstract = {{Hypothesis Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) within 48 hours of injury is a reversible physiologic response to tissue injury and resuscitation.Design A prospective 10-year inception cohort study ending September 2003.Setting Regional academic level I trauma center.Patients One thousand two hundred seventy-seven consecutive trauma patients at risk for postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF). Inclusion criteria were being 16 years and older, being admitted to the trauma intensive care unit, having an Injury Severity Score higher than 15, and surviving more than 48 hours after injury. Isolated head injuries were excluded.Interventions None.Main Outcome Measures Development of postinjury MOD as defined by a Denver MOF score of 4 or higher within 48 hours of injury and MOF as defined by a Denver MOF score of 4 or higher more than 48 hours after injury.Results Postinjury MOD and MOF were diagnosed in 209 (16\%) and 300 (23\%) patients, respectively. Age, Injury Severity Score, and 12-hour blood transfusion requirements were significantly higher among patients who developed MOD and MOF. Of the 209 patients who developed MOD, 134 (64\%) progressively developed MOF while 75 (36\%) had MOD resolve within 48 hours.Conclusion Multiple organ dysfunction during resuscitation is a reversible response to severe injury and often resolves during the resuscitation period.}}, | |
| pages = {590--595}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {139}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Ciesla-Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20During%20Resuscitation%20Is%20Not%20Postinjury%20Multiple%20Organ%20Failure-2004-Archives%20of%20Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Shmitchell_2021_Proceedings_of_the_2021_ACM_Conference_on_Fairness, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots}}, | |
| author = {Bender, Emily M. and Gebru, Timnit and McMillan-Major, Angelina and Shmitchell, Shmargaret}, | |
| journal = {Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency}, | |
| doi = {10.1145/3442188.3445922}, | |
| abstract = {{The past 3 years of work in NLP have been characterized by the development and deployment of ever larger language models, especially for English. BERT, its variants, GPT-2/3, and others, most recently Switch-C, have pushed the boundaries of the possible both through architectural innovations and through sheer size. Using these pretrained models and the methodology of fine-tuning them for specific tasks, researchers have extended the state of the art on a wide array of tasks as measured by leaderboards on specific benchmarks for English. In this paper, we take a step back and ask: How big is too big? What are the possible risks associated with this technology and what paths are available for mitigating those risks? We provide recommendations including weighing the environmental and financial costs first, investing resources into curating and carefully documenting datasets rather than ingesting everything on the web, carrying out pre-development exercises evaluating how the planned approach fits into research and development goals and supports stakeholder values, and encouraging research directions beyond ever larger language models.}}, | |
| pages = {610--623} | |
| } | |
| @article{Murray_2022_International_Emergency_Nursing, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| keywords = {emergency nurse,burnout,moral injury,imogen}, | |
| title = {{The positives, the challenges and the impact; an exploration of early career nurses experiences in the Emergency Department}}, | |
| author = {Power, Helen and Skene, Imogen and Murray, Esther}, | |
| journal = {International Emergency Nursing}, | |
| issn = {1755-599X}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101196}, | |
| abstract = {{Background The intense working environment of the Emergency Department (ED) is exciting and rewarding; but is renowned for high staff turnover and burnout. The wellbeing and retention of the existing workforce is imperative. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of early careers nurses in the ED; identify aspects of ED they enjoyed, the challenges and explore potential coping mechanisms used to mitigate negative situations. Methods A qualitative design was used. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult and paediatric emergency nurses who had worked in the ED for less than three years. Data were transcribed, open coded and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Four key themes emerged; (1) Drawn to emergency nursing; (2) Teamwork; (3) Time to care; and (4) Reflections on the impact. Conclusion Opportunities for learning and development and being able to provide good levels of patient care were identified important to participants. Challenging aspects of the job included high workloads, exposure to traumatic incidents, violence and aggression. The psychological impact included feelings of burnout, exhaustion, flashbacks, personal growth and perspective. Teamwork, a strong support network and opportunities for formal and informal debrief were identified as helping to mitigate challenging aspects of the job.}}, | |
| pages = {101196}, | |
| volume = {64}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Power-The%20positives,%20the%20challenges%20and%20the%20impact;%20an%20exploration%20of%20early%20career%20nurses%20experiences%20in%20the%20Emergency%20Department-2022-International%20Emergency%20Nursing.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gagg_2014_BMJ_Open, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Randomised Evaluation of modified Valsalva Effectiveness in Re-entrant Tachycardias (REVERT) study.}}, | |
| author = {Appelboam, Andrew and Reuben, Adam and Mann, Clifford and Lobban, Trudie and Ewings, Paul and Benger, Jonathan and Vickery, Jane and Barton, Andrew and Gagg, James}, | |
| journal = {BMJ Open}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004525}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION:The Valsalva manoeuvre (VM) is a recommended first-line physical treatment for patients with re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), but is often ineffective in standard practice. A failed VM is typically followed by treatment with intravenous adenosine, which patients often find unpleasant. VM effectiveness might be improved by a modification to posture which exaggerates the manoeuvre's vagal response and reduces the need for further emergency treatment. | |
| METHODS AND ANALYSIS:This is a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial in 10 UK emergency departments (EDs). It compares a standard VM with a modified VM incorporating leg elevation and a supine posture after a standardised strain in stable adult patients presenting to the ED with SVT. The primary outcome measure is return to sinus rhythm on a 12-lead ECG. Secondary outcome measures include the need for treatment with adenosine or other antiarrhythmic treatments and the time patients spend in the ED. We plan to recruit approximately 372 patients, with 80\% power to demonstrate an absolute improvement in cardioversion rate of 12\%. An improvement of this magnitude through the use of a modified VM would be of significant benefit to patients and healthcare providers, and justify a change to standard practice. | |
| ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:The study has been approved by the South West-Exeter Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 12/SW/0281). The trial will be published in an international peer reviewed journal. Study findings will be sent to the European and International resuscitation councils to inform future revisions of arrhythmia management guidelines. | |
| RESULTS:The trial will also be disseminated at international conferences and to patients through the Arrhythmia Alliance, a patient support charity. | |
| REGISTRATION:The study is registered with Current Controlled Trials (ISRCTN67937027) and has been adopted by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network.}}, | |
| pages = {e004525}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {4}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brohi_2016_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{Early changes within the lymphocyte population are associated with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Manson, Joanna and Cole, Elaine and De’Ath, Henry D and Vulliamy, Paul and Meier, Ute and Pennington, Dan and Brohi, Karim}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-016-1341-2}, | |
| pmid = {27268230}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4895987}, | |
| abstract = {{Early survival following severe injury has been improved with refined resuscitation strategies. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is common among this fragile group of patients leading to prolonged hospital stay and late mortality. MODS after trauma is widely attributed to dysregulated inflammation but the precise mechanics of this response and its influence on organ injury are incompletely understood. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between early lymphocyte responses and the development of MODS during admission. During a 24-month period, trauma patients were recruited from an urban major trauma centre to an ongoing, observational cohort study. Admission blood samples were obtained within 2 h of injury and before in-hospital intervention, including blood transfusion. The study population was predominantly male with a blunt mechanism of injury. Lymphocyte subset populations including T helper, cytotoxic T cells, NK cells and γδ T cells were identified using flow cytometry. Early cytokine release and lymphocyte count during the first 7 days of admission were also examined. This study demonstrated that trauma patients who developed MODS had an increased population of NK dim cells (MODS vs no MODS: 22 \% vs 13 \%, p < 0.01) and reduced γδ-low T cells (MODS vs no MODS: 0.02 (0.01–0.03) vs 0.09 (0.06–0.12) × 10\textasciicircum9/L, p < 0.01) at admission. Critically injured patients who developed MODS (n = 27) had higher interferon gamma (IFN-γ) concentrations at admission, compared with patients of matched injury severity and shock (n = 60) who did not develop MODS (MODS vs no MODS: 4.1 (1.8–9.0) vs 1.0 (0.6–1.8) pg/ml, p = 0.01). Lymphopenia was observed within 24 h of injury and was persistent in those who developed MODS. Patients with a lymphocyte count of 0.5 × 109/L or less at 48 h, had a 45 \% mortality rate. This study provides evidence of lymphocyte activation within 2 h of injury, as demonstrated by increased NK dim cells, reduced γδ-low T lymphocytes and high blood IFN-γ concentration. These changes are associated with the development of MODS and lymphopenia. The study reveals new opportunities for investigation to characterise the cellular response to trauma and examine its influence on recovery.}}, | |
| pages = {176}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {20} | |
| } | |
| @article{z7f, | |
| title = {{[Hadley\_Wickham]\_R\_Packages\_\_Organize,\_Test,\_Documt.pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Featherstone_2010_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{ViEWS--Towards a national early warning score for detecting adult inpatient deterioration}}, | |
| author = {Prytherch, D. R. and Smith, G. B. and Schmidt, P. E. and Featherstone, P. I.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.04.014}, | |
| pmid = {20637974}, | |
| url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20637974}, | |
| abstract = {{ Aim of study To develop a validated, paper-based, aggregate weighted track and trigger system (AWTTS) that could serve as a template for a national early warning score (EWS) for the detection of patient deterioration. Materials and methods Using existing knowledge of the relationship between physiological data and adverse clinical outcomes, a thorough review of the literature surrounding EWS and physiology, and a previous detailed analysis of published EWSs, we developed a new paper-based EWS – VitalPAC™ EWS (ViEWS). We applied ViEWS to a large vital signs database (n =198,755 observation sets) collected from 35,585 consecutive, completed acute medical admissions, and also evaluated the comparative performance of 33 other AWTTSs, for a range of outcomes using the area under the receiver-operating characteristics (AUROC) curve. Results The AUROC (95\% CI) for ViEWS using in-hospital mortality with 24h of the observation set was 0.888 (0.880–0.895). The AUROCs (95\% CI) for the 33 other AWTTSs tested using the same outcome ranged from 0.803 (0.792–0.815) to 0.850 (0.841–0.859). ViEWS performed better than the 33 other AWTTSs for all outcomes tested. Conclusions We have developed a simple AWTTS – ViEWS – designed for paper-based application and demonstrated that its performance for predicting mortality (within a range of timescales) is superior to all other published AWTTSs that we tested. We have also developed a tool to provide a relative measure of the number of “triggers” that would be generated at different values of EWS and permits the comparison of the workload generated by different AWTTSs.}}, | |
| pages = {932--7}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {81} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hall_2014_Genome_biology, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {4}, | |
| keywords = {Social Media}, | |
| title = {{The Kardashian index: a measure of discrepant social media profile for scientists.}}, | |
| author = {Hall, Neil}, | |
| journal = {Genome biology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13059-014-0424-0}, | |
| abstract = {{In the era of social media there are now many different ways that a scientist can build their public profile; the publication of high-quality scientific papers being just one. While social media is a valuable tool for outreach and the sharing of ideas, there is a danger that this form of communication is gaining too high a value and that we are losing sight of key metrics of scientific value, such as citation indices. To help quantify this, I propose the 'Kardashian Index', a measure of discrepancy between a scientist's social media profile and publication record based on the direct comparison of numbers of citations and Twitter followers.}}, | |
| pages = {424}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {15}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hopper_2010_Clinical_Pediatric_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{A Practical Guide to Successful Rehydration}}, | |
| author = {Hopper, Sandy M}, | |
| journal = {Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.cpem.2010.06.007}, | |
| abstract = {{The clinical and epidemiological spectrum of acute gastroenteritis is likely to change dramatically in the face of rotavirus vaccination. Acute gastroenteritis will become less common and severe and other viruses may predominate, such as norovirus. Oral rehydration is generally underemployed in the management of gastroenteritis. A greater emphasis on “frontloaded” care in the waiting room, the use of newer antiemetics and more prescriptive oral fluid management will reduce the need for inpatient care. When this fails, nasogastric administration of fluids is a valuable but underutilized treatment. Nasogastric rehydration is as effective, quicker, and easier to employ than intravenous rehydration at the expense of a less pleasant but short procedural experience for the child. It should be strongly considered when the insertion of an intravenous cannula is anticipated to be difficult.}}, | |
| pages = {153 -- 162}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {11} | |
| } | |
| @article{myi, | |
| title = {{Kable Extra awesome\_table\_in\_pdf.pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rohaut_2019_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Detection of Brain Activation in Unresponsive Patients with Acute Brain Injury}}, | |
| author = {Claassen, Jan and Doyle, Kevin and Matory, Adu and Couch, Caroline and Burger, Kelly M. and Velazquez, Angela and Okonkwo, Joshua U. and King, Jean-Rémi and Park, Soojin and Agarwal, Sachin and Roh, David and Megjhani, Murad and Eliseyev, Andrey and Connolly, E. Sander and Rohaut, Benjamin}, | |
| journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0028-4793}, | |
| doi = {10.1056/nejmoa1812757}, | |
| pmid = {31242361}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Brain activation in response to spoken motor commands can be detected by electroencephalography (EEG) in clinically unresponsive patients. The prevalence and prognostic importan... Brain Activation in Acutely Unresponsive Patients In a consecutive, single-center series of patients who were unable to follow commands after acute brain injury, 15\% of patients had brain activatio...}}, | |
| pages = {2497--2505}, | |
| number = {26}, | |
| volume = {380} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pr_maud_2019_Journal_of_transplantation, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {LCMM,critique,assumptions}, | |
| title = {{A Prognostic Tool for Individualized Prediction of Graft Failure Risk within Ten Years after Kidney Transplantation.}}, | |
| author = {Stamenic, Danko and Rousseau, Annick and Essig, Marie and Gatault, Philippe and Buchler, Mathias and Filloux, Matthieu and Marquet, Pierre and Prémaud, Aurélie}, | |
| journal = {Journal of transplantation}, | |
| issn = {2090-0007}, | |
| doi = {10.1155/2019/7245142}, | |
| pmid = {31093367}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6476124}, | |
| abstract = {{Identification of patients at risk of kidney graft loss relies on early individual prediction of graft failure. Data from 616 kidney transplant recipients with a follow-up of at least one year were retrospectively studied. A joint latent class model investigating the impact of serum creatinine (Scr) time-trajectories and onset of de novo donor-specific anti-HLA antibody (dnDSA) on graft survival was developed. The capacity of the model to calculate individual predicted probabilities of graft failure over time was evaluated in 80 independent patients. The model classified the patients in three latent classes with significantly different Scr time profiles and different graft survivals. Donor age contributed to explaining latent class membership. In addition to the SCr classes, the other variables retained in the survival model were proteinuria measured one-year after transplantation (HR=2.4, p=0.01), pretransplant non-donor-specific antibodies (HR=3.3, p<0.001), and dnDSA in patient who experienced acute rejection (HR=15.9, p=0.02). In the validation dataset, individual predictions of graft failure risk provided good predictive performances (sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of graft failure prediction at ten years were 77.7\%, 95.8\%, and 85\%, resp.) for the 60 patients who had not developed dnDSA. For patients with dnDSA individual risk of graft failure was not predicted with a so good performance.}}, | |
| pages = {7245142}, | |
| volume = {2019}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Stamenic-A%20Prognostic%20Tool%20for%20Individualized%20Prediction%20of%20Graft%20Failure%20Risk%20within%20Ten%20Years%20after%20Kidney%20Transplantation--2019-Journal%20of%20transplantation_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Thompson_2012_Network_Modeling_Analysis_in_Health_Informatics_and_Bioinformatics, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Semantic-enhanced models to support timely admission prediction at emergency departments}}, | |
| author = {Li, Jiexun and Guo, Lifan and Handly, Neal and Mai, Aline A and Thompson, David A}, | |
| journal = {Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s13721-012-0014-6}, | |
| pages = {161 -- 172}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {1}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {07} | |
| } | |
| @article{Walley_2005_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Microvascular resuscitation as a therapeutic goal in severe sepsis}}, | |
| author = {Bateman, Ryon M and Walley, Keith R}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| pages = {1}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {9} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rodrigo_2023_Antioxidants, | |
| year = {2023}, | |
| title = {{Potential Role of Natural Antioxidants in Countering Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke}}, | |
| author = {Orellana-Urzúa, Sofía and Briones-Valdivieso, Camilo and Chichiarelli, Silvia and Saso, Luciano and Rodrigo, Ramón}, | |
| journal = {Antioxidants}, | |
| issn = {2076-3921}, | |
| doi = {10.3390/antiox12091760}, | |
| pmid = {37760064}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC10525378}, | |
| abstract = {{Stroke and acute myocardial infarction are leading causes of mortality worldwide. The latter accounts for approximately 9 million deaths annually. In turn, ischemic stroke is a significant contributor to adult physical disability globally. While reperfusion is crucial for tissue recovery, it can paradoxically exacerbate damage through oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and cell death. Therefore, it is imperative to explore diverse approaches aimed at minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury to enhance clinical outcomes. OS primarily arises from an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased endogenous antioxidant potential. Natural antioxidant compounds can counteract the injury mechanisms linked to ROS. While promising preclinical results, based on monotherapies, account for protective effects against tissue injury by ROS, translating these models into human applications has yielded controversial evidence. However, since the wide spectrum of antioxidants having diverse chemical characteristics offers varied biological actions on cell signaling pathways, multitherapy has emerged as a valuable therapeutic resource. Moreover, the combination of antioxidants in multitherapy holds significant potential for synergistic effects. This study was designed with the aim of providing an updated overview of natural antioxidants suitable for preventing myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries.}}, | |
| pages = {1760}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {12} | |
| } | |
| @article{Desai_2012_Current_pharmaceutical_design, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Goal directed fluid therapy}}, | |
| author = {Marik, Paul E and Desai, Himanshu}, | |
| journal = {Current pharmaceutical design}, | |
| pages = {6215 -- 6224}, | |
| number = {38}, | |
| volume = {18} | |
| } | |
| @article{Borgwardt_2022_Bioinformatics, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| keywords = {MODS,Prediction}, | |
| title = {{Prediction of recovery from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in pediatric sepsis patients}}, | |
| author = {Fan, Bowen and Klatt, Juliane and Moor, Michael M and Daniels, Latasha A and Agyeman, Philipp K A and Berger, Christoph and Giannoni, Eric and Stocker, Martin and Posfay-Barbe, Klara M and Heininger, Ulrich and Bernhard-Stirnemann, Sara and Niederer-Loher, Anita and Kahlert, Christian R and Natalucci, Giancarlo and Relly, Christa and Riedel, Thomas and Aebi, Christoph and Schlapbach, Luregn J and Sanchez-Pinto, Lazaro N and Agyeman, Philipp K A and Schlapbach, Luregn J and Borgwardt, Karsten M}, | |
| journal = {Bioinformatics}, | |
| issn = {1367-4803}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btac229}, | |
| pmid = {35758775}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC9236580}, | |
| abstract = {{Sepsis is a leading cause of death and disability in children globally, accounting for ∼3 million childhood deaths per year. In pediatric sepsis patients, the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is considered a significant risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes characterized by high mortality and morbidity in the pediatric intensive care unit. The recent rapidly growing availability of electronic health records (EHRs) has allowed researchers to vastly develop data-driven approaches like machine learning in healthcare and achieved great successes. However, effective machine learning models which could make the accurate early prediction of the recovery in pediatric sepsis patients from MODS to a mild state and thus assist the clinicians in the decision-making process is still lacking. This study develops a machine learning-based approach to predict the recovery from MODS to zero or single organ dysfunction by 1 week in advance in the Swiss Pediatric Sepsis Study cohort of children with blood-culture confirmed bacteremia. Our model achieves internal validation performance on the SPSS cohort with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 79.1\% and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 73.6\%, and it was also externally validated on another pediatric sepsis patients cohort collected in the USA, yielding an AUROC of 76.4\% and AUPRC of 72.4\%. These results indicate that our model has the potential to be included into the EHRs system and contribute to patient assessment and triage in pediatric sepsis patient care. Code available at https://github.com/BorgwardtLab/MODS-recovery. The data underlying this article is not publicly available for the privacy of individuals that participated in the study. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.}}, | |
| pages = {i101--i108}, | |
| number = {Supplement\_1}, | |
| volume = {38} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kellermann_2010_Health_Affairs, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {cap-ai}, | |
| title = {{Where Americans Get Acute Care: Increasingly, It’s Not At Their Doctor’s Office}}, | |
| author = {Pitts, Stephen R and Carrier, Emily R and Rich, Eugene C and Kellermann, Arthur L}, | |
| journal = {Health Affairs}, | |
| doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2009.1026}, | |
| url = {http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/29/9/1620}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 11}, | |
| month = {08} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pawson_2011_BMC_Medical_Research_Methodology, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Protocol - realist and meta-narrative evidence synthesis: Evolving Standards (RAMESES)}}, | |
| author = {Greenhalgh, Trisha and Wong, Geoff and Westhorp, Gill and Pawson, Ray}, | |
| journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1471-2288-11-115}, | |
| url = {https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-11-115}, | |
| abstract = {{<h2>Abstract</h2> <h3>Background</h3> There is growing interest in theory-driven, qualitative and mixed-method approaches to systematic review as an alternative to (or to extend and supplement) conventional Cochrane-style reviews. These approaches offer the potential to expand the knowledge base in policy-relevant areas - for example by explaining the success, failure or mixed fortunes of complex interventions. However, the quality of such reviews can be difficult to assess. This study aims to produce methodological guidance, publication standards and training resources for those seeking to use the realist and/or meta-narrative approach to systematic review. <h3>Methods/design</h3> We will: [a] collate and summarise existing literature on the principles of good practice in realist and meta-narrative systematic review; [b] consider the extent to which these principles have been followed by published and in-progress reviews, thereby identifying how rigour may be lost and how existing methods could be improved; [c] using an online Delphi method with an interdisciplinary panel of experts from academia and policy, produce a draft set of methodological steps and publication standards; [d] produce training materials with learning outcomes linked to these steps; [e] pilot these standards and training materials prospectively on real reviews-in-progress, capturing methodological and other challenges as they arise; [f] synthesise expert input, evidence review and real-time problem analysis into more definitive guidance and standards; [g] disseminate outputs to audiences in academia and policy. The outputs of the study will be threefold: 1. Quality standards and methodological guidance for realist and meta-narrative reviews for use by researchers, research sponsors, students and supervisors 2. A 'RAMESES' (Realist and Meta-review Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards) statement (comparable to CONSORT or PRISMA) of publication standards for such reviews, published in an open-access academic journal. 3. A training module for researchers, including learning outcomes, outline course materials and assessment criteria. <h3>Discussion</h3> Realist and meta-narrative review are relatively new approaches to systematic review whose overall place in the secondary research toolkit is not yet fully established. As with all secondary research methods, guidance on quality assurance and uniform reporting is an important step towards improving quality and consistency of studies.}}, | |
| pages = {115}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {08} | |
| } | |
| @article{Coats_2006_Emergency_Medicine_Journal, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| title = {{Consent for emergency care research: the Mental Capacity Act 2005}}, | |
| author = {Coats, T J}, | |
| journal = {Emergency Medicine Journal}, | |
| issn = {1472-0205}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emj.2006.041640}, | |
| pmid = {17130591}, | |
| pages = {893}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {23} | |
| } | |
| @article{Coats_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The haemodynamic dilemma in emergency care: Is fluid responsiveness the answer? A systematic review}}, | |
| author = {Elwan, Mohammed H and Roshdy, Ashraf and Elsharkawy, Eman M and Eltahan, Salah M and Coats, Timothy J}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13049-017-0370-4}, | |
| abstract = {{Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 2017, doi:10.1186/s13049-017-0370-4}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 11}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vincent_2014_Br_J_Anaesth, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Isotonic crystalloid solutions: a structured review of the literature}}, | |
| author = {Cortes, D Orbegozo and Bonor, A Rayo and Vincent, J L}, | |
| journal = {Br J Anaesth}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/bja/aeu047}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Several different crystalloid solutions are available for i.v. fluid administration but there is little information about their specific advantages and disadvantages. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL up until May 17, 2012, selecting all prospective human studies that directly compared any near-isotonic crystalloids and reported any outcome. RESULTS: From the 5060 articles retrieved in the search, only 28 met the selection criteria. There was considerable heterogeneity among the studies. Several articles reported an increased incidence of hyperchloraemic acidosis with the use of normal saline, and others an increase in blood lactate levels when large amounts of Ringer's lactate solutions were infused. From the limited data available, normal saline administration appears to be associated with increased blood loss and greater red blood cell transfusion volumes in high-risk populations compared to Ringer's lactate. Possible effects of the different solutions on renal function, inflammatory response, temperature, hepatic function, glucose metabolism, and splanchnic perfusion are also reported. The haemodynamic profiles of all the solutions were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Different solutions have different effects on acid-base status, electrolyte levels, coagulation, renal, and hepatic function. Whether these differences have clinical consequences remains unclear.}}, | |
| pages = {968 -- 981}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {112}, | |
| note = {Orbegozo Cortes, D | |
| Rayo Bonor, A | |
| Vincent, J L | |
| ENG | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2014/04/17 06:00 | |
| Br J Anaesth. 2014 Jun;112(6):968-81. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu047. Epub 2014 Apr 15.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Coats_2003_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2003}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy}}, | |
| author = {Brohi, Karim and Singh, Jasmin and Heron, Mischa and Coats, Timothy}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/01.ta.0000069184.82147.06}, | |
| abstract = {{s: One thousand eight hundred sixty-seven consecutive trauma patients were reviewed, of whom 1,088 had full data sets. Median Injury Severity Score was 20, and 57.7\% had an Injury Severity Score > 15; 24.4\% of patients had a significant coagulopathy. Patients with an acute coagulopathy had significantly higher mortality (46.0\% vs. 10.9\%;θ2,p< 0.001). The incidence of coagulopathy increased with severity of injury, but was not related to the volume of intravenous fluid administered (r2 = 0.25,p< 0.001). Conclusion: There is a common and clinically important acute traumatic coagulopathy that is not related to fluid administration. This is a marker of injury severity and is related to mortality. A coagulation screen is an important early test in severely injured patients....}}, | |
| pages = {1127 -- 1130}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {54}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {06}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Brohi-Acute%20Traumatic%20Coagulopathy-2003-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{T_2021_Circulation_journal___official_journal_of_the_Japanese_Circulation_Society5u, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Phenotype}, | |
| title = {{Clinical Phenotyping of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients With Shockable Rhythm - Machine Learning-Based Unsupervised Cluster Analysis.}}, | |
| author = {Y, Okada and S, Komukai and T, Kitamura and T, Kiguchi and T, Irisawa and T, Yamada and K, Yoshiya and C, Park and T, Nishimura and T, Ishibe and Y, Yagi and M, Kishimoto and T, Inoue and Y, Hayashi and T, Sogabe and T, Morooka and H, Sakamoto and K, Suzuki and F, Nakamura and T, Matsuyama and N, Nishioka and D, Kobayashi and S, Matsui and A, Hirayama and S, Yoshimura and S, Kimata and T, Shimazu and S, Ohtsuru and T, Iwami}, | |
| journal = {Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society}, | |
| issn = {1347-4820}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34732587/}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: The hypothesis of this study is that latent class analysis could identify the subphenotypes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients associated with the outcomes and allow us to explore heterogeneity in the effects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).Methods and Results:This study was a retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study (CRITICAL study) of OHCA patients. It included adult OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm. Patients from 2012 to 2016 (development dataset) were included in the latent class analysis, and those from 2017 (validation dataset) were included for evaluation. The association between subphenotypes and outcomes was investigated. Further, the heterogeneity of the association between ECPR implementation and outcomes was explored. In the study results, a total of 920 patients were included for latent class analysis. Three subphenotypes (Groups 1, 2, and 3) were identified, mainly characterized by the distribution of partial pressure of O(2)(PO(2)), partial pressure of CO(2)(PCO(2)) value of blood gas assessment, cardiac rhythm on hospital arrival, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The 30-day survival outcomes were varied across the groups: 15.7\% in Group 1; 30.7\% in Group 2; and 85.9\% in Group 3. Further, the association between ECPR and 30-day survival outcomes by subphenotype groups in the development dataset was as varied. These results were validated using the validation dataset. CONCLUSIONS: The latent class analysis identified 3 subphenotypes with different survival outcomes and potential heterogeneity in the effects of ECPR.}}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: OOHCA,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Timmons_2022_Journal_of_Advanced_Nursing, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{‘You're on show all the time’: Moderating emotional labour through space in the emergency department}}, | |
| author = {Kirk, Kate and Cohen, Laurie and Edgley, Alison and Timmons, Stephen}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Advanced Nursing}, | |
| issn = {0309-2402}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/jan.15315}, | |
| pmid = {35748034}, | |
| abstract = {{This is the second of two papers conceptualizing emotional labour in the emergency department (ED). This paper aims to understand the environmental ‘moderators’ of ED nurses’ emotional labour. Ethnography, through an interpretivist philosophy, enabled immersion in the ED setting, gathering the lived experiences and narratives of the ED nurses. Observation and semi‐structured interviews over a 6‐month period. Two hospital sites (one district general and one major trauma centre based in the United Kingdom. Over 200 h of observation plus 18 formal/semi‐structured interviews were completed. Environmental, institutional and organizational dynamics of the emergency department instrumented the emotional labour undertaken by the nursing team. Time and space were found to be ‘moderators’ of ED nurses' emotional labour. This paper focusses on the relevance of space and in particular, ‘excessive visibility’ with little respite for the nurses from their intense emotional performance. Emotional labour is critical to staff well‐being and the way in which healthcare spaces are designed has an impact on emotional labour. Understanding how emotional labour is moderated in different clinical settings can inform organizational, environmental and workforce‐related decision‐making.}}, | |
| pages = {3320--3329}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {78}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Kirk-‘You're%20on%20show%20all%20the%20time’-%20Moderating%20emotional%20labour%20through%20space%20in%20the%20emergency%20department-2022-Journal%20of%20Advanced%20Nursing.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Khanna_2010_International_Journal_of_Ayurveda_Research, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{Understanding survival analysis: Kaplan-Meier estimate}}, | |
| author = {Kishore, Jugal and Goel, ManishKumar and Khanna, Pardeep}, | |
| journal = {International Journal of Ayurveda Research}, | |
| issn = {0974-7788}, | |
| doi = {10.4103/0974-7788.76794}, | |
| pmid = {21455458}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC3059453}, | |
| abstract = {{Kaplan-Meier estimate is one of the best options to be used to measure the fraction of subjects living for a certain amount of time after treatment. In clinical trials or community trials, the effect of an intervention is assessed by measuring the number of subjects survived or saved after that intervention over a period of time. The time starting from a defined point to the occurrence of a given event, for example death is called as survival time and the analysis of group data as survival analysis. This can be affected by subjects under study that are uncooperative and refused to be remained in the study or when some of the subjects may not experience the event or death before the end of the study, although they would have experienced or died if observation continued, or we lose touch with them midway in the study. We label these situations as censored observations. The Kaplan-Meier estimate is the simplest way of computing the survival over time in spite of all these difficulties associated with subjects or situations. The survival curve can be created assuming various situations. It involves computing of probabilities of occurrence of event at a certain point of time and multiplying these successive probabilities by any earlier computed probabilities to get the final estimate. This can be calculated for two groups of subjects and also their statistical difference in the survivals. This can be used in Ayurveda research when they are comparing two drugs and looking for survival of subjects.}}, | |
| pages = {274}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {1} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wessem_2020, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Attenuation of MODS-related and ARDS-related mortality makes infectious complications a remaining challenge in the severely injured}}, | |
| author = {Wessem, Karlijn J.P. van and Hietbrink, Falco and Leenen, Luke P.H.}, | |
| journal = {Trauma Surgery \& Acute Care Open}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/tsaco-2019-000398}, | |
| pmid = {32154377}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC7046953}, | |
| abstract = {{The recent decrease in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)-associated and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-associated mortality could be considered a success of improvements in trauma care. However, the incidence of infections remains high in patients with polytrauma, with high morbidity and hospital resources usage. Infectious complications might be a residual effect of the decrease in MODS-related/ARDS-related mortality. This study investigated the current incidence of infectious complications in polytrauma. A 5.5-year prospective population-based cohort study included consecutive severely injured patients (age >15) admitted to a (Level-1) trauma center intensive care unit (ICU) who survived >48 hours. Demographics, physiologic and resuscitation parameters, multiple organ failure and ARDS scores, and infectious complications (pneumonia, fracture-related infection, meningitis, infections related to blood, wound, and urinary tract) were prospectively collected. Data are presented as median (IQR), p<0.05 was considered significant. 297 patients (216 (73\%) men) were included with median age of 46 (27–60) years, median Injury Severity Score was 29 (22–35), 96\% sustained blunt injuries. 44 patients (15\%) died. One patient (2\%) died of MODS and 1 died of ARDS. 134 patients (45\%) developed 201 infectious complications. Pneumonia was the most common complication (50\%). There was no difference in physiologic parameters on arrival in emergency department and ICU between patients with and without infectious complications. Patients who later developed infections underwent more often a laparotomy (32\% vs 18\%, p=0.009), had more often pelvic fractures (38\% vs 25\%,p=0.02), and received more blood products <8 hours. They had more often MODS (25\% vs 13\%, p=0.005), stayed longer on the ventilator (10 (5–15) vs 5 (2–8) days, p<0.001), longer in ICU (11 (6–17) vs 6 (3–10) days, p<0.001), and in hospital (30 (20–44) vs 16 (10–24) days, p<0.001). There was however no difference in mortality (12\% vs 17\%, p=0.41) between both groups. 45\% of patients developed infectious complications. These patients had similar mortality rates, but used more hospital resources. With low MODS-related and ARDS-related mortality, infections might be a residual effect, and are one of the remaining challenges in the treatment of patients with polytrauma. Level 3. Population-based cohort study.}}, | |
| pages = {e000398}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {5}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Wessem-Attenuation%20of%20MODS-related%20and%20ARDS-related%20mortality%20makes%20infectious%20complications%20a%20remaining%20challenge%20in%20the%20severely%20injured-2020-Trauma%20Surgery%20&%20Acute%20Care%20Open.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Goggs_2015, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Small Animal Critical Care Medicine (Second Edition)}}, | |
| author = {Goggs, Robert A.N. and Lewis, Daniel Huw}, | |
| journal = {Part I: Key Critical Care Concepts}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/b978-1-4557-0306-7.00007-6}, | |
| abstract = {{null}}, | |
| pages = {35--46}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Goggs-Chapter%207%20–%20Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Syndrome-2015-null_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Goodarzi_1990_Archives_of_Surgery, | |
| year = {1990}, | |
| title = {{Early Physiologic Predictors of Injury Severity and Death in Blunt Multiple Trauma}}, | |
| author = {Siegel, John H. and Rivkind, Avraham I. and Dalal, Samir and Goodarzi, Shirin}, | |
| journal = {Archives of Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0004-0010}, | |
| doi = {10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410160084019}, | |
| pmid = {2322117}, | |
| abstract = {{The importance of admission physiological and biochemical variables was modeled on data from 185 patients with blunt liver trauma with regard to their significance in prediction of mortality. The variables used were admission Glasgow Coma Score, base excess (or deficit), arterial lactate, injury Severity Score, and initial 24-hour volume of blood required for replacement. Each variable was modeled as a predictor of survival alone and in combination, using a linear logistic model. In any two-variable combination, Glasgow Coma Score had a high likelihood ratio for prediction representing the influence of brain injury. But as a single variable reflecting the probability of death, both base excess (LD50 = -11.8 mmol/L) and initial 24-hour volume of blood (LD50=5.4 L) were highly significant. A combined logistic model of admission Glasgow Coma Score and base excess had the greatest likelihood of accurate prediction of outcome: P death = eλ/l + eλ; where λ= -0.21(Glasgow Coma Score)-0.147(base excess) + 0.285. Testing of this predictive model on data from 323 additional patients with multiple trauma who had pelvic fracture as their index injury also showed it to be a highly significant early predictor of outcome.(Arch Surg. 1990;125:498-508)}}, | |
| pages = {498--508}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {125}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Siegel-Early%20Physiologic%20Predictors%20of%20Injury%20Severity%20and%20Death%20in%20Blunt%20Multiple%20Trauma-1990-Archives%20of%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Formulary_2017, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) : British National Formulary}}, | |
| author = {Formulary, British National}, | |
| url = {https://www.evidence.nhs.uk/formulary/bnf/current/9-nutrition-and-blood/92-fluids-and-electrolytes/921-oral-preparations-for-fluid-and-electrolyte-imbalance/9212-oral-sodium-and-water/oral-rehydration-therapy-ort}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Duggleby_2014_BMJ_quality_improvement_reports, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Intravenous fluid prescribing: Improving prescribing practices and documentation in line with NICE CG174 guidance.}}, | |
| author = {Sansom, Luke Thomas and Duggleby, Luke}, | |
| journal = {BMJ quality improvement reports}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmjquality.u205899.w2409}, | |
| abstract = {{Intravenous (IV) fluid prescribing is a common occurrence in inpatient settings; it has been repeatedly demonstrated that high levels of mortality and morbidity are associated with inappropriate IV fluid prescribing. IV fluid prescriptions are often completed by the most junior and inexperienced members of the clinical team. In recognition of the issues surrounding IV fluid prescribing and in an effort to combat the issues surrounding current practice, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published guidance in December 2013 - 'Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital (CG174)'. At our hospital the approach to IV fluid prescribing amongst junior doctors was highly variable with poor awareness of the NICE guidance. We defined necessary components for the documentation of IV fluid prescriptions based upon the NICE guidance. Our initial data showed that these components were infrequently documented, with prescriptions often having no indication for IV fluid, no 24 hour plan / review, no documentation of patient weight or request for further weights, and no current or requested fluid balance charts. Lanyard cards emphasising the necessary components of an appropriate IV fluid prescription along with a copy of the NICE fluid prescribing algorithm were distributed to junior doctors on the acute admissions units. Following the introduction of the lanyard cards there was a significant increase in the documentation of the defined prescription components. Significant increases in the documentation of indication for IV fluid and patient weight, which are essential components of accurate fluid prescription, were demonstrated on both medical and surgical admissions units. Subsequently, as a result of improved documentation and consideration given to fluid prescriptions, we were able to increase the percentage of maintenance IV fluid prescriptions that conformed to NICE guidelines. As an endpoint to this intervention all new Foundation Year 1 doctors at our hospital were issued with IV fluid prescribing lanyard cards at Trust induction; the authors believe that this intervention will lead to a unified approach and a sustained improvement in IV fluid prescribing practices and prescription documentation at this hospital site.}}, | |
| pages = {u205899.w2409}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {3}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Health_2017_bnf_nice_org_uk, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Fluids and electrolytes | Treatment summary | BNF Provided by NICE}}, | |
| author = {Health, NICE - National Institute for}, | |
| url = {bnf.nice.org.uk}, | |
| urldate = {0}, | |
| month = {06} | |
| } | |
| @article{Waydhas_1992, | |
| year = {1992}, | |
| title = {{Inflammatory Mediators, Infection, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Failure After Severe Trauma}}, | |
| author = {Waydhas, Christian and Nast-Kolb, Dieter and Jochum, Marianne and Trupka, Arnold and Lenk, Susann and Fritz, Hans and Duswald, Karl-Heimo and Schweiberer, Leonhard}, | |
| journal = {Archives of Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0004-0010}, | |
| doi = {10.1001/archsurg.1992.01420040106019}, | |
| pmid = {1348412}, | |
| abstract = {{The relation of (multiple) organ failure (OF) to the release of inflammatory mediators and the incidence of infection and sepsis was studied prospectively in 100 patients with multiple trauma (injury severity score=37). Sixteen patients died of OF, 47 patients survived OF, and 37 patients had no OF. Fifteen (24\%) of the patients with OF showed no signs of infection. In patients with early onset of OF (n=45), infection followed with a lag of 2 or more days. In 16 (44\%) of these patients, infection led to a deterioration in organ function. With late onset of OF (n=18), infection preceded OF in nine patients. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte—elastase, neopterin, C-reactive protein, lactate, antithrombin III, and phospholipase A discriminated significantly among the three outcome groups. Of all factors, only polymorphonuclear leukocyte—elastase showed a difference between patients with and without infection or sepsis, respectively. These data indicate that infection might not play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic OF in a substantial portion of patients with trauma. Early OF, especially, seems to be mainly influenced by the direct sequelae of tissue damage and shock (eg, the release of inflammatory mediators). Since infection and sepsis did not lead to an augmented release of mediators in patients with trauma, the role of both entities remains unclear.(Arch Surg. 1992;127:460-467)}}, | |
| pages = {460--467}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {127}, | |
| note = {Added to organ dysfunction history. | |
| The references 9-10 have early suggestions that MOF does not come from infection. | |
| 94\% of patients who died had MOF. Low incidence of Sepsis in the mortality group | |
| Descriptions of the second peal of organ failutr | |
| }, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Waydhas-Inflammatory%20mediators,%20infection,%20sepsis,%20and%20multiple%20organ%20failure%20after%20severe%20trauma-1992-Archives%20of%20Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{MD_2018_Annals_of_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {cap-ai}, | |
| title = {{Machine-Learning-Based Electronic Triage More Accurately Differentiates Patients With Respect to\ Clinical Outcomes Compared With the Emergency Severity Index}}, | |
| author = {PhD, Scott Levin and BS, Matthew Toerper and MBA, Eric Hamrock and PhD, Jeremiah S Hinson MD and PhD, Sean Barnes and RN, Heather Gardner and PhD, Andrea Dugas MD and MD, Bob Linton and MPH, Tom Kirsch MD and MD, Gabor Kelen}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.08.005}, | |
| abstract = {{Annals of Emergency Medicine, 71 (2018) 565-576. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.08.005}}, | |
| pages = {565 -- 574.e2}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {71}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Fraser_2013_Aust_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{The effect of implementing a modified early warning scoring (MEWS) system on the adequacy of vital sign documentation}}, | |
| author = {Hammond, N. E. and Spooner, A. J. and Barnett, A. G. and Corley, A. and Brown, P. and Fraser, J. F.}, | |
| journal = {Aust Crit Care}, | |
| issn = {1036-7314 (Print) 1036-7314 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.aucc.2012.05.001}, | |
| pmid = {22652368}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22652368}, | |
| abstract = {{Introduction and objectivesEarly recognition of deteriorating patients results in better patient outcomes. Modified early warning scores (MEWS) attempt to identify deteriorating patients early so timely interventions can occur thus reducing serious adverse events.We compared frequencies of vital sign recording 24h post-ICU discharge and 24h preceding unplanned ICU admission before and after a new observation chart using MEWS and an associated educational programme was implemented into an Australian Tertiary referral hospital in Brisbane.DesignProspective before-and-after intervention study, using a convenience sample of ICU patients who have been discharged to the hospital wards, and in patients with an unplanned ICU admission, during November 2009 (before implementation; n=69) and February 2010 (after implementation; n=70).Main outcome measuresAny change in a full set or individual vital sign frequency before-and-after the new MEWS observation chart and associated education programme was implemented. A full set of vital signs included Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), temperature (T°), oxygen saturation (SaO2) respiratory rate (RR) and urine output (UO).ResultsAfter the MEWS observation chart implementation, we identified a statistically significant increase (210\%) in overall frequency of full vital sign set documentation during the first 24h post-ICU discharge (95\% CI 148, 288\%, p value <0.001). Frequency of all individual vital sign recordings increased after the MEWS observation chart was implemented. In particular, T° recordings increased by 26\% (95\% CI 8, 46\%, p value=0.003).An increased frequency of full vital sign set recordings for unplanned ICU admissions were found (44\%, 95\% CI 2, 102\%, p value=0.035). The only statistically significant improvement in individual vital sign recordings was urine output, demonstrating a 27\% increase (95\% CI 3, 57\%, p value=0.029).ConclusionsThe implementation of a new MEWS observation chart plus a supporting educational programme was associated with statistically significant increases in frequency of combined and individual vital sign set recordings during the first 24h post-ICU discharge. There were no significant changes to frequency of individual vital sign recordings in unplanned admissions to ICU after the MEWS observation chart was implemented, except for urine output. Overall increases in the frequency of full vital sign sets were seen.}}, | |
| pages = {18--22}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {26} | |
| } | |
| @article{Minei_2007_The_Journal_of_Trauma__Injury, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| title = {{Early Hyperglycemia Predicts Multiple Organ Failure and Mortality but Not Infection}}, | |
| author = {Sperry, Jason L. and Frankel, Heidi L. and Vanek, Sue L. and Nathens, Avery B. and Moore, Ernest E. and Maier, Ronald V. and Minei, Jospeh P.}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0022-5282}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0b013e31812e51fc}, | |
| pmid = {18073591}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: Previous studies attempting to characterize the association between early hyperglycemia (EH) and subsequent outcome have been performed without utilization of a strict glycemic control protocol. We sought to characterize the clinical outcomes associated with EH in a cohort of severely injured trauma patients, when a strict glycemic control protocol was used. Methods: Data were obtained from a multicenter prospective cohort study evaluating clinical outcomes in blunt injured adults with hemorrhagic shock. Known diabetics and patients with isolated traumatic brain injury were excluded from the analysis. A strict glycemic protocol (target glucose, 80–110 mg/dL) was employed. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the effects of EH on multiple organ failure (MOF), nosocomial infection (NI), and mortality, after adjusting for the effects of early death on subsequent infection rates. Results: Overall mortality, MOF, and NI rates for the entire cohort were 19.6\%, 37.5\%, and 42.2\%, respectively, with a mean Injury Severity Score of 31.6 ± 14. Cox proportional hazard regression confirmed that EH was independently associated with almost a twofold higher mortality rate and a 30\% higher incidence of MOF, but was not an independent risk factor for NI, after controlling for all important confounders. There continued to be no independent association between EH and NI, even when stratified by infection type (pneumonia, catheter-related blood stream infection, or urinary tract infection). Conclusion: These results suggest that EH is a marker of severe physiologic insult after injury, and that strict glycemic control may reduce or prevent the infectious complications previously shown to be associated with hyperglycemia early after injury.}}, | |
| pages = {487--494}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {63}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Sperry-Early%20Hyperglycemia%20Predicts%20Multiple%20Organ%20Failure%20and%20Mortality%20but%20Not%20Infection-2007-The%20Journal%20of%20Trauma-%20Injury,%20Infection,%20and%20Critical%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{ee, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Moldawer_2018_Frontiers_in_Immunology, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Chronic Critical Illness and the Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Hawkins, Russell B. and Raymond, Steven L. and Stortz, Julie A. and Horiguchi, Hiroyuki and Brakenridge, Scott C. and Gardner, Anna and Efron, Philip A. and Bihorac, Azra and Segal, Mark and Moore, Frederick A. and Moldawer, Lyle L.}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, | |
| issn = {1664-3224}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2018.01511}, | |
| pmid = {30013565}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6036179}, | |
| abstract = {{Dysregulated host immune responses to infection often occur, leading to sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death. Some patients rapidly recover from sepsis, but many develop chronic critical illness (CCI), a debilitating condition that impacts functional outcomes and long-term survival. The “Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome” (PICS) has been postulated as the underlying pathophysiology of CCI. We propose that PICS is initiated by an early genomic and cytokine storm in response to microbial invasion during the early phase of sepsis. However, once source control, antimicrobial coverage, and supportive therapies have been initiated, we propose that the persistent inflammation in patients developing CCI is a result of ongoing endogenous alarmin release from damaged organs and loss of muscle mass. This ongoing alarmin and danger-associated molecular pattern signaling causes chronic inflammation and a shift in bone marrow stem cell production toward myeloid cells, contributing to chronic anemia and lymphopenia. We propose that therapeutic interventions must target the chronic organ injury and lean tissue wasting that contribute to the release of endogenous alarmins and the expansion and deposition of myeloid progenitors that are responsible for the propagation and persistence of CCI.}}, | |
| pages = {1511}, | |
| volume = {9} | |
| } | |
| @article{Deka_2002_Asia_Oceania_Journal_of_Obstetrics_and_Gynaecology, | |
| year = {2002}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Effect of maternal oral hydration on amniotic fluid index in women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension}}, | |
| author = {Malhotra, Bhawna and Deka, Deepika}, | |
| journal = {Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology}, | |
| doi = {10.1046/j.1341-8076.2002.00030.x}, | |
| url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1341-8076.2002.00030.x/full}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: To evaluate the effect of maternal oral hydration on amniotic fluid index (AFI) in women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension.Methods: Five women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension and five...}}, | |
| pages = {194 -- 198}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {28}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {08} | |
| } | |
| @article{Offner_2000, | |
| year = {2000}, | |
| title = {{Multiple Organ Failure, Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Therapy}}, | |
| author = {Offner, Patrick J. and Moore, Ernest E.}, | |
| journal = {null}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-1-4612-1222-5\_4}, | |
| abstract = {{Critical care has advanced considerably over the past three decades, allowing patients to survive what previously was uniformly fatal illness or injury. Within this context, multiple organ failure (MOF) emerged as a distinct clinical entity, accounting for most deaths in critically ill patients. 1–3 Early clinical investigation of overwhelming sepsis suggested that death resulted from organ dysfunction unresponsive to treatment.4, 5 Subsequently, Tilney et al. reported sequential organ failure complicating abdominal aortic aneurysm repair following rupture and massive hemorrhage.6 In this initial description, the authors not only described the pattern of organ failure but also observed that organ failure occurred in initially uninvolved organs. Moreover, organ failure frequently was delayed for days after the original insult. In 1975 Baue proposed that this observation of “multiple, progressive, or sequential systems failure” was a distinct clinical entity.7 Shortly thereafter, Eiseman et al. introduced the term “multiple organ failure” to describe this syndrome.8}}, | |
| pages = {30--43} | |
| } | |
| @book{2002_Springer, | |
| year = {2002}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Intensive Care Med}}, | |
| urldate = {0}, | |
| series = {Springer}, | |
| publisher = {Springer} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ferber_2020_Scandinavian_Journal_of_Medicine___Science_in_Sports, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Biomechanical Phenomena,Child,Cluster Analysis,Female,*Gait,Humans,Lower Extremity/*injuries,Male,Middle Aged,Running/*injuries,Young Adult,Gait}, | |
| title = {{A hierarchical cluster analysis to determine whether injured runners exhibit similar kinematic gait patterns}}, | |
| author = {Jauhiainen, Susanne and Pohl, Andrew J. and Äyrämö, Sami and Kauppi, Jukka‐Pekka and Ferber, Reed}, | |
| journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports}, | |
| issn = {0905-7188}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/sms.13624}, | |
| pmid = {31900980}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31900980/}, | |
| abstract = {{Previous studies have suggested that runners can be subgrouped based on homogeneous gait patterns; however, no previous study has assessed the presence of such subgroups in a population of individuals across a wide variety of injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether distinct subgroups with homogeneous running patterns can be identified among a large group of injured and healthy runners and whether identified subgroups are associated with specific injury location. Three‐dimensional kinematic data from 291 injured and healthy runners, representing both sexes and a wide range of ages (10‐66 years), were clustered using hierarchical cluster analysis. Cluster analysis revealed five distinct subgroups from the data. Kinematic differences between the subgroups were compared using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Against our hypothesis, runners with the same injury types did not cluster together, but the distribution of different injuries within subgroups was similar across the entire sample. These results suggest that homogeneous gait patterns exist independent of injury location and that it is important to consider these underlying patterns when planning injury prevention or rehabilitation strategies.}}, | |
| pages = {732--740}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {30}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: hca,sports medicine | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Team_2015_BMJ___British_Medical_Journal, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{PAin SoluTions In the Emergency Setting (PASTIES)—patient controlled analgesia versus routine care in emergency department patients with pain from traumatic injuries: randomised trial}}, | |
| author = {Smith, Jason E and Rockett, Mark and S, Siobhan Creanor and Squire, Rosalyn and Hayward, Chris and Ewings, Paul and Barton, Andy and Pritchard, Colin and Eyre, Victoria and Cocking, Laura and Benger, Jonathan and Team, PASTIES Research}, | |
| journal = {BMJ : British Medical Journal}, | |
| issn = {0959-8138}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmj.h2988}, | |
| pmid = {26094763}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4476025}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective To determine whether patient controlled analgesia (PCA) is better than routine care in patients presenting to emergency departments with moderate to severe pain from traumatic injuries. Design Pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. Setting Five English hospitals. Participants 200 adults (71\% (n=142) male), aged 18 to 75 years, who presented to the emergency department requiring intravenous opioid analgesia for the treatment of moderate to severe pain from traumatic injuries and were expected to be admitted to hospital for at least 12 hours. Interventions PCA (n=99) or nurse titrated analgesia (treatment as usual; n=101). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was total pain experienced over the 12 hour study period, derived by standardised area under the curve (scaled from 0 to 100) of each participant’s hourly pain scores, captured using a visual analogue scale. Pre-specified secondary outcomes included total morphine use, percentage of study period in moderate/severe pain, percentage of study period asleep, length of hospital stay, and satisfaction with pain management. Results 200 participants were included in the primary analyses. Mean total pain experienced was 47.2 (SD 21.9) for the treatment as usual group and 44.0 (24.0) for the PCA group. Adjusted analyses indicated slightly (but not statistically significantly) lower total pain experienced in the PCA group than in the routine care group (mean difference 2.7, 95\% confidence interval −2.4 to 7.8). Participants allocated to PCA used more morphine in total than did participants in the treatment as usual group (mean 44.3 (23.2) v 27.2 (18.2) mg; mean difference 17.0, 11.3 to 22.7). PCA participants spent, on average, less time in moderate/severe pain (36.2\% (31.0) v 44.1\% (31.6)), but the difference was not statistically significant. A higher proportion of PCA participants reported being perfectly or very satisfied compared with the treatment as usual group (86\% (78/91) v 76\% (74/98)), but this was also not statistically significant. Conclusions PCA provided no statistically significant reduction in pain compared with routine care for emergency department patients with traumatic injuries. Trial registration European Clinical Trials Database EudraCT2011-000194-31; Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN25343280.}}, | |
| pages = {h2988}, | |
| number = {jun19 2}, | |
| volume = {350} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lekka_2002_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2002}, | |
| title = {{Immunoparalysis in patients with severe trauma and the effect of inhaled interferon-γ*}}, | |
| author = {Nakos, George and Malamou-Mitsi, Vasiliki D. and Lachana, Alexandra and Karassavoglou, Aikaterini and Kitsiouli, Eirini and Agnandi, Niki and Lekka, Marilena E.}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0090-3493}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00003246-200207000-00015}, | |
| pmid = {12130967}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective To evaluate the local immune status in patients with severe trauma and the influence of interferon-γ on patients with immunoparalysis. Patients Fifty-two mechanically ventilated patients with severe multiple trauma. Setting A 14-bed polyvalent intensive care unit. Interventions The local immune status was evaluated by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Subsequently, the patients were divided into two groups: immunoparalyzed (group 1) and nonimmunoparalyzed (group 2). Immunoparalysis was defined as a decreased level of human leukocyte antigen-DR expression of alveolar macrophages in <30\%. Patients with immunoparalysis were treated with 100 μg of inhaled recombinant human interferon-γ, three times daily (group 1a, 11 patients) or placebo (group 1b, ten patients). A second bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained 3 days after the initiation of therapy. Measurements The alterations in human leukocyte antigen-DR expression, as well as in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, such as platelet-aggregating factor, phospholipase A2, interleukin-1β, platelet-aggregating factor acetylhydrolase, and interleukin-10, were evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Results In 21 of 52 (40\%) patients, immunoparalysis was established. After interferon-γ administration, the level of human leukocyte antigen-DR expression increased in group 1a from 17 ± 5\% to 46 ± 9\%. In parallel, platelet-aggregating factor and interleukin-1β as well as the specific activities of phospholipase A2 and platelet-aggregating factor acetylhydrolase significantly increased. In contrast, interleukin-10 decreased after interferon-γ therapy. In group 1b, no statistically significant changes appeared in the levels of human leukocyte antigen-DR expression or in the concentrations of inflammatory mediators. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was significantly lower in group 1a than in group 1b. The administration of interferon-γ did not affect the outcome of the patients. Conclusions A significant proportion of multiply injured patients developed immunoparalysis. The administration of interferon-γ resulted in the recovery of levels of human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in alveolar macrophages, influenced the inflammatory reaction, and decreased the incidence ventilator-associated pneumonia, without affecting the patients’ outcome.}}, | |
| pages = {1488--1494}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {30}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Nakos-Immunoparalysis%20in%20patients%20with%20severe%20trauma%20and%20the%20effect%20of%20inhaled%20interferon-γ--2002-Critical%20Care%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bullock_2008_The_Lancet_Neurology, | |
| year = {2008}, | |
| title = {{Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults}}, | |
| author = {Maas, Andrew IR and Stocchetti, Nino and Bullock, Ross}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet Neurology}, | |
| issn = {1474-4422}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70164-9}, | |
| pmid = {18635021}, | |
| abstract = {{Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem that affects all societies. In recent years, patterns of injury have been changing, with more injuries, particularly contusions, occurring in older patients. Blast injuries have been identified as a novel entity with specific characteristics. Traditional approaches to the classification of clinical severity are the subject of debate owing to the widespread policy of early sedation and ventilation in more severely injured patients, and are being supplemented with structural and functional neuroimaging. Basic science research has greatly advanced our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in secondary damage, creating opportunities for medical intervention and targeted therapies; however, translating this research into patient benefit remains a challenge. Clinical management has become much more structured and evidence based since the publication of guidelines covering many aspects of care. In this Review, we summarise new developments and current knowledge and controversies, focusing on moderate and severe TBI in adults. Suggestions are provided for the way forward, with an emphasis on epidemiological monitoring, trauma organisation, and approaches to management.}}, | |
| pages = {728--741}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {7} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dinov_20184t5, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Data Science and Predictive Analytics}}, | |
| author = {Dinov, Ivo D}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-72347-1\_3}, | |
| abstract = {{In this Chapter, we will discuss strategies to import data and export results. Also, we are going to learn the basic tricks we need to know about processing different types of data. Specifically, we will illustrate common R data structures and strategies for loading (ingesting) and saving (regurgitating) data. In addition, we will (1) present some basic statistics, e.g., for measuring central tendency (mean, median, mode) or dispersion (variance, quartiles, range); (2) explore simple plots; (3) demonstrate the uniform and normal distributions; (4) contrast numerical and categorical types of variables; (5) present strategies for handling incomplete (missing) data; and (6) show the need for cohort-rebalancing when comparing imbalanced groups of subjects, cases or units.}}, | |
| pages = {63--141} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Path_org_path_org, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral rehydration therapy/oral rehydration solution}}, | |
| author = {Path.org}, | |
| url = {http://www.path.org/publications/files/VAC\_ort\_ors\_fs.pdf}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Tombini_2011_Chest, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Toward a noninvasive approach to early goal-directed therapy}}, | |
| author = {Coen, D and Vaccaro, A and Cazzaniga, M and Cortellaro, F and Monti, G and Tombini, V}, | |
| journal = {Chest}, | |
| doi = {10.1378/chest.10-2632}, | |
| pages = {726 -- 7- author reply 727}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {139}, | |
| note = {Coen, Daniele | |
| Vaccaro, Angelica | |
| Cazzaniga, Michela | |
| Cortellaro, Francesca | |
| Monti, Gianpaola | |
| Tombini, Valeria | |
| eng | |
| Comment | |
| Letter | |
| 2011/03/03 06:00 | |
| Chest. 2011 Mar;139(3):726-7; author reply 727. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-2632.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hsieh_2019_Journal_of_clinical_medicine, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{Machine Learning Models of Survival Prediction in Trauma Patients.}}, | |
| author = {Rau, Cheng-Shyuan and Wu, Shao-Chun and Chuang, Jung-Fang and Huang, Chun-Ying and Liu, Hang-Tsung and Chien, Peng-Chen and Hsieh, Ching-Hua}, | |
| journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, | |
| issn = {2077-0383}, | |
| doi = {10.3390/jcm8060799}, | |
| pmid = {31195670}, | |
| abstract = {{We aimed to build a model using machine learning for the prediction of survival in trauma patients and compared these model predictions to those predicted by the most commonly used algorithm, the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS).}}, | |
| pages = {799}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {8} | |
| } | |
| @article{Harvey_2007_Intensive_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Systematic review and evaluation of physiological track and trigger warning systems for identifying at-risk patients on the ward}}, | |
| author = {Gao, Haiyan and McDonnell, Ann and Harrison, David A. and Moore, Tracey and Adam, Sheila and Daly, Kathleen and Esmonde, Lisa and Goldhill, David R. and Parry, Gareth J. and Rashidian, Arash and Subbe, Christian P. and Harvey, Sheila}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1432-1238}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-007-0532-3}, | |
| pmid = {17318499}, | |
| url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0532-3}, | |
| abstract = {{Physiological track and trigger warning systems (TTs) are used to identify patients outside critical care areas at risk of deterioration and to alert a senior clinician, Critical Care Outreach Service, or equivalent. The aims of this work were: to describe published TTs and the extent to which each has been developed according to established procedures; to review the published evidence and available data on the reliability, validity and utility of existing systems; and to identify the best TT for timely recognition of critically ill patients. Systematic review of studies identified from electronic, citation and hand searching, and expert informants. Cohort study of data from 31 acute hospitals in England and Wales. Thirty-six papers were identified describing 25 distinct TTs. Thirty-one papers described the use of a TT, and five were studies examining the development or testing of TTs. None of the studies met all methodological quality standards. For the cohort study, outcome was measured by a composite of death, admission to critical care, ‘do not attempt resuscitation’ or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Fifteen datasets met pre-defined quality criteria. Sensitivities and positive predictive values were low, with median (quartiles) of 43.3 (25.4–69.2) and 36.7 (29.3–43.8), respectively. A wide variety of TTs were in use, with little evidence of reliability, validity and utility. Sensitivity was poor, which might be due in part to the nature of the physiology monitored or to the choice of trigger threshold. Available data were insufficient to identify the best TT.}}, | |
| pages = {667--679}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {33} | |
| } | |
| @article{Cressey_2011_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{An eight year audit before and after the introduction of modified early warning score (MEWS) charts, of patients admitted to a tertiary referral intensive care unit after CPR}}, | |
| author = {Moon, A. and Cosgrove, J. F. and Lea, D. and Fairs, A. and Cressey, D. M.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.480}, | |
| pmid = {21056524}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21056524}, | |
| abstract = {{ Aims To determine whether cardiac arrest calls, the proportion of adult patients admitted to intensive care after CPR and their associated mortalities were reduced, in a four year period after the introduction of a 24/7 Critical Care Outreach Service and MEWS (Modified Early Warning System) Charts. Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data during two four-year periods, (2002–05 and 2006–09) in a UK University Teaching Hospital Comparisons were via χ2 test. A p value of ≤0.05 was regarded as being significant. Results In the second audit period, compared to the first one, the number of cardiac arrest calls relative to adult hospital admissions decreased significantly (0.2\% vs. 0.4\%; p <0.0001), the proportion of patients admitted to intensive care having undergone in-hospital CPR fell significantly (2\% vs. 3\%; p =0.004) as did the in-hospital mortality of these patients (42\% vs. 52\%; p =0.05). Conclusion The four years following the introduction of a 24/7 Critical Care Outreach Service and MEWS Charts were associated with significant reductions in the incidence of cardiac arrest calls, the proportion of patients admitted to intensive care having undergone in-hospital CPR and their in-hospital mortality.}}, | |
| pages = {150--4}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {82} | |
| } | |
| @misc{stat_ufl_edu, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| url = {http://www.stat.ufl.edu/\textbackslashtextasciitildeathienit/Tables/Ztable.pdf}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hartling_2015_The_Journal_of__, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Diagnosing clinically significant dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis using noninvasive methods: a meta-analysis}}, | |
| author = {Freedman, S B and Vandermeer, B and Milne, A and Hartling, L}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of …}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.029}, | |
| abstract = {{Study design The following data sources were searched: electronic databases, gray literature, scientific meetings, reference lists, and authors of unpublished studies. Eligible studies were comparative outpatient evaluations that used an accepted reference standard and were conducted in developed countries in children aged< 18 years with gastroenteritis. Data extraction was completed independently by multiple reviewers before a consensus ...}}, | |
| pages = {908 -- 916.e6}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {166}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @misc{England_2020, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{National tariff payment system}}, | |
| author = {England, NHS}, | |
| url = {https://www.england.nhs.uk/pay-syst/national-tariff/national-tariff-payment-system/}, | |
| urldate = {2024-02-09}, | |
| month = {11}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/NHS%20Annex%20DpC%20Best%20Practice%20Tariffs_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rahimi_2018_PLoS_medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {To Read}, | |
| title = {{Predicting the risk of emergency admission with machine learning: Development and validation using linked electronic health records.}}, | |
| author = {Rahimian, Fatemeh and Salimi-Khorshidi, Gholamreza and Payberah, Amir H and Tran, Jenny and Solares, Roberto Ayala and Raimondi, Francesca and Nazarzadeh, Milad and Canoy, Dexter and Rahimi, Kazem}, | |
| journal = {PLoS medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002695}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND:Emergency admissions are a major source of healthcare spending. We aimed to derive, validate, and compare conventional and machine learning models for prediction of the first emergency admission. Machine learning methods are capable of capturing complex interactions that are likely to be present when predicting less specific outcomes, such as this one. | |
| METHODS AND FINDINGS:We used longitudinal data from linked electronic health records of 4.6 million patients aged 18-100 years from 389 practices across England between 1985 to 2015. The population was divided into a derivation cohort (80\%, 3.75 million patients from 300 general practices) and a validation cohort (20\%, 0.88 million patients from 89 general practices) from geographically distinct regions with different risk levels. We first replicated a previously reported Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model for prediction of the risk of the first emergency admission up to 24 months after baseline. This reference model was then compared with 2 machine learning models, random forest (RF) and gradient boosting classifier (GBC). The initial set of predictors for all models included 43 variables, including patient demographics, lifestyle factors, laboratory tests, currently prescribed medications, selected morbidities, and previous emergency admissions. We then added 13 more variables (marital status, prior general practice visits, and 11 additional morbidities), and also enriched all variables by incorporating temporal information whenever possible (e.g., time since first diagnosis). We also varied the prediction windows to 12, 36, 48, and 60 months after baseline and compared model performances. For internal validation, we used 5-fold cross-validation. When the initial set of variables was used, GBC outperformed RF and CPH, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.779 (95\% CI 0.777, 0.781), compared to 0.752 (95\% CI 0.751, 0.753) and 0.740 (95\% CI 0.739, 0.741), respectively. In external validation, we observed an AUC of 0.796, 0.736, and 0.736 for GBC, RF, and CPH, respectively. The addition of temporal information improved AUC across all models. In internal validation, the AUC rose to 0.848 (95\% CI 0.847, 0.849), 0.825 (95\% CI 0.824, 0.826), and 0.805 (95\% CI 0.804, 0.806) for GBC, RF, and CPH, respectively, while the AUC in external validation rose to 0.826, 0.810, and 0.788, respectively. This enhancement also resulted in robust predictions for longer time horizons, with AUC values remaining at similar levels across all models. Overall, compared to the baseline reference CPH model, the final GBC model showed a 10.8\% higher AUC (0.848 compared to 0.740) for prediction of risk of emergency admission within 24 months. GBC also showed the best calibration throughout the risk spectrum. Despite the wide range of variables included in models, our study was still limited by the number of variables included; inclusion of more variables could have further improved model performances. | |
| CONCLUSIONS:The use of machine learning and addition of temporal information led to substantially improved discrimination and calibration for predicting the risk of emergency admission. Model performance remained stable across a range of prediction time windows and when externally validated. These findings support the potential of incorporating machine learning models into electronic health records to inform care and service planning.}}, | |
| editor = {Sheikh, Aziz}, | |
| pages = {e1002695}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {15}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lawton_2017_Operative_Neurosurgery, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{Multivariable and Bayesian Network Analysis of Outcome Predictors in Acute Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Review of a Pure Surgical Series in the Post-International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial Era}}, | |
| author = {Zador, Zsolt and Huang, Wendy and Sperrin, Matthew and Lawton, Michael T}, | |
| journal = {Operative Neurosurgery}, | |
| issn = {2332-4252}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/ons/opx163}, | |
| pmid = {28973260}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC5982204}, | |
| abstract = {{Following the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT), evolving treatment modalities for acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has changed the case mix of patients undergoing urgent surgical clipping. To update our knowledge on outcome predictors by analyzing admission parameters in a pure surgical series using variable importance ranking and machine learning. We reviewed a single surgeon's case series of 226 patients suffering from aSAH treated with urgent surgical clipping. Predictions were made using logistic regression models, and predictive performance was assessed using areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC). We established variable importance ranking using partial Nagelkerke R2 scores. Probabilistic associations between variables were depicted using Bayesian networks, a method of machine learning. Importance ranking showed that World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade and age were the most influential outcome prognosticators. Inclusion of only these 2 predictors was sufficient to maintain model performance compared to when all variables were considered (AUC = 0.8222, 95\% confidence interval (CI): 0.7646-0.88 vs 0.8218, 95\% CI: 0.7616-0.8821, respectively, DeLong's P = .992). Bayesian networks showed that age and WFNS grade were associated with several variables such as laboratory results and cardiorespiratory parameters. Our study is the first to report early outcomes and formal predictor importance ranking following aSAH in a post-ISAT surgical case series. Models showed good predictive power with fewer relevant predictors than in similar size series. Bayesian networks proved to be a powerful tool in visualizing the widespread association of the 2 key predictors with admission variables, explaining their importance and demonstrating the potential for hypothesis generation.}}, | |
| pages = {603--610}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {14} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wetterslev_2015_BMJ, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy for red blood cell transfusion: systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis}}, | |
| author = {Holst, L B and Petersen, M W and Haase, N and Perner, A and Wetterslev, J}, | |
| journal = {BMJ}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bmj.h1354}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE: To compare the benefit and harm of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies to guide red blood cell transfusions. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomised clinical trials. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane central register of controlled trials, SilverPlatter Medline (1950 to date), SilverPlatter Embase (1980 to date), and Science Citation Index Expanded (1900 to present). Reference lists of identified trials and other systematic reviews were assessed, and authors and experts in transfusion were contacted to identify additional trials. TRIAL SELECTION: Published and unpublished randomised clinical trials that evaluated a restrictive compared with a liberal transfusion strategy in adults or children, irrespective of language, blinding procedure, publication status, or sample size. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts of trials identified, and relevant trials were evaluated in full text for eligibility. Two reviewers then independently extracted data on methods, interventions, outcomes, and risk of bias from included trials. random effects models were used to estimate risk ratios and mean differences with 95\% confidence intervals. RESULTS: 31 trials totalling 9813 randomised patients were included. The proportion of patients receiving red blood cells (relative risk 0.54, 95\% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.63, 8923 patients, 24 trials) and the number of red blood cell units transfused (mean difference -1.43, 95\% confidence interval -2.01 to -0.86) were lower with the restrictive compared with liberal transfusion strategies. Restrictive compared with liberal transfusion strategies were not associated with risk of death (0.86, 0.74 to 1.01, 5707 patients, nine lower risk of bias trials), overall morbidity (0.98, 0.85 to 1.12, 4517 patients, six lower risk of bias trials), or fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction (1.28, 0.66 to 2.49, 4730 patients, seven lower risk of bias trials). Results were not affected by the inclusion of trials with unclear or high risk of bias. Using trial sequential analyses on mortality and myocardial infarction, the required information size was not reached, but a 15\% relative risk reduction or increase in overall morbidity with restrictive transfusion strategies could be excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with liberal strategies, restrictive transfusion strategies were associated with a reduction in the number of red blood cell units transfused and number of patients being transfused, but mortality, overall morbidity, and myocardial infarction seemed to be unaltered. Restrictive transfusion strategies are safe in most clinical settings. Liberal transfusion strategies have not been shown to convey any benefit to patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42013004272.}}, | |
| pages = {h1354}, | |
| volume = {350}, | |
| note = {Holst, Lars B | |
| Petersen, Marie W | |
| Haase, Nicolai | |
| Perner, Anders | |
| Wetterslev, Jorn | |
| eng | |
| Comparative Study | |
| Meta-Analysis | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Review | |
| England | |
| 2015/03/26 06:00 | |
| BMJ. 2015 Mar 24;350:h1354. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h1354.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Goodman_2019_Journal_of_Surgical_Research, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Prehospital tranexamic acid administration during aeromedical transport after injury}}, | |
| author = {Boudreau, Ryan M. and Deshpande, Keshav K. and Day, Gregory M. and Hinckley, William R. and Harger, Nicole and Pritts, Timothy A. and Makley, Amy T. and Goodman, Michael D.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Surgical Research}, | |
| issn = {0022-4804}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.074}, | |
| pmid = {30502239}, | |
| abstract = {{ Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce mortality in the treatment of traumatic hemorrhage. This effect seems most profound when given early after injury. We hypothesized that extending a protocol for TXA administration into the prehospital aeromedical setting would improve outcomes while maintaining a similar safety profile to TXA dosed in the emergency department (ED). Materials and methods We identified all trauma patients who received TXA during prehospital aeromedical transport or in the ED at our urban level I trauma center over an 18-mo period. These patients had been selected prospectively for TXA administration using a protocol that selected adult trauma patients with high-risk mechanism and concern for severe hemorrhage to receive TXA. Patient demographics, vital signs, lab values including thromboelastography, blood administration, mortality, and complications were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed. Results One hundred sixteen patients were identified (62 prehospital versus 54 ED). Prehospital TXA patients were more likely to have sustained blunt injury (76\% prehospital versus 46\% ED, P = 0.002). There were no differences between groups in injury severity score or initial vital signs. There were no differences in complication rates or mortality. Patients receiving TXA had higher rates of venous thromboembolic events (8.1\% in prehospital and 18.5\% in ED) than the overall trauma population (2.1\%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Prehospital administration of TXA during aeromedical transport did not improve survival compared with ED administration. Treatment with TXA was associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolic events. Prehospital TXA protocols should be refined to identify patients with severe hemorrhagic shock or traumatic brain injury.}}, | |
| number = {J Trauma Acute Care Surg 78 2015}, | |
| volume = {233}, | |
| keywords = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Efron_2015_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Advanced age is associated with worsened outcomes and a unique genomic response in severely injured patients with hemorrhagic shock}}, | |
| author = {Vanzant, Erin L and Hilton, Rachael E and Lopez, Cecilia M and Zhang, Jianyi and Ungaro, Ricardo F and Gentile, Lori F and Szpila, Benjamin E and Maier, Ronald V and Cuschieri, Joseph and Bihorac, Azra and Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan and Moore, Frederick A and Baker, Henry V and Moldawer, Lyle L and Brakenridge, Scott C and Efron, Philip A}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-015-0788-x}, | |
| pmid = {25777881}, | |
| abstract = {{We wished to characterize the relationship of advanced age to clinical outcomes and to transcriptomic responses after severe blunt traumatic injury with hemorrhagic shock. We performed epidemiological, cytokine, and transcriptomic analyses on a prospective, multi-center cohort of 1,928 severely injured patients. We found that there was no difference in injury severity between the aged (age ≥55, n = 533) and young (age <55, n = 1395) cohorts. However, aged patients had more comorbidities. Advanced age was associated with more severe organ failure, infectious complications, ventilator days, and intensive care unit length of stay, as well as, an increased likelihood of being discharged to skilled nursing or long-term care facilities. Additionally, advanced age was an independent predictor of a complicated recovery and 28-day mortality. Acutely after trauma, blood neutrophil genome-wide expression analysis revealed an attenuated transcriptomic response as compared to the young; this attenuated response was supported by the patients’ plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations. Later, these patients demonstrated gene expression changes consistent with simultaneous, persistent pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive states. We concluded that advanced age is one of the strongest non-injury related risk factors for poor outcomes after severe trauma with hemorrhagic shock and is associated with an altered and unique peripheral leukocyte genomic response. As the general population’s age increases, it will be important to individualize prediction models and therapeutic targets to this high risk cohort.}}, | |
| pages = {77}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {19}, | |
| keywords = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Moore_1995, | |
| year = {1995}, | |
| keywords = {causes of MOF}, | |
| title = {{Evolving Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure}}, | |
| author = {Moore, Frederick A. and Moore, Ernest E.}, | |
| journal = {Surgical Clinics of North America}, | |
| issn = {0039-6109}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0039-6109(16)46587-4}, | |
| pmid = {7899997}, | |
| abstract = {{Multiple organ failure (MOF) occurs as a result of unbridled systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Early epidemiologic studies identified uncontrolled late infection as the predominant mechanism and, consequently, research efforts were focused on "infectious models." Recently, it has been recognized that SIRS and eventually MOF can occur in the absence of infection and that late infections may simply represent symptoms of MOF. Thus, newer "inflammatory models" have been proposed with a consequent shift in research interest to determine how initial traumatic insults establish SIRS, independent of infection that is conducive for the development of MOF.}}, | |
| pages = {257--277}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {75}, | |
| note = {Ideas not included reperfusion injury of distant tissue leading to lung injury | |
| tissue ischaemis leading canthine ocidase-dependant reperfusion injury}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Moore-Evolving%20Concepts%20in%20the%20Pathogenesis%20of%20Postinjury%20Multiple%20Organ%20Failure-1995-Surgical%20Clinics%20of%20North%20America_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Polinder_2014_PLoS_ONE, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Traumatic Brain Injury in the Netherlands: Incidence, Costs and Disability-Adjusted Life Years}}, | |
| author = {Scholten, Annemieke C. and Haagsma, Juanita A. and Panneman, Martien J. M. and Beeck, Ed F. van and Polinder, Suzanne}, | |
| journal = {PLoS ONE}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0110905}, | |
| pmid = {25343447}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4208832}, | |
| abstract = {{Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability, leading to great personal suffering and huge costs to society. Integrated knowledge on epidemiology, economic consequences and disease burden of TBI is scarce but essential for optimizing healthcare policy and preventing TBI. This study aimed to estimate incidence, cost-of-illness and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of TBI in the Netherlands. This study included data on all TBI patients who were treated at an Emergency Department (ED - National Injury Surveillance System), hospitalized (National Medical Registration), or died due to their injuries in the Netherlands between 2010–2012. Direct healthcare costs and indirect costs were determined using the incidence-based Dutch Burden of Injury Model. Disease burden was assessed by calculating years of life lost (YLL) owing to premature death, years lived with disability (YLD) and DALYs. Incidence, costs and disease burden were stratified by age and gender. TBI incidence was 213.6 per 100,000 person years. Total costs were €314.6 (USD \$433.8) million per year and disease burden resulted in 171,200 DALYs (on average 7.1 DALYs per case). Men had highest mean costs per case (€19,540 versus €14,940), driven by indirect costs. 0–24-year-olds had high incidence and disease burden but low economic costs, whereas 25–64-year-olds had relatively low incidence but high economic costs. Patients aged 65+ had highest incidence, leading to considerable direct healthcare costs. 0–24-year-olds, men aged 25–64 years, traffic injury victims (especially bicyclists) and home and leisure injury victims (especially 0–5-year-old and elderly fallers) are identified as risk groups in TBI. The economic and health consequences of TBI are substantial. The integrated approach of assessing incidence, costs and disease burden enables detection of important risk groups in TBI, development of prevention programs that target these risk groups and assessment of the benefits of these programs.}}, | |
| pages = {e110905}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {9} | |
| } | |
| @article{1995_injuryprevention_bmj_com, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| title = {{Bicycle ownership, use, and injury patterns among elementary schoolchildren}}, | |
| author = {prevention, JA Waller Injury and 1995}, | |
| journal = {injuryprevention.bmj.com}, | |
| abstract = {{Patterns of bicycle ownership and injury were studied over a four month period among over 6000 schoolchildren. Two thirds of the bikes owned were standard style and one third high rise. Boys more often had high rise bikes. Slightly over 2\% of bike owners are injured …}} | |
| } | |
| @article{Nanayakkara_2014_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{The impact of the use of the Early Warning Score (EWS) on patient outcomes: a systematic review}}, | |
| author = {Alam, N. and Hobbelink, E. L. and Tienhoven, A. J. van and Ven, P. M. van de and Jansma, E. P. and Nanayakkara, P. W.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.01.013}, | |
| pmid = {24467882}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24467882}, | |
| abstract = {{ Background Acute deterioration in critical ill patients is often preceded by changes in physiological parameters, such as pulse, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rate. If these changes in the patient's vital parameters are recognized early, excess mortality and serious adverse events (SAEs) such as cardiac arrest may be prevented. The Early Warning Score (EWS) is a scoring system which assists with the detection of physiological changes and may help identify patients at risk of further deterioration. Objectives The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the impact of the use of the Early Warning Score (EWS) on particular patient outcomes, such as in-hospital mortality, patterns of intensive care unit admission and usage, length of hospital stay, cardiac arrests and other serious adverse events of adult patients on general wards and in medical admission units. Design and setting Systematic review of studies identified from the bibliographic databases of PubMed, EMBASE.com and The Cochrane Library. Selection criteria All controlled studies which measured in-hospital mortality, ICU mortality, serious adverse events (SAEs), cardiopulmonary arrest, length of stay and documentation of physiological parameters which used a EWS on the ward or the emergency department to identify patients at risk were included in the review. Data collection and analysis Three reviewers (NA, AT and EH) independently screened all potentially relevant titles and abstracts for eligibility, by using a standardized data-worksheet. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity. Main results Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of our included studies were mixed, with a positive trend towards better clinical outcomes following the introduction of the EWS chart, sometimes coupled with an outreach service. Six of the seven included studies used mortality as an endpoint: two of these studies reported no significant difference in in-hospital mortality rate; two found a significant reduction of in-hospital mortality; two other studies described a trend towards improved survival. Although, both ICU mortality and serious adverse events were not significantly improved, there was a trend towards reduction of these endpoints after introduction of the EWS. However only two studies looked respectively at each endpoint. There were conflicting results concerning cardiopulmonary arrests. One study found a reduction in the incidence of cardiac arrest calls as well as in the mortality of patients who underwent CPR, while another one found an increased incidence of cardio-pulmonary arrests. Neither study met all methodological quality criteria. Conclusion The EWS itself is a simple and easy to use tool at the bedside, which may be of help in recognizing patients with potential for acute deterioration. Coupled with an outreach service, it may be used to timely initiate adequate treatment upon recognition, which may influence the clinical outcomes positively. However, the use of adapted forms of the EWS together with different thresholds, poor or inadequate methodology makes it difficult in drawing comparisons. A general conclusion can thus not be generated from the lack of use of a single standardized score and the use of different populations. In future large multi-centre trials using one standardized score are needed also in order to facilitate comparison.}}, | |
| pages = {587--94}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {85} | |
| } | |
| @article{C_2016_Journal_of_medical_systems, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| keywords = {Aged,Diagnostic Imaging/*methods,Humans,Leg Ulcer/*diagnostic imaging}, | |
| title = {{Spectral Clustering for Unsupervised Segmentation of Lower Extremity Wound Beds Using Optical Images.}}, | |
| author = {DM, Dhane and V, Krishna and A, Achar and C, Bar and K, Sanyal and C, Chakraborty}, | |
| journal = {Journal of medical systems}, | |
| issn = {1573-689X}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27520612/}, | |
| abstract = {{Chronic lower extremity wound is a complicated disease condition of localized injury to skin and its tissues which have plagued many elders worldwide. The ulcer assessment and management is expensive and is burden on health establishment. Currently accurate wound evaluation remains a tedious task as it rely on visual inspection. This paper propose a new method for wound-area detection, using images digitally captured by a hand-held, optical camera. The strategy proposed involves spectral approach for clustering, based on the affinity matrix. The spectral clustering (SC) involves construction of similarity matrix of Laplacian based on Ng-Jorden-Weiss algorithm. Starting with a quadratic method, wound photographs were pre-processed for color homogenization. The first-order statistics filter was then applied to extract spurious regions. The filter was selected based on the performance, evaluated on four quality metrics. Then, the spectral method was used on the filtered images for effective segmentation. The segmented regions were post-processed using morphological operators. The performance of spectral segmentation was confirmed by ground-truth pictures labeled by dermatologists. The SC results were additionally compared with the results of k-means and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithms. The SC approach on a set of 105 images, effectively delineated targeted wound beds yielding a segmentation accuracy of 86.73 \%, positive predictive values of 91.80 \%, and a sensitivity of 89.54 \%. This approach shows the robustness of tool for ulcer perimeter measurement and healing progression. The article elucidates its potential to be incorporated in patient facing medical systems targeting a rapid clinical assistance.}}, | |
| pages = {207}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {40}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: wound,spectral clustering | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Madigan_2020_Child_Abuse___Neglect, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Development of trauma symptoms following adversity in childhood: The moderating role of protective factors}}, | |
| author = {Racine, Nicole and Eirich, Rachel and Dimitropoulos, Gina and Hartwick, Cailey and Madigan, Sheri}, | |
| journal = {Child Abuse \& Neglect}, | |
| issn = {0145-2134}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104375}, | |
| pmid = {32014798}, | |
| abstract = {{ Background Although the buffering effect of protective factors on children’s outcomes following exposure to adverse childhood experiences has been well documented, research gaps remain as to whether this buffering effect differs based on the type of adversity experienced (i.e., maltreatment versus household dysfunction). Objective To examine whether protective factors moderate the association between cumulative adversity, as well as adversity subtypes (i.e., maltreatment and household dysfunction) and child trauma-related distress in a clinical sample referred for treatment following exposure to adversity. Participants and setting One-hundred and seventy-six children (aged 3–18) referred to a child abuse treatment clinic and who’s files were opened between January 2016 and June 2017 were included. Methods Data were collected, extracted, and coded from clinical files using a standardized data extraction protocol. Protective factors included: using individual coping strategies, peer support, individual social skills, caregiver physical caregiving, caregiver psychological caregiving, and educational involvement. Results Cumulative childhood adversity (b = .16, p = .04) positively predicted child trauma-related distress. The link between exposure to cumulative adversity and child trauma-related distress varied as a function of protective factors: there was a positive association between adversity and child trauma-related distress for children who had low levels of protective factors, but not for those with high levels of protective factors (b=-0.56, p=<.001). Similar findings were observed when data was stratified by maltreatment and household dysfunction. Conclusions Bolstering children’s protective factors prior to, and during child abuse treatment, may reduce trauma-related distress following exposure to adversity.}}, | |
| pages = {104375}, | |
| volume = {101} | |
| } | |
| @misc{2013_ramesesproject_org, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The RAMESES Projects}}, | |
| url = {http://www.ramesesproject.org/Home\_Page.php}, | |
| urldate = {0}, | |
| abstract = {{There are two RAMESES projects, both funded by the United Kingdom's National Institute of Health Research's Health Services and Delivery Research (NIHR HS\&DR) Programme. The projects' goals are to produce quality and publication standards and training materials for realist research approaches. | |
| RAMESES I - (Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards) developed quality and publication standards and training materials for realist reviews and the related approach of meta-narrative reviews. | |
| RAMESES II - developed quality and reporting standards and resources and training materials for realist evaluation.}} | |
| } | |
| @article{eby, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2015\_Book\_StatisticalAnalysisAndDataDisp.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2015_Book_StatisticalAnalysisAndDataDisp.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @book{Meesters_2009, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| title = {{A Beginner’s Guide to R}}, | |
| author = {Zuur, Alain F. and Ieno, Elena N. and Meesters, Erik H. W. G.}, | |
| isbn = {9780387938363}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-93837-0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Miller_2020_The_Journals_of_Gerontology__Series_A, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Machine Learning in Aging: An Example of Developing Prediction Models for Serious Fall Injury in Older Adults}}, | |
| author = {Speiser, Jaime Lynn and Callahan, Kathryn E and Houston, Denise K and Fanning, Jason and Gill, Thomas M and Guralnik, Jack M and Newman, Anne B and Pahor, Marco and Rejeski, W Jack and Miller, Michael E}, | |
| journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series A}, | |
| issn = {1079-5006}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/gerona/glaa138}, | |
| pmid = {32498077}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8011704}, | |
| abstract = {{Advances in computational algorithms and the availability of large datasets with clinically relevant characteristics provide an opportunity to develop machine learning prediction models to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of older adults. Some studies have employed machine learning methods for prediction modeling, but skepticism of these methods remains due to lack of reproducibility and difficulty in understanding the complex algorithms that underlie models. We aim to provide an overview of two common machine learning methods: decision tree and random forest. We focus on these methods because they provide a high degree of interpretability. We discuss the underlying algorithms of decision tree and random forest methods and present a tutorial for developing prediction models for serious fall injury using data from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study. Decision tree is a machine learning method that produces a model resembling a flow chart. Random forest consists of a collection of many decision trees whose results are aggregated. In the tutorial example, we discuss evaluation metrics and interpretation for these models. Illustrated using data from the LIFE study, prediction models for serious fall injury were moderate at best (area under the receiver operating curve of 0.54 for decision tree and 0.66 for random forest). Machine learning methods offer an alternative to traditional approaches for modeling outcomes in aging, but their use should be justified and output should be carefully described. Models should be assessed by clinical experts to ensure compatibility with clinical practice.}}, | |
| pages = {647--654}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {76} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bierl_2022, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure}}, | |
| author = {Bierl, Cynthia}, | |
| journal = {Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma}, | |
| issn = {2520-8284}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-92241-2\_10}, | |
| abstract = {{Multiple organ failure (MOF) in trauma is defined as the progression to potentially reversible organ dysfunction involving two or more organ systems that were not involved in the primary traumatic insult (Cole, British J Surg 107:402–412, 2020). Neurological dysfunction is associated with prolonged MOF phenotypes and worse overall outcomes (Shepherd et al., Shock 47:429–435, 2017). The underlying pathological mechanisms of indirect neurological dysfunction in trauma are likely due to a cascade of neuroinflammation triggered by animbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (Alam et al., EBioMedicine 37:547–556, 2018; Katsumi et al., Neuroimage Clin 27:102346, 2020). Acute cognitive dysfunction is a heralding sign of the onset of MOF and strongly associated with subsequent long-term chronic cognitive dysfunction and post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) (Ahmad and Teo, Ann Geriatr Med Res 25:72–78, 2021). Unfortunately, most scoring systems for MOF are poorly sensitive for detecting cognitive mild and moderate dysfunction and therefore the true prevalence of secondary neurological dysfunction in trauma is poorly described. Further, bedside identification of MODS associated neurological dysfunction is difficult to distinguish from neurodysfunction due to direct or indirect brain trauma or the confounding need for anaesthesia, sedation, or analgesia. Additionally, the lack of directed therapeutics decreases the clinical priority of discerning the precise driving cause of cognitive dysfunction in clinical practice. The mainstay of management is supportive bundles of care targeted at preventing further complications by sepsis surveillance and early treatment, supporting neurocognitive recovery through careful analgesia and sleep hygiene, and limiting exacerbating treatments like heavy sedation and prolonged ventilation (Marra, Crit Care Clin 33:225–243, 2017).}}, | |
| pages = {105--112} | |
| } | |
| @article{Parkin_2004_The_Journal_of_Pediatrics, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Development of a clinical dehydration scale for use in children between 1 and 36 months of age}}, | |
| author = {Friedman, Jeremy N and Goldman, Ran D and Srivastava, Rajendu and Parkin, Patricia C}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Pediatrics}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.05.035}, | |
| url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347604004317}, | |
| pages = {201 -- 207}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {145}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Yong_2020_Frontiers_in_Digital_Health, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| keywords = {Pelvic Pain}, | |
| title = {{Machine Learning Revealed New Correlates of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women}}, | |
| author = {Elgendi, Mohamed and Allaire, Catherine and Williams, Christina and Bedaiwy, Mohamed A. and Yong, Paul J.}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Digital Health}, | |
| issn = {2673-253X}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/fdgth.2020.600604}, | |
| pmid = {34713065}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8521902}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34713065/}, | |
| abstract = {{Chronic pelvic pain affects one in seven women worldwide, and there is an urgent need to reduce its associated significant costs and to improve women's health. There are many correlated factors associated with chronic pelvic pain (CPP), and analyzing them simultaneously can be complex and involves many challenges. A newly developed interaction ensemble, referred to as INTENSE, was implemented to investigate this research gap. When applied, INTENSE aggregates three machine learning (ML) methods, which are unsupervised, as follows: interaction principal component analysis (IPCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and centroid-based clustering (CBC). For our proposed research, we used INTENSE to uncover novel knowledge, which revealed new interactions in a sample of 656 patients among 25 factors: age, parity, ethnicity, body mass index, endometriosis, irritable bowel syndrome, painful bladder syndrome, pelvic floor tenderness, abdominal wall pain, depression score, anxiety score, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, family history of chronic pain, new or re-referral, age when first experienced pain, pain duration, surgery helpful for pain, infertility, smoking, alcohol use, trauma, dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, CPP, and the Endometriosis Health Profile for functional quality of life. INTENSE indicates that CPP and the Endometriosis Health Profile are correlated with depression score, anxiety score, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Other insights derived from these ML methods include the finding that higher body mass index was clustered with smoking and a history of life trauma. As well, sexual pain (deep dyspareunia) was found to be associated with musculoskeletal pain contributors (abdominal wall pain and pelvic floor tenderness). Therefore, INTENSE provided expert-like reasoning without training any model or prior knowledge of CPP. ML has the potential to identify novel relationships in the etiology of CPP, and thus can drive innovative future research.}}, | |
| pages = {600604}, | |
| volume = {2}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: hca,gynae,centroid based clustering,Principal Component analysis | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Barea_Mendoza_2020, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Risk Factors Associated With Early and Late Posttraumatic Multiorgan Failure: An Analysis From RETRAUCI.}}, | |
| author = {Barea-Mendoza, Jesús Abelardo and Chico-Fernández, Mario and Molina-Díaz, Ismael and Moreno-Muñoz, Gerard and Toboso-Casado, José M and Viña-Soria, Lucía and Matachana-Martínez, María and Freire-Aragón, María D and Pérez-Bárcena, Jon and Llompart-Pou, Juan Antonio}, | |
| journal = {Shock}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/shk.0000000000001628}, | |
| pmid = {32694393}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE To analyse factors associated with the development of early and late multiorgan failure (MOF) in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS Spanish Trauma ICU Registry (RETRAUCI). Data collected from 52 trauma ICU between March 2015 and December 2019. We analysed the incidence, outcomes and the risk factors associated with early ( 65 years (OR 1.52), hemodynamic instability (OR from 1.92 to 9.94), acute kidney injury (OR 4.22) and nosocomial infection (OR 17.23). MOF was closely related to mortality (crude OR (95\%CI) 4.77 (4.22-5.40)). CONCLUSIONS Multiorgan failure was recorded in 10\% of trauma ICU patients, with early MOF being the predominant form. Early and late MOF forms were associated with different risk factors, suggesting different pathophysiological pathways. Early MOF was associated with higher severity of injury and severe bleeding-related complications and late MOF with advanced age and nosocomial infection.}}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Barea-Mendoza-Risk%20Factors%20Associated%20With%20Early%20and%20Late%20Posttraumatic%20Multiorgan%20Failure-%20An%20Analysis%20From%20RETRAUCI--2020-Shock.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brakenridge_2018_Surgery, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism and the development of chronic critical illness after surgery}}, | |
| author = {Efron, Philip A and Mohr, Alicia M and Bihorac, Azra and Horiguchi, Hiroyuki and Hollen, McKenzie K and Segal, Mark S and Baker, Henry V and Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan and Moldawer, Lyle L and Moore, Frederick A and Brakenridge, Scott C}, | |
| journal = {Surgery}, | |
| issn = {0039-6060}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.surg.2018.04.011}, | |
| pmid = {29807651}, | |
| abstract = {{ As early as the 1990s, chronic critical illness, a distinct syndrome of persistent high-acuity illness requiring management in the ICU, was reported under a variety of descriptive terms including the “neuropathy of critical illness,” “myopathy of critical illness,” “ICU-acquired weakness,” and most recently “post-intensive care unit syndrome.” The widespread implementation of targeted shock resuscitation, improved organ support modalities, and evidence-based protocolized ICU care has resulted in significantly decreased in-hospital mortality within surgical ICUs, specifically by reducing early multiple organ failure deaths. However, a new phenotype of multiple organ failure has now emerged with persistent but manageable organ dysfunction, high resource utilization, and discharge to prolonged care facilities. This new multiple organ failure phenotype is now clinically associated with the rapidly increasing incidence of chronic critical illness in critically ill surgery patients. Although the underlying pathophysiology driving chronic critical illness remains incompletely described, the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome has been proposed as a mechanistic framework in which to explain the increased incidence of chronic critical illness in surgical ICUs. The purpose of this review is to provide a historic perspective of the epidemiologic evolution of multiple organ failure into persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome; describe the mechanism that drives and sustains chronic critical illness, and review the long-term outcomes of surgical patients who develop chronic critical illness.}}, | |
| pages = {178--184}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {164}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Efron-Persistent%20inflammation,%20immunosuppression,%20and%20catabolism%20and%20the%20development%20of%20chronic%20critical%20illness%20after%20surgery-2018-Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Swallow_2013_Journal_of_Advanced_Nursing, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Using Framework Analysis in nursing research: a worked example}}, | |
| author = {Ward, Deborah J and Furber, Christine and Tierney, Stephanie and Swallow, Veronica}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Advanced Nursing}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/jan.12127}, | |
| pages = {n/a -- n/a}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {4}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{OT_2018_IEEE_transactions_on_neural_systems_and_rehabilitation_engineering___a_publication___________of_the_IEEE_Engineering_in_Medicine_and_Biology_Society, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Adult,Algorithms,Biomechanical Phenomena/*physiology,Female,Healthy Volunteers,Humans,Knee/*physiology,Knee Joint/physiology,Male,Patella/physiology,Reproducibility of Results,Signal Processing,Computer-Assisted,*Sound,*Stress,Mechanical,Walking/physiology,Weight-Bearing,Young Adult,Stress,Acoustics,Knee}, | |
| title = {{Quantifying the Effects of Increasing Mechanical Stress on Knee Acoustical Emissions Using Unsupervised Graph Mining.}}, | |
| author = {HK, Jeong and MB, Pouyan and DC, Whittingslow and V, Ganti and OT, Inan}, | |
| journal = {IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society}, | |
| issn = {1558-0210}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29522403/}, | |
| abstract = {{In this paper, we investigate the effects of increasing mechanical stress on the knee joints by recording knee acoustical emissions and analyze them using an unsupervised graph mining algorithm. We placed miniature contact microphones on four different locations: on the lateral and medial sides of the patella and superficial to the lateral and medial meniscus. We extracted audio features in both time and frequency domains from the acoustical signals and calculated the graph community factor (GCF): an index of heterogeneity (variation) in the sounds due to different loading conditions enforced on the knee. To determine the GCF, a k-nearest neighbor graph was constructed and an Infomap community detection algorithm was used to extract all potential clusters within the graph-the number of detected communities were then quantified with GCF. Measurements from 12 healthy subjects showed that the GCF increased monotonically and significantly with vertical loading forces (mean GCF for no load = 30 and mean GCF for maximum load [body weight] = 39). This suggests that the increased complexity of the emitted sounds is related to the increased forces on the joint. In addition, microphones placed on the medial side of the patella and superficial to the lateral meniscus produced the most variation in the joint sounds. This information can be used to determine the optimal location for the microphones to obtain acoustical emissions with greatest sensitivity to loading. In future work, joint loading quantification based on acoustical emissions and derived GCF can be used for assessing cumulative knee usage and loading during activities, for example for patients rehabilitating knee injuries.}}, | |
| pages = {594--601}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {26}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: ortho,graph kernel,unsupervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Ince_2005_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Quantifying bedside-derived imaging of microcirculatory abnormalities in septic patients: a prospective validation study}}, | |
| author = {Boerma, E C and Mathura, K R and Voort, P H van der and Spronk, P E and Ince, C}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/cc3809}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION: The introduction of orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) imaging in clinical research has elucidated new perspectives on the role of microcirculatory flow abnormalities in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Essential to the process of understanding and reproducing these abnormalities is the method of quantification of flow scores. METHODS: In a consensus meeting with collaboraters from six research centres in different fields of experience with microcirculatory OPS imaging, premeditated qualifications for a simple, translucent and reproducible way of flow scoring were defined. Consecutively, a single-centre prospective observational validation study was performed in a group of 12 patients with an abdominal sepsis and a new stoma. Flow images of the microcirculation in vascular beds of the sublingual and stoma region were obtained, processed and analysed in a standardised way. We validated intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility with kappa cross-tables for both types of microvascular beds. RESULTS: Agreement and kappa coefficients were >85\% and >0.75, respectively, for interrater and intrarater variability in quantification of flow abnormalities during sepsis, in different subsets of microvascular architecture. CONCLUSION: Semi-quantitative analysis of microcirculatory flow, as described, provides a reproducible and transparent tool in clinical research to monitor and evaluate the microcirculation during sepsis.}}, | |
| pages = {R601 -- 6}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| note = {Boerma, E Christiaan | |
| Mathura, Keshen R | |
| van der Voort, Peter H J | |
| Spronk, Peter E | |
| Ince, Can | |
| eng | |
| Validation Studies | |
| England | |
| London, England | |
| 2005/11/11 09:00 | |
| Crit Care. 2005;9(6):R601-6. Epub 2005 Sep 22.} | |
| } | |
| @article{JE_2005_Biomarkers___biochemical_indicators_of_exposure, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| keywords = {Algorithms,Animals,Biomarkers/*analysis,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism,Cluster Analysis,DNA,Neoplasm/genetics,*Data Interpretation,Statistical,Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism,Diethylhexyl Phthalate/toxicity,Fatty Liver/chemically induced/metabolism,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,*Gene Expression Profiling,Leukemia/genetics,Male,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis,Principal Component Analysis,Rats,Sprague-Dawley,Zucker,Biological Markers}, | |
| title = {{Data-driven analysis approach for biomarker discovery using molecular-profiling technologies.}}, | |
| author = {T, Wei and B, Liao and BL, Ackermann and RA, Jolly and JA, Eckstein and NH, Kulkarni and LM, Helvering and KM, Goldstein and J, Shou and ST, Estrem and TP, Ryan and JM, Colet and CE, Thomas and JL, Stevens and JE, Onyia}, | |
| journal = {Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals}, | |
| issn = {1354-750X}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076730/}, | |
| abstract = {{High-throughput molecular-profiling technologies provide rapid, efficient and systematic approaches to search for biomarkers. Supervised learning algorithms are naturally suited to analyse a large amount of data generated using these technologies in biomarker discovery efforts. The study demonstrates with two examples a data-driven analysis approach to analysis of large complicated datasets collected in high-throughput technologies in the context of biomarker discovery. The approach consists of two analytic steps: an initial unsupervised analysis to obtain accurate knowledge about sample clustering, followed by a second supervised analysis to identify a small set of putative biomarkers for further experimental characterization. By comparing the most widely applied clustering algorithms using a leukaemia DNA microarray dataset, it was established that principal component analysis-assisted projections of samples from a high-dimensional molecular feature space into a few low dimensional subspaces provides a more effective and accurate way to explore visually and identify data structures that confirm intended experimental effects based on expected group membership. A supervised analysis method, shrunken centroid algorithm, was chosen to take knowledge of sample clustering gained or confirmed by the first step of the analysis to identify a small set of molecules as candidate biomarkers for further experimentation. The approach was applied to two molecular-profiling studies. In the first study, PCA-assisted analysis of DNA microarray data revealed that discrete data structures exist in rat liver gene expression and correlated with blood clinical chemistry and liver pathological damage in response to a chemical toxicant diethylhexylphthalate, a peroxisome-proliferator-activator receptor agonist. Sixteen genes were then identified by shrunken centroid algorithm as the best candidate biomarkers for liver damage. Functional annotations of these genes revealed roles in acute phase response, lipid and fatty acid metabolism and they are functionally relevant to the observed toxicities. In the second study, 26 urine ions identified from a GC/MS spectrum, two of which were glucose fragment ions included as positive controls, showed robust changes with the development of diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Further experiments are needed to define their chemical identities and establish functional relevancy to disease development.}}, | |
| pages = {153--72}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {10}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: animal | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong study design} | |
| } | |
| @article{Yang_2019_European_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Emergency_Surgery, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Spectral analysis of heart rate variability for trauma outcome prediction: an analysis of 210 ICU multiple trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Luo, Xiaomin and Gao, Haijun and Yu, Xingxia and Jiang, Zongping and Yang, Weize}, | |
| journal = {European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery}, | |
| issn = {1863-9933}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00068-019-01175-5}, | |
| pmid = {31209555}, | |
| abstract = {{This study aimed to test and compare short-term spectral HRV indices with most used trauma scorings in outcome prediction of multiple trauma, and then to explore the efficacy of their combined application. A prospective study was conducted for patients with blunt multiple trauma admitted to an emergency intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2016 and December 2017. Short-term spectral HRV indices on admission were measured, including normalized low-frequency power (nLF), normalized high-frequency power (nHF), and the nLF/nHF ratio. Injury severity score (ISS), new injury severity score (NISS), and revised trauma score (RTS) were evaluated for each patient, as well as probability of survival (Ps) by trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) model. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality and secondary outcomes were incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and length of ICU stay. Two hundred and ten patients were recruited. The nLF/nHF ratio, RTS, and Ps(TRISS) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality, while nLF/nHF, NISS and RTS were independent predictors of MODS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of nLF/nHF for 30-day mortality prediction was 0.924, comparable to RTS (0.951) and Ps(TRISS) (0.892). AUC of nLF/nHF-RTS combination was 0.979, significantly greater than that of each alone. Combination of nLF/nHF and Ps(TRISS) showed an increased AUC (0.984) compared to each of them. The nLF/nHF ratio presented a similar AUC (0.826) to NISS (0.818) or RTS (0.850) for MODS prediction. AUC of nLF/nHF-RTS combination was 0.884, significantly greater than that of nLF/nHF. Combination of nLF/nHF and NISS showed a greater AUC (0.868) than each alone. The nLF/nHF ratio, NISS, RTS, and Ps(TRISS) were correlated with length of ICU stay for survivors, with correlation coefficients 0.476, 0.617, − 0.588, and − 0.539. These findings suggest that the short-term spectral analysis of HRV might be a potential early tool to assess injury severity and predict outcome of multiple trauma. Combination of nLF/nHF and conventional trauma scores can provide more accuracy in outcome prediction of multiple trauma.}}, | |
| pages = {1--8}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Luo-Spectral%20analysis%20of%20heart%20rate%20variability%20for%20trauma%20outcome%20prediction-%20an%20analysis%20of%20210%20ICU%20multiple%20trauma%20patients-2019-European%20Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Emergency%20Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rikkert_2009_JNHA___The_Journal_of_Nutrition, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Preventing and treating dehydration in the elderly during periods of illness and warm weather}}, | |
| author = {Schols, J M G A and Groot, C P G M De and Cammen, T J M Van Der and Rikkert, M G M Olde}, | |
| journal = {JNHA - The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s12603-009-0023-z}, | |
| abstract = {{Translate the available knowledge on ageing and dehydration into main messages for clinical practice.}}, | |
| pages = {150 -- 157}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {13} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dashti_Khavidaki_2012_Int_J_Clin_Pharm, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Errors in fluid therapy in medical wards}}, | |
| author = {Mousavi, M and Khalili, H and Dashti-Khavidaki, S}, | |
| journal = {Int J Clin Pharm}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s11096-012-9620-8}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Intravenous fluid therapy remains an essential part of patients' care during hospitalization. There are only few studies that focused on fluid therapy in the hospitalized patients, and there is not any consensus statement about fluid therapy in patients who are hospitalized in medical wards. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess intravenous fluid therapy status and related errors in the patients during the course of hospitalization in the infectious diseases wards of a referral teaching hospital. SETTING: This study was conducted in the infectious diseases wards of Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran, Iran. METHODS: During a retrospective study, data related to intravenous fluid therapy were collected by two clinical pharmacists of infectious diseases from 2008 to 2010. Intravenous fluid therapy information including indication, type, volume and rate of fluid administration was recorded for each patient. An internal protocol for intravenous fluid therapy was designed based on literature review and available recommendations. The data related to patients' fluid therapy were compared with this protocol. The fluid therapy was considered appropriate if it was compatible with the protocol regarding indication of intravenous fluid therapy, type, electrolyte content and rate of fluid administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Any mistake in the selection of fluid type, content, volume and rate of administration was considered as intravenous fluid therapy errors. RESULTS: Five hundred and ninety-six of medication errors were detected during the study period in the patients. Overall rate of fluid therapy errors was 1.3 numbers per patient during hospitalization. Errors in the rate of fluid administration (29.8\%), incorrect fluid volume calculation (26.5\%) and incorrect type of fluid selection (24.6\%) were the most common types of errors. The patients' male sex, old age, baseline renal diseases, diabetes co-morbidity, and hospitalization due to endocarditis, HIV infection and sepsis are predisposing factors for the occurrence of fluid therapy errors in the patients. CONCLUSION: Our result showed that intravenous fluid therapy errors occurred commonly in the hospitalized patients especially in the medical wards. Improvement in knowledge and attention of health-care workers about these errors are essential for preventing of medication errors in aspect of fluid therapy.}}, | |
| pages = {374 -- 381}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {34}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {Mousavi, Maryam | |
| Khalili, Hossein | |
| Dashti-Khavidaki, Simin | |
| eng | |
| Netherlands | |
| 2012/03/07 06:00 | |
| Int J Clin Pharm. 2012 Apr;34(2):374-81. doi: 10.1007/s11096-012-9620-8. Epub 2012 Mar 6.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Francois_2019_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {lcmm write up}, | |
| title = {{The SOFA score—development, utility and challenges of accurate assessment in clinical trials}}, | |
| author = {Lambden, Simon and Laterre, Pierre Francois and Levy, Mitchell M. and Francois, Bruno}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-019-2663-7}, | |
| abstract = {{The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment or SOFA score was developed to assess the acute morbidity of critical illness at a population level and has been widely validated as a tool for this purpose across a range of healthcare settings and environments. In recent years, the SOFA score has become extensively used in a range of other applications. A change in the SOFA score of 2 or more is now a defining characteristic of the sepsis syndrome, and the European Medicines Agency has accepted that a change in the SOFA score is an acceptable surrogate marker of efficacy in exploratory trials of novel therapeutic agents in sepsis. The requirement to detect modest serial changes in a patients’ SOFA score therefore means that increased clarity on how the score should be assessed in different circumstances is required. This review explores the development of the SOFA score, its applications and the challenges associated with measurement. In addition, it proposes guidance designed to facilitate the consistent and valid assessment of the score in multicentre sepsis trials involving novel therapeutic agents or interventions. Conclusion The SOFA score is an increasingly important tool in defining both the clinical condition of the individual patient and the response to therapies in the context of clinical trials. Standardisation between different assessors in widespread centres is key to detecting response to treatment if the SOFA score is to be used as an outcome in sepsis clinical trials.}}, | |
| pages = {374}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {23} | |
| } | |
| @article{Caterino_2015_Ann_Emerg_Med, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Geriatric-specific triage criteria are more sensitive than standard adult criteria in identifying need for trauma center care in injured older adults}}, | |
| author = {Ichwan, B. and Darbha, S. and Shah, M. N. and Thompson, L. and Evans, D. C. and Boulger, C. T. and Caterino, J. M.}, | |
| journal = {Ann Emerg Med}, | |
| issn = {0196-0644}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.04.019}, | |
| pmid = {24908590}, | |
| abstract = {{Study objectiveWe evaluate the sensitivity of Ohio's 2009 emergency medical services (EMS) geriatric trauma triage criteria compared with the previous adult triage criteria in identifying need for trauma center care among older adults.MethodsWe studied a retrospective cohort of injured patients aged 16 years or older in the 2006 to 2011 Ohio Trauma Registry. Patients aged 70 years or older were considered geriatric. We identified whether each patient met the geriatric and the adult triage criteria. The outcome measure was need for trauma center care, defined by surrogate markers: Injury Severity Score greater than 15, operating room in fewer than 48 hours, any ICU stay, and inhospital mortality. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of both triage criteria for both age groups.ResultsWe included 101,577 patients; 33,379 (33\%) were geriatric. Overall, 57\% of patients met adult criteria and 68\% met geriatric criteria. Using Injury Severity Score, for older adults geriatric criteria were more sensitive for need for trauma center care (93\%; 95\% confidence interval [CI] 92\% to 93\%) than adult criteria (61\%; 95\% CI 60\% to 62\%). Geriatric criteria decreased specificity in older adults from 61\% (95\% CI 61\% to 62\%) to 49\% (95\% CI 48\% to 49\%). Geriatric criteria in older adults (93\% sensitivity, 49\% specificity) performed similarly to the adult criteria in younger adults (sensitivity 87\% and specificity 44\%). Similar patterns were observed for other outcomes.ConclusionStandard adult EMS triage guidelines provide poor sensitivity in older adults. Ohio's geriatric trauma triage guidelines significantly improve sensitivity in identifying Injury Severity Score and other surrogate markers of the need for trauma center care, with modest decreases in specificity for older adults.}}, | |
| pages = {92--100.e3}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {65} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sorensen_2011_BMC_Med_Res_Methodol, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{The predictive value of ICD-10 diagnostic coding used to assess Charlson comorbidity index conditions in the population-based Danish National Registry of Patients}}, | |
| author = {Thygesen, S. K. and Christiansen, C. F. and Christensen, S. and Lash, T. L. and Sorensen, H. T.}, | |
| journal = {BMC Med Res Methodol}, | |
| issn = {1471-2288}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1471-2288-11-83}, | |
| pmid = {21619668}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC3125388}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3125388/pdf/1471-2288-11-83.pdf}, | |
| abstract = {{The Charlson comorbidity index is often used to control for confounding in research based on medical databases. There are few studies of the accuracy of the codes obtained from these databases. We examined the positive predictive value (PPV) of the ICD-10 diagnostic coding in the Danish National Registry of Patients (NRP) for the 19 Charlson conditions. Among all hospitalizations in Northern Denmark between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2007 with a first-listed diagnosis of a Charlson condition in the NRP, we selected 50 hospital contacts for each condition. We reviewed discharge summaries and medical records to verify the NRP diagnoses, and computed the PPV as the proportion of confirmed diagnoses. A total of 950 records were reviewed. The overall PPV for the 19 Charlson conditions was 98.0\% (95\% CI; 96.9, 98.8). The PPVs ranged from 82.0\% (95\% CI; 68.6\%, 91.4\%) for diabetes with diabetic complications to 100\% (one-sided 97.5\% CI; 92.9\%, 100\%) for congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, mild and severe liver disease, hemiplegia, renal disease, leukaemia, lymphoma, metastatic tumour, and AIDS. The PPV of NRP coding of the Charlson conditions was consistently high.}}, | |
| pages = {83}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {11} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Network_tarn_ac_uk, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {AIS,ISS}, | |
| title = {{About Tarn}}, | |
| author = {Network, The Trauma Audit \& Research}, | |
| url = {https://www.tarn.ac.uk}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @techreport{Library_2019_NHS_Key_Statistics, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| author = {Library, House of Commons}, | |
| title = {{NHS Key Statistics}}, | |
| url = {https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-7281}, | |
| month = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{Congleton_2013_Thorax, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{S68 The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) \& iatrogenic harm - could the NEWS for COPD patients be improved?}}, | |
| author = {Hodgson, L. and Bax, S. and Montefort, M. and Zahra, J. and Venn, R. and Ranu, H. and Congleton, J.}, | |
| journal = {Thorax}, | |
| issn = {0040-6376 1468-3296}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.75}, | |
| abstract = {{The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) system is in use throughout NHS Acute Trusts. It reliably picks up the small proportion of patients at high risk of death during their admission. However, during Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD), where target saturations are 88–92\% in selected patients, a high proportion of patients have NEWS ‘alerts’ when their oxygen levels are within the target range set by their clinician. This results in referral for urgent review by medical staff and/or an inappropriate increase of inspired oxygen which could exacerbate hypercapnic respiratory failure. We therefore propose a simple modification to the NEWS system in patients at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure. Three points are added for target saturations of 85\% or less and two points are added for target saturations of 86–87\%. For target saturations of 88–92\%, no additional points will be added. This modification would be at the senior clinicians’ discretion. We reviewed the observations of 1119 patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of AECOPD and compared them to 15,953 patients aged over 50 admitted to one of two acute medical units. Admission saturations were reviewed and compared with in-patient mortality. Use of the current NEWS system resulted in 40\% of patients with AECOPD scoring 2–3 points on their saturation alone despite most being in the saturation range recommended by the BTS1. In addition, their risk of mortality was significantly lower than patients without COPD in the same saturation range (See table 1). Our proposed modified NEWS system results in an improved ability to identify the patients at higher risk of mortality, thereby resulting in more efficient utilisation of medical resources and the reduction of inappropriate use of oxygen and risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure. We have shown that the current NEWS system leads to a significant number of patients with AECOPD alerting when they have nationally recommended target oxygen saturations. A simple adjustment of the alerting threshold in this cohort could improve the system. This could also be applicable to other respiratory patients with or at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure. 1. BTS guideline for emergency oxygen use.}}, | |
| pages = {A37.1--A37}, | |
| number = {Suppl 3}, | |
| volume = {68} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lungren_2018_PLoS_medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {To Read}, | |
| title = {{Deep learning for chest radiograph diagnosis: A retrospective comparison of the CheXNeXt algorithm to practicing radiologists.}}, | |
| author = {Rajpurkar, Pranav and Irvin, Jeremy and Ball, Robyn L and Zhu, Kaylie and Yang, Brandon and Mehta, Hershel and Duan, Tony and Ding, Daisy and Bagul, Aarti and Langlotz, Curtis P and Patel, Bhavik N and Yeom, Kristen W and Shpanskaya, Katie and Blankenberg, Francis G and Seekins, Jayne and Amrhein, Timothy J and Mong, David A and Halabi, Safwan S and Zucker, Evan J and Ng, Andrew Y and Lungren, Matthew P}, | |
| journal = {PLoS medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002686}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND:Chest radiograph interpretation is critical for the detection of thoracic diseases, including tuberculosis and lung cancer, which affect millions of people worldwide each year. This time-consuming task typically requires expert radiologists to read the images, leading to fatigue-based diagnostic error and lack of diagnostic expertise in areas of the world where radiologists are not available. Recently, deep learning approaches have been able to achieve expert-level performance in medical image interpretation tasks, powered by large network architectures and fueled by the emergence of large labeled datasets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of a deep learning algorithm on the detection of pathologies in chest radiographs compared with practicing radiologists. | |
| METHODS AND FINDINGS:We developed CheXNeXt, a convolutional neural network to concurrently detect the presence of 14 different pathologies, including pneumonia, pleural effusion, pulmonary masses, and nodules in frontal-view chest radiographs. CheXNeXt was trained and internally validated on the ChestX-ray8 dataset, with a held-out validation set consisting of 420 images, sampled to contain at least 50 cases of each of the original pathology labels. On this validation set, the majority vote of a panel of 3 board-certified cardiothoracic specialist radiologists served as reference standard. We compared CheXNeXt's discriminative performance on the validation set to the performance of 9 radiologists using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The radiologists included 6 board-certified radiologists (average experience 12 years, range 4-28 years) and 3 senior radiology residents, from 3 academic institutions. We found that CheXNeXt achieved radiologist-level performance on 11 pathologies and did not achieve radiologist-level performance on 3 pathologies. The radiologists achieved statistically significantly higher AUC performance on cardiomegaly, emphysema, and hiatal hernia, with AUCs of 0.888 (95\% confidence interval [CI] 0.863-0.910), 0.911 (95\% CI 0.866-0.947), and 0.985 (95\% CI 0.974-0.991), respectively, whereas CheXNeXt's AUCs were 0.831 (95\% CI 0.790-0.870), 0.704 (95\% CI 0.567-0.833), and 0.851 (95\% CI 0.785-0.909), respectively. CheXNeXt performed better than radiologists in detecting atelectasis, with an AUC of 0.862 (95\% CI 0.825-0.895), statistically significantly higher than radiologists' AUC of 0.808 (95\% CI 0.777-0.838); there were no statistically significant differences in AUCs for the other 10 pathologies. The average time to interpret the 420 images in the validation set was substantially longer for the radiologists (240 minutes) than for CheXNeXt (1.5 minutes). The main limitations of our study are that neither CheXNeXt nor the radiologists were permitted to use patient history or review prior examinations and that evaluation was limited to a dataset from a single institution. | |
| CONCLUSIONS:In this study, we developed and validated a deep learning algorithm that classified clinically important abnormalities in chest radiographs at a performance level comparable to practicing radiologists. Once tested prospectively in clinical settings, the algorithm could have the potential to expand patient access to chest radiograph diagnostics.}}, | |
| editor = {Sheikh, Aziz}, | |
| pages = {e1002686}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {15}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pressley_2016_Injury_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Side impact motor vehicle crashes: driver, passenger, vehicle and crash characteristics for fatally and nonfatally-injured rear-seated adults}}, | |
| author = {Liu, Chang and Pressley, Joyce C}, | |
| journal = {Injury Epidemiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s40621-016-0088-1}, | |
| abstract = {{Injury Epidemiology, 2016, doi:10.1186/s40621-016-0088-1}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 11}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {3}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {09} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vincent_2004_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Persistent microcirculatory alterations are associated with organ failure and death in patients with septic shock*}}, | |
| author = {Sakr, Yasser and Dubois, Marc-Jacques and Backer, Daniel De and Creteur, Jacques and Vincent, Jean-Louis}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/01.ccm.0000138558.16257.3f}, | |
| pages = {1825 -- 1831}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {32} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vane_1993_British_journal_of_pharmacology, | |
| year = {1993}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Selective inhibition of agonist‐induced but not shear stress‐dependent release of endothelial autacoids by thapsigargin}}, | |
| author = {Macarthur, Heather and Hecker, Markus and Busse, Rudi and Vane, John R}, | |
| journal = {British journal of pharmacology}, | |
| pages = {100 -- 105}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {108} | |
| } | |
| @misc{tsi, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| author = {Kuhn, Max and Wickham, Hadley}, | |
| title = {{Tidymodels: a collection of packages for modeling and machine learning using tidyverse principles.}}, | |
| url = {https://www.tidymodels.org} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rowe_2015_BMC_Public_Health, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{The epidemiology of fatal cyclist crashes over a 14-year period in Alberta, Canada}}, | |
| author = {Gaudet, Lindsay and Romanow, Nicole T. R. and Nettel-Aguirre, Alberto and Voaklander, Donald and Hagel, Brent E. and Rowe, Brian H.}, | |
| journal = {BMC Public Health}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s12889-015-2476-9}, | |
| pmid = {26577650}, | |
| abstract = {{Cycling is a popular recreational activity and a common transportation option; however, cycling-related injuries can be fatal. There are few studies of cycling fatalities in Canada and none in a region as sparsely populated as Alberta. A chart review was conducted of cyclists involved in fatal crashes. Charts for deaths that occurred between 1998 and 2011 (inclusive) were identified and abstracted onto standardized forms. Personal characteristics and crash circumstances, including motor vehicle involvement, were collected; mechanisms of fatally injured cyclists across age groups were compared. Census data were used to calculate region-specific and provincial age-specific cycling fatality rates. Charts from 101 deaths over 14 years were reviewed. Events mainly occurred during the summer. There were more fatalities in urban (64 [63 \%]) than in rural settings. Collisions with motor vehicles and cyclist-only crashes accounted for 68 and 15 \% of cycling fatalities, respectively. Most (87 \%) deceased cyclists were male, and the median age was 47 years (inter-quartile range: 25, 58). The population-based fatality rate over the study period was highest among deceased cyclists older than 65. Helmet use was reported in 26 (26 \%) cases and increased with age. Alcohol use was detected in 25 (25 \%) cases. Fatal cycling crashes in Alberta typically involve adults riding on urban roads and collisions with motor vehicles. While helmet legislation has reduced non-fatal cycling head injuries, deaths may be further prevented by physical separation of cyclists and motor vehicles and avoidance of substance use while operating bicycles.}}, | |
| pages = {1142}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {15} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lucas_2007_2007_29th_Annual_International_Conference_of_the_IEEE_Engineering_in_Medicine_and_Biology_Society, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| keywords = {*Algorithms,*Artificial Intelligence,Color,Colorimetry/*methods,Humans,Image Enhancement/methods,Image Interpretation,Computer-Assisted/*methods,Pattern Recognition,Automated/*methods,Photography/*methods,Pressure Ulcer/*pathology,Reproducibility of Results,Sensitivity and Specificity,Wounds and Injuries/*pathology}, | |
| title = {{Supervised Tissue Classification from Color Images for a Complete Wound Assessment Tool}}, | |
| author = {Wannous, Hazem and Treuillet, Sylvie and Lucas, Yves}, | |
| journal = {2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society}, | |
| issn = {1557-170X}, | |
| doi = {10.1109/iembs.2007.4353723}, | |
| pmid = {18003389}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18003389/}, | |
| abstract = {{This work is part of the ESCALE project dedicated to the design of a complete 3D and color wound assessment tool using a simple free handled digital camera. The first part was concerned with the computation of a 3D model for wound measurements using uncalibrated vision techniques. This paper presents the second part which deals with color classification of wound tissues, a prior step before to combine shape and color analysis in a single tool for real tissue surface measurements. As direct pixel classification proved to be inefficient for tissue wound labeling, we have adopted an original approach based on unsupervised segmentation prior to classification, to improve the robustness of the labeling step by considering spatial continuity and homogeneity. A ground truth is first provided by merging the images collected and labeled by clinicians. Then, color and texture tissue descriptors are extracted on labeled regions of this learning database to design a SVM region classifier, achieving 88\% success overlap score. Finally, we apply unsupervised color region segmentation on test images and classify the regions. Compared to the ground truth, segmentation driven classification and clinician labeling achieve similar performance, around 75 \% for granulation and 60\% for slough.}}, | |
| pages = {6031--6034}, | |
| volume = {2007}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: svm,wound,unsupervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @book{lao, | |
| title = {{Deep R Programming.pdf}}, | |
| author = {Gagolewski, Marek}, | |
| isbn = {978-0-6455719-2-9}, | |
| edition = {1.0}, | |
| doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7490464}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Deep%20R%20Programming_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hekmat_2011_Journal_of_Cardiothoracic_Surgery, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| title = {{Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score (LODS): A reliable postoperative risk management score also in cardiac surgical patients?}}, | |
| author = {Heldwein, Matthias B and Badreldin, Akmal MA and Doerr, Fabian and Lehmann, Thomas and Bayer, Ole and Doenst, Torsten and Hekmat, Khosro}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1749-8090-6-110}, | |
| pmid = {21923900}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC3184266}, | |
| abstract = {{The original Logistic Organ Dysfunction Sore (LODS) excluded cardiac surgery patients from its target population, and the suitability of this score in cardiac surgery patients has never been tested. We evaluated the accuracy of the LODS and the usefulness of its daily measurement in cardiac surgery patients. The LODS is not a true logistic scoring system, since it does not use β-coefficients. This prospective study included all consecutive adult patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery between January 2007 and December 2008. The LODS was calculated daily from the first until the seventh postoperative day. Performance was assessed with Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit test (calibration) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (discrimination) from ICU admission day until day 7. The outcome measure was ICU mortality. A total of 2801 patients (29.6\% female) with a mean age of 66.4 ± 10.7 years were included. The ICU mortality rate was 5.2\% (n = 147). The mean stay on the ICU was 4.3 ± 6.8 days. Calibration of the LODS was good with no significant difference between expected and observed mortality rates on any day (p ≥ 0.05). The initial LODS had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.81. The AUC was best on ICU day 3 with a value of 0.93, and declined to 0.85 on ICU day 7. Although the LODS has not previously been validated for cardiac surgery patients it showed reasonable accuracy in prediction of ICU mortality in patients after cardiac surgery.}}, | |
| pages = {110}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {6} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gur_2013_Stat_Med, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{On use of partial area under the ROC curve for evaluation of diagnostic performance}}, | |
| author = {Ma, H. and B and os, A. I. and Rockette, H. E. and Gur, D.}, | |
| journal = {Stat Med}, | |
| issn = {0277-6715}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/sim.5777}, | |
| pmid = {23508757}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC3744586}, | |
| abstract = {{Evaluation of diagnostic performance is a necessary component of new developments in many fields including medical diagnostics and decision making. The methodology for statistical analysis of diagnostic performance continues to develop, offering new analytical tools for conventional inferences and solutions for novel and increasingly more practically relevant questions. In this paper, we focus on the partial area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve or pAUC. This summary index is considered to be more practically relevant than the area under the entire ROC curve (AUC), but because of several perceived limitations, it is not used as often. To improve interpretation, results for pAUC analysis are frequently reported using a rescaled index such as the standardized partial AUC proposed by McClish (1989). We derive two important properties of the relationship between the ‘standardized’ pAUC and the defined range of interest, which could facilitate a wider and more appropriate use of this important summary index. First, we mathematically prove that the ‘standardized’ pAUC increases with increasing range of interest for practically common ROC curves. Second, using comprehensive numerical investigations, we demonstrate that, contrary to common belief, the uncertainty about the estimated standardized pAUC can either decrease or increase with an increasing range of interest. Our results indicate that the partial AUC could frequently offer advantages in terms of statistical uncertainty of the estimation. In addition, selection of a wider range of interest will likely lead to an increased estimate even for standardized pAUC. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}}, | |
| pages = {3449--58}, | |
| number = {20}, | |
| volume = {32} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pinsky_2014_Br_J_Anaesth, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Clinical Trials without conceptual foundation may produce flawed results for the management of fluid therapy in the critically ill}}, | |
| author = {Pinsky, M R}, | |
| journal = {Br J Anaesth}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/bja/aeu143}, | |
| pages = {737 -- 739}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {113}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {Pinsky, M R | |
| eng | |
| Editorial | |
| England | |
| 2014/06/02 06:00 | |
| Br J Anaesth. 2014 Nov;113(5):737-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu143. Epub 2014 May 31.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Scalea_2002_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2002}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Hypotensive resuscitation during active hemorrhage: impact on in-hospital mortality}}, | |
| author = {Dutton, Richard P and Mackenzie, Colin F and Scalea, Thomas M}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| pages = {1141 -- 1146}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {52} | |
| } | |
| @article{Adachi_2006_Journal_of_pain_and_symptom_management, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Artificial hydration therapy, laboratory findings, and fluid balance in terminally ill patients with abdominal malignancies}}, | |
| author = {Morita, Tatsuya and Hyodo, Ichinosuke and Yoshimi, Taisuke and Ikenaga, Masayuki and Tamura, Yoichiro and Yoshizawa, Akitaka and Shimada, Akira and Akechi, Tatsuo and Miyashita, Mitsunori and Adachi, Isamu}, | |
| journal = {Journal of pain and symptom management}, | |
| pages = {130 -- 139}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {31} | |
| } | |
| @article{Craig_2004_Archives_of_pediatrics___adolescent_medicine, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Enteral vs intravenous rehydration therapy for children with gastroenteritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials}}, | |
| author = {Fonseca, Bob K and Holdgate, Anna and Craig, Jonathan C}, | |
| journal = {Archives of pediatrics \& adolescent medicine}, | |
| pages = {483 -- 490}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {158} | |
| } | |
| @article{Tai_2020_The_Annals_of_The_Royal_College_of_Surgeons_of_England, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| title = {{Trends in admission timing and mechanism of injury can be used to improve general surgical trauma training}}, | |
| author = {Pearce, AP and Marsden, MER and Newell, N and Hancorn, K and Lecky, F and Brohi, K and Tai, N}, | |
| journal = {The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England}, | |
| issn = {0035-8843}, | |
| doi = {10.1308/rcsann.2019.0135}, | |
| pmid = {31660752}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6937604}, | |
| abstract = {{Introduction The temporal patterns and unit-based distributions of trauma patients requiring surgical intervention are poorly described in the UK. We describe the distribution of trauma patients in the UK and assess whether changes in working patterns could provide greater exposure for operative trauma training. Methods We searched the Trauma Audit and Research Network database to identify all patients between 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. Operative cases were defined as all patients who underwent laparotomy, thoracotomy or open vascular intervention. We assessed time of arrival, correlations between mechanism of injury and surgery, and the effect of changing shift patterns on exposure to trauma patients by reference to a standard 10-hour shift assuming a dedicated trauma rotation or fellowship. Results There were 159,719 patients from 194 hospitals submitted to the Network between 2014 and 2016. The busiest 20 centres accounted for 57,568 (36.0\%) of cases in total. Of these 2147/57,568 patients (3.7\%) required a general surgical operation; 43\% of penetrating admissions (925 cases) and 2.2\% of blunt admissions (1222 cases). The number of operations correlated more closely with the number of penetrating rather than blunt admissions (r = 0.89 vs r = 0.51). A diurnal pattern in trauma admissions enabled significant increases in trauma exposure with later start times. Conclusions Centres with high volume and high penetrating rates are likely to require more general surgical input and should be identified as locations for operative trauma training. It is possible to improve the number of trauma patients seen in a shift by optimising shift start time.}}, | |
| pages = {36--42}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {102} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mythen_2011_BAPEN, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{British Consensus Guidelines on Intravenous Fluid Therapy for Adult Surgical Patients}}, | |
| author = {Powell-Tuck, Jeremy and Gosling, Peter and Lobo, Dileep and Allison, Simon and Carlson, Gordon and Gore, Marcus and Lewington, Andrew and Pearse, Rupert and Mythen, Monty}, | |
| journal = {BAPEN}, | |
| url = {http://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/bapen\_pubs/giftasup.pdf}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 50}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{Moore_1996, | |
| year = {1996}, | |
| title = {{Postinjury multiple organ failure: a bimodal phenomenon.}}, | |
| author = {Moore, Frederick A. and Sauaia, Angela and Sauaia, Angela and Moore, Ernest E. and Haenel, James B. and Burch, Jon M. and Lezotte, Dennis C. and Lezotte, Dennis C. and Lezotte, Dennis C.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma-injury Infection and Critical Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005373-199604000-00001}, | |
| pmid = {8614027}, | |
| abstract = {{To better define the epidemiology of postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF), we prospectively evaluated 457 high-risk trauma patients who survived more than 48 hours. Overall, 70 (15\%) developed MOF. In 27 (39\%) patients, the occurrence was early, while in 43 (61\%) patients the presentation was delayed. At presentation, early MOF had more cardiac dysfunction, while late MOF had greater hepatic failure. Indices of shock were more critical risk factors for early MOF, while advanced age was more important for late MOF. While early and late MOF had a similar high incidence of major infections, these appeared to be more important in precipitating late MOF. Finally, while mortality is similar, early MOF patients appear to succumb faster. In conclusion, postinjury MOF remains a significant challenge and appears to present in at least two patterns (i.e., early versus late). Better understanding of the relative roles of the dysfunctional inflammation and infections in early MOF versus late MOF may facilitate the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of morbid syndrome. Language: en}}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Moore-Postinjury%20multiple%20organ%20failure-%20a%20bimodal%20phenomenon--1996-Journal%20of%20Trauma-injury%20Infection%20and%20Critical%20Care.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Nagree_2012_BMC_geriatrics, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The impact of early emergency department allied health intervention on admission rates in older people: a non-randomized clinical study.}}, | |
| author = {Arendts, Glenn and Fitzhardinge, Sarah and Pronk, Karren and Donaldson, Mark and Hutton, Marani and Nagree, Yusuf}, | |
| journal = {BMC geriatrics}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/1471-2318-12-8}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND:This study sought to determine whether early allied health intervention by a dedicated Emergency Department (ED) based team, occurring before or in parallel with medical assessment, reduces hospital admission rates amongst older patients presenting with one of ten index problems. | |
| METHODS:A prospective non-randomized trial in patients aged sixty five and over, conducted in two Australian hospital EDs. Intervention group patients, receiving early comprehensive allied health input, were compared to patients that received no allied health assessment. Propensity score matching was used to compare the two groups due to the non-randomized nature of the study. The primary outcome was admission to an inpatient hospital bed from the ED. | |
| RESULTS:Of five thousand two hundred and sixty five patients in the trial, 3165 were in the intervention group. The admission rate in the intervention group was 72.0\% compared to 74.4\% in the control group. Using propensity score probabilities of being assigned to either group in a conditional logistic regression model, this difference was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.046, OR 0.88 (0.76-1.00)). On subgroup analysis the admission rate in patients with musculoskeletal symptoms and angina pectoris was less for those who received allied health intervention versus those who did not. This difference was significant. | |
| CONCLUSIONS:Early allied health intervention in the ED has a significant but modest impact on admission rates in older patients. The effect appears to be limited to a small number of common presenting problems.}}, | |
| pages = {8}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {12}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {03} | |
| } | |
| @article{g8u, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2017\_Bookmatter\_RoboticsVisionAndControl(4).pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Marshall_2001_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| title = {{Inflammation, coagulopathy, and the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Marshall, John C.}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0090-3493}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00003246-200107001-00032}, | |
| pmid = {11445742}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective An improved understanding of the mechanisms through which infecting pathogens harm the host is leading to new formulations of the concept of sepsis. We review the roles of inflammation and coagulation in the pathogenesis of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and explore the potential of new therapies to restore the fine biological balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms that are disrupted during the life-threatening processes that lead to organ dysfunction. Data Sources Narrative review of published primary sources in the basic and clinical literature. Data Summary Traditional models of host-pathogen interactions ascribe the morbidity of infection to the direct cytotoxic effects of micro-organisms on host tissues. However, abundant experimental and clinical evidence has revealed that it is the response of the host, rather than the trigger that elicited it, that is the more potent determinant of outcome. The elucidation of a complex network of host-derived inflammatory mediators raised the possibility that targeting these individually could improve patient outcomes, and some modest successes with this approach have been achieved. More recently, it is becoming evident that the inflammatory response, in turn, mediates its deleterious effects by inducing tissue hypoxia, and cellular injury, either through tissue necrosis or through the induction of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Thus, treatment strategies that target the downstream consequences of the activation of inflammation, for example, microvascular coagulation or acute adrenal insufficiency, represent the latest, and some of the most promising approaches to attenuation of the septic response to improve survival, and minimize organ dysfunction. The maladaptive sequelae of systemic inflammation, embodied in the concept of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, comprise the leading obstacle to survival for patients admitted to a contemporary intensive care unit. Further insights into this intimidatingly complex process will not only provide potent new therapeutic options, but promise to transform critical illness from a biological standoff, during which the clinician merely supports failing organs, to a disease that can be successfully treated.}}, | |
| pages = {S99--S106}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {29}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Marshall-Inflammation,%20coagulopathy,%20and%20the%20pathogenesis%20of%20multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20syndrome-2001-Critical%20Care%20Medicine_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kurz_2005_Anesth_Analg, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Supplemental intravenous crystalloid administration does not reduce the risk of surgical wound infection}}, | |
| author = {Kabon, B and Akca, O and Taguchi, A and Nagele, A and Jebadurai, R and Arkilic, C F and Sharma, N and Ahluwalia, A and Galandiuk, S and Fleshman, J and Sessler, D I and Kurz, A}, | |
| journal = {Anesth Analg}, | |
| doi = {10.1213/01.ane.0000180217.57952.fe}, | |
| abstract = {{Wound perfusion and oxygenation are important determinants of the development of postoperative wound infections. Supplemental fluid administration significantly increases tissue oxygenation in surrogate wounds in the subcutaneous tissue of the upper arm in perioperative surgical patients. We tested the hypothesis that supplemental fluid administration during and after elective colon resections decreases the incidence of postoperative wound infections. Patients undergoing open colon resection were randomly assigned to small-volume (n = 124, 8 mL.kg(-1).h(-1)) or large-volume (n = 129, 16-18 mL.kg(-1).h(-1)) fluid management. Our major outcomes were two distinct criteria for diagnosis of surgical wound infections: 1) purulent exudate combined with a culture positive for pathogenic bacteria, and 2) Center for Disease Control criteria for diagnosis of surgical wound infections. All wound infections diagnosed using either criterion by a blinded observer in the 15 days after surgery were considered in the analysis. Wound healing was evaluated with the ASEPSIS scoring system. Of the patients given small fluid administration, 14 had surgical wound infections; 11 given large fluid therapy had infections, P = 0.46. ASEPSIS wound-healing scores were similar in both groups: 7 +/- 16 (small volume) versus 8 +/- 14 (large volume), P = 0.70. Our results suggest that supplemental hydration in the range tested does not impact wound infection rate.}}, | |
| pages = {1546 -- 1553}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {101}, | |
| note = {Kabon, Barbara | |
| Akca, Ozan | |
| Taguchi, Akiko | |
| Nagele, Angelika | |
| Jebadurai, Ratnaraj | |
| Arkilic, Cem F | |
| Sharma, Neeru | |
| Ahluwalia, Arundhathi | |
| Galandiuk, Susan | |
| Fleshman, James | |
| Sessler, Daniel I | |
| Kurz, Andrea | |
| eng | |
| DE 14879/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ | |
| GM 61655/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ | |
| R01 GM061655-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ | |
| R03 DE014879-02/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ | |
| Clinical Trial | |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | |
| Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. | |
| 2005/10/26 09:00 | |
| Anesth Analg. 2005 Nov;101(5):1546-53.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pieracci_2007, | |
| year = {2003}, | |
| keywords = {Non-trauma focus,literature review}, | |
| title = {{Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Parke, A. L. and Liu, P. T. and Parke, D. V.}, | |
| journal = {InflammoPharmacology}, | |
| issn = {0925-4692}, | |
| doi = {10.1163/156856003321547130}, | |
| pmid = {15035736}, | |
| abstract = {{Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and renal failure, is described, its clinical features outlined, its origins in tissue oxidative stress following severe infections, surgical trauma, ionizing radiation, high-dosage drugs and chemicals, severe hemorrhage, etc., are defined, and its prevention and treatment prescribed.}}, | |
| pages = {87--95}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {11}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Parke-Multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20syndrome-2003-InflammoPharmacology.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Xu_2022_World_Neurosurgery, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{XGBoost Machine Learning Algorism Performed Better Than Regression Models in Predicting Mortality of Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury}}, | |
| author = {Wang, Ruoran and Wang, Luping and Zhang, Jing and He, Min and Xu, Jianguo}, | |
| journal = {World Neurosurgery}, | |
| issn = {1878-8750}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.044}, | |
| pmid = {35430400}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) brings severe mortality and morbidity risk to patients. Predicting the outcome of these patients is necessary for physicians to make suitable treatments to improve prognosis. The aim of this study is to develop a mortality prediction approach using XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting) in moderate-to-severe TBI. Methods A total of 368 patients hospitalized in West China hospital for TBI with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) below 13 were identified. To construct the XGBoost prediction approach, patients were divided into training set and test set with a ratio of 7:3. A logistic regression prediction model was also constructed and compared with the XGBoost model. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to compare the prognostic value between XGBoost and logistic regression. Results A total of 205 patients suffered a poor outcome with a mortality of 55.7\%. Nonsurvivors had a lower GCS (5 vs. 7, P < 0.001) and a higher Injury Severit Score (ISS) than survivors (25 vs. 16, P < 0.001). Platelet (P < 0.001), albumin (P < 0.001), and hemoglobin (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in nonsurvivors, whereas glucose (P < 0.001) and prothrombin time (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in nonsurvivors. Among the XGBoost approach, GCS, prothrombin time, and glucose had the most significant feature importance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.955 vs. 0.805) and accuracy (0.955 vs. 0.70) of XGBoost were both higher than logistic regression. Conclusion Predicting mortality of patients with moderate-to-severe TBI using the XGBoost algorism is more effective and precise than logistic regression. The XGBoost prediction approach is beneficial for physicians to evaluate patients with TBI at high risk of poor outcome.}}, | |
| pages = {e617--e622}, | |
| volume = {163} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vincent_2015_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{A positive fluid balance is an independent prognostic factor in patients with sepsis}}, | |
| author = {Acheampong, Angela and Vincent, Jean-Louis}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-015-0970-1}, | |
| abstract = {{Critical Care, 2015, doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0970-1}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 7}, | |
| month = {06} | |
| } | |
| @article{Radakovic_2013_Mediators_of_Inflammation, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| title = {{Immunoinflammatory Response in Critically Ill Patients: Severe Sepsis and/or Trauma}}, | |
| author = {Surbatovic, Maja and Veljovic, Milic and Jevdjic, Jasna and Popovic, Nada and Djordjevic, Dragan and Radakovic, Sonja}, | |
| journal = {Mediators of Inflammation}, | |
| issn = {0962-9351}, | |
| doi = {10.1155/2013/362793}, | |
| pmid = {24371374}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC3859159}, | |
| abstract = {{Immunoinflammatory response in critically ill patients is very complex. This review explores some of the new elements of immunoinflammatory response in severe sepsis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha in severe acute pancreatitis as a clinical example of immune response in sepsis, immune response in severe trauma with or without secondary sepsis, and genetic aspects of host immuno-inflammatory response to various insults in critically ill patients.}}, | |
| pages = {362793}, | |
| volume = {2013} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Team_2019, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| author = {Team, R Core}, | |
| title = {{R: A language and environment for statistical computing}}, | |
| url = {https://www.R-project.org/}, | |
| publisher = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing}, | |
| address = {Vienna, Austria} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kidney_2012_Emerg_Med_J, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Current use of early warning scores in UK emergency departments}}, | |
| author = {Griffiths, J. R. and Kidney, E. M.}, | |
| journal = {Emerg Med J}, | |
| issn = {1472-0213 (Electronic) 1472-0205 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emermed-2011-200508}, | |
| pmid = {21965177}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21965177}, | |
| abstract = {{There is recent evidence that the modified early warning scoring systems (MEWS) in the emergency department (ED) can identify patients at risk of deterioration. However, concerns remain that they are not sensitive enough to use as a risk assessment tool. To assess use of MEWS in UK EDs. A postal survey was undertaken of 254 adult EDs within the UK. Questionnaires were sent to the clinical lead at each department about their use of early warning scoring systems. Responses were received from 145 departments giving a response rate of 57\%. 87\% of respondents are currently using early warning scores (EWS). Of those, 80\% are using MEWS. In 71\% high EWS results in senior ED review, however in 25\% it does not. Less than half of departments use high MEWS to trigger critical care input. 93\% of respondents support using EWS in the ED. Despite the lack of strong evidence, the majority of UK EDs are using EWS in some form. MEWS is the most commonly used but departments vary on their use of EWS for senior ED and/or critical care review. Over 90\% of respondents in this survey support EWS in the ED.}}, | |
| pages = {65--6}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {29} | |
| } | |
| @article{Liquet_2015_Journal_of_Statistical_Software, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{Estimation of extended mixed models using latent classes and latent processes: the R package lcmm}}, | |
| author = {Proust-Lima, Cécile and Philipps, Viviane and Liquet, Benoit}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Statistical Software}, | |
| doi = {10.18637/jss.v078.i02}, | |
| url = {Journal of Statistical Software}, | |
| abstract = {{The R package lcmm provides a series of functions to estimate statistical models based on linear mixed model theory. It includes the estimation of mixed models and latent class mixed models for Gaussian longitudinal outcomes (hlme), curvilinear and ordinal univariate longitudinal outcomes (lcmm) and curvilinear multivariate outcomes (multlcmm), as well as joint latent class mixed models (Jointlcmm) for a (Gaussian or curvilinear) longitudinal outcome and a time-to-event that can be possibly left-truncated right-censored and defined in a competing setting. Maximum likelihood esimators are obtained using a modified Marquardt algorithm with strict convergence criteria based on the parameters and likelihood stability, and on the negativity of the second derivatives. The package also provides various post-fit functions including goodness-of-fit analyses, classification, plots, predicted trajectories, individual dynamic prediction of the event and predictive accuracy assessment. This paper constitutes a companion paper to the package by introducing each family of models, the estimation technique, some implementation details and giving examples through a dataset on cognitive aging.}}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {78}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {03}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Proust-Lima-Estimation%20of%20extended%20mixed%20models%20using%20latent%20classes%20and%20latent%20processes-%20the%20R%20package%20lcmm-2015-Journal%20of%20Statistical%20Software.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Al_Thani_2021_Brain_Injury, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| rating = {4}, | |
| keywords = {JC}, | |
| title = {{Rotterdam and Marshall Scores for Prediction of in-hospital Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: An observational study}}, | |
| author = {Asim, Mohammad and El-Menyar, Ayman and Parchani, Ashok and Nabir, Syed and Ahmed, Mohamed Nadeem and Ahmed, Zahoor and Ramzee, Ahmed Faidh and Al-Thani, Abdulaziz and Al-Abdulmalek, Abdulrahman and Al-Thani, Hassan}, | |
| journal = {Brain Injury}, | |
| issn = {0269-9052}, | |
| doi = {10.1080/02699052.2021.1927181}, | |
| pmid = {34076543}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: We aimed to assess the prognostic value of Rotterdam and Marshall scoring systems to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients with TBI who underwent head computerized tomography (CT) scan at a Level I trauma center between 2011 and 2018. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cutoff values for predicting in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 1035 patients with TBI were included with a mean age of 30 years. The mean Rotterdam and Marshall scores were higher among non-survivors (p = .001). Patients with higher Rotterdam (>3) or Marshall (>2) CT scores were older, had higher injury severity scores and in-hospital mortality and had lower GCS and blood ethanol levels than those with lower scores. The cutoff point of Rotterdam score was 3.5 (sensitivity, 61.2\%; specificity, 85.6\%) and Marshall score was 2.5 (74.3\% sensitivity and 76.3\% specificity). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that Marshall and Rotterdam scoring systems were independent predictors of mortality (odds ratio 8.4; 95\% confidence interval 4.95–14.17 and odds ratio 4.4; 95\% confidence interval 2.36–9.39, respectively). Conclusion: Rotterdam and Marshall CT scores have independent prognostic values in patients with TBI even in alcoholic patients.}}, | |
| pages = {1--9}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {35} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lord_2018_SHOCK, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Endotheliopathy of Trauma is an on-Scene Phenomenon, and is Associated with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome}}, | |
| author = {Naumann, David N. and Hazeldine, Jon and Davies, David J. and Bishop, Jon and Midwinter, Mark J. and Belli, Antonio and Harrison, Paul and Lord, Janet M.}, | |
| journal = {SHOCK}, | |
| issn = {1073-2322}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/shk.0000000000000999}, | |
| pmid = {28945676}, | |
| abstract = {{ABSTRACT Background: Trauma patients are vulnerable to coagulopathy and inflammatory dysfunction associated with endotheliopathy of trauma (EoT). In vitro evidence has suggested that tranexamic acid (TXA) may ameliorate endotheliopathy. We aimed to investigate how soon after injury EoT occurs, its association with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and whether TXA ameliorates it. Methods: A prospective observational study included 91 trauma patients enrolled within 60 min of injury and 19 healthy controls. Blood was sampled on enrolment and again 4 to 12\ h later. ELISAs measured serum concentrations of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin as biomarkers of EoT. MODS was compared between groups according to biomarker dynamics: persistently abnormal; abnormal to normal; and persistently normal. Timing of EoT was estimated by plotting biomarker data against time, and then fitting generalized additive models. Biomarker dynamics were compared between those who did or did not receive prehospital TXA. Results: Median age was 38 (interquartile range \[IQR\] 24–55) years; 78 of 91 were male. Median injury severity score (ISS) was 22 (IQR 12–36). EoT was estimated to occur at 5 to 8 min after injury. There were no significant differences in ISS between those with or without prehospital EoT. Forty-two patients developed MODS; 31 of 42 with persistently abnormal; 8 of 42 with abnormal to normal; and 3 of 42 with persistently normal biomarkers; P\ <\ 0.05. There were no significant differences between TXA and non-TXA groups. Conclusions: EoT was present at the scene of injury. MODS was more likely when biomarkers of EoT were persistently raised. There were no significant differences between TXA and non-TXA groups. Prehospital interventions aimed at endothelial restoration may represent a clinically meaningful target for prehospital resuscitation.}}, | |
| pages = {420--428}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {49}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Naumann-Endotheliopathy%20of%20Trauma%20is%20an%20on-Scene%20Phenomenon,%20and%20is%20Associated%20with%20Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Syndrome-2018-SHOCK_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vincent_2023_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2023}, | |
| title = {{The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score: has the time come for an update?}}, | |
| author = {Moreno, Rui and Rhodes, Andrew and Piquilloud, Lise and Hernandez, Glenn and Takala, Jukka and Gershengorn, Hayley B. and Tavares, Miguel and Coopersmith, Craig M. and Myatra, Sheila N. and Singer, Mervyn and Rezende, Ederlon and Prescott, Hallie C. and Soares, Márcio and Timsit, Jean-François and Lange, Dylan W. de and Jung, Christian and Waele, Jan J. De and Martin, Greg S. and Summers, Charlotte and Azoulay, Elie and Fujii, Tomoko and McLean, Anthony S. and Vincent, Jean-Louis}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1364-8535}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13054-022-04290-9}, | |
| pmid = {36639780}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC9837980}, | |
| abstract = {{The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was developed more than 25 years ago to provide a simple method of assessing and monitoring organ dysfunction in critically ill patients. Changes in clinical practice over the last few decades, with new interventions and a greater focus on non-invasive monitoring systems, mean it is time to update the SOFA score. As a first step in this process, we propose some possible new variables that could be included in a SOFA 2.0. By so doing, we hope to stimulate debate and discussion to move toward a new, properly validated score that will be fit for modern practice.}}, | |
| pages = {15}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {27} | |
| } | |
| @article{PhD_2016_J_Emerg_Med, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {cap-ai}, | |
| title = {{An Electronic Emergency Triage System to Improve Patient Distribution by Critical Outcomes}}, | |
| author = {PhD, Andrea Freyer Dugas MD and MPH, Thomas D Kirsch MD and Toerper, Matthew and PhD, Fred Korley MD and PhD, Gayane Yenokyan and PhD, Daniel France MPH and PhD, David Hager MD and PhD, Scott Levin}, | |
| journal = {J Emerg Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.02.026}, | |
| abstract = {{Journal of Emergency Medicine, 50 (2016) 910-918. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.02.026}}, | |
| pages = {910 -- 918}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {50}, | |
| month = {06} | |
| } | |
| @book{New_1996, | |
| year = {1996}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters}}, | |
| author = {Webster, Joan and Osborne, Sonya and Rickard, Claire M and New, Karen}, | |
| editor = {Webster, Joan}, | |
| url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/14651858.CD007798.pub4/asset/CD007798.pdf?v=1\&t=j3czrszu\&s=f8882eeb30b31522999f537cdb3ccdba5127d23d}, | |
| urldate = {0}, | |
| volume = {86}, | |
| publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/14651858.cd007798.pub4}, | |
| month = {09} | |
| } | |
| @article{Balogh_2014_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgeryzbl, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Comparison of postinjury multiple-organ failure scoring systems: Denver versus Sequential Organ Failure Assessment}}, | |
| author = {Dewar, David C and White, Amanda and Attia, John and Tarrant, Seth M and King, Kate L and Balogh, Zsolt J}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000000406}, | |
| pmid = {25250605}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND The Denver and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores have been used widely to describe the epidemiology of postinjury multiple-organ failure; however, differences in these scores make it difficult to compare incidence, duration, and mortality of multiple-organ failure. The study aim was to compare the performance of the Denver and SOFA scores with respect to the outcomes of mortality, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), and ventilator days. METHODS A 60-month prospective epidemiologic study was undertaken at an Australian Level I trauma center. Data were collected on trauma patients that met inclusion criteria (ICU admission, Injury Severity Score \[ISS\] > 15, age > 18 years, head Abbreviated Injury Scale \[AIS\] score < 3, survival for >48 hours). Demographics, ISS, physiologic parameters, SOFA and Denver scores, and outcome data were prospectively collected. Sensitivity\/specificity and receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for both scores. Analysis was also completed for a Day 3 postinjury SOFA and Denver score. RESULTS A total of 140 patients met the inclusion criteria (mean \[SD\] age, 47 \[21\] years; ISS, 30; male, 69\%; mortality rate, 6\%; mean \[SD\] ICU LOS, 9 \[7\] days; mean \[SD\] ventilation period, 6 \[7\] days). There was no difference in the score performance predicting mortality. Day 3 SOFA score of 4 or greater outperformed the Denver score of greater than 3 when predicting ICU LOS and ventilator days (area under the curve, 0.83 vs. 0.69, 0.86 vs. 0.73, respectively). The SOFA score was more sensitive and the Denver score was more specific when predicting mortality, ICU LOS, and ventilator days. CONCLUSION Both scores had similar performance predicting mortality; however, the Day 3 SOFA score outperforms the Denver score when predicting ICU LOS and ventilator days. Either score could be superior based on whether one is seeking to optimize specificity or sensitivity. It is important to note that these findings are in a non–head-injured population and that there are practical difficulties using the SOFA in head-injured patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic study, level II.}}, | |
| pages = {624--629}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {77} | |
| } | |
| @article{SCHWAITZBERG_1990, | |
| year = {1990}, | |
| title = {{A New Characterization of Injury Severity}}, | |
| author = {CHAMPION, HOWARD R. and COPES, WAYNE S. and SACCO, WILLIAM J. and LAWNICK, MARY M. and BAIN, LARRY W. and GANN, DONALD S. and GENNARELLI, THOMAS and MACKENZIE, ELLEN and SCHWAITZBERG, STEVEN}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0022-5282}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005373-199005000-00003}, | |
| pmid = {2342136}, | |
| abstract = {{ASCOT (A Severity Characterization of Trauma) is a physiologic and anatomic characterization of injury severity which combines emergency department admission values of Glasgow Coma Scale, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, patient age, and AIS-85 anatomic injury scores in a way that obviates ISS shortcomings. ASCOT values are related to survival probability using the logistic function and regression weights reaffirm the importance of head injury and coma to the prediction of patient outcome. The ability of TRISS and ASCOT to discriminate survivors from non-survivors and the reliability of their predictions, as measured by the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic, were compared using Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS) patient data. ASCOT performance matched or exceeded TRISS's for blunt-injured patients and for penetrating-injured patients. ASCOT performance gains were modest for blunt-injured patients. The Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics suggest that ASCOT reliably predicts patient outcome for penetrating-injured patients and nearly so for blunt-injured patients. Statistically reliable predictions were not achieved by TRISS for either set. ASCOT provides a more precise description of patient physiologic status and injury number, location, and severity than TRISS. The ASCOT patient description may be useful in relating to other important outcomes not highly correlated with TRISS or the Injury Severity Score (ISS) such as disability, length of stay, and resources required for treatment.}}, | |
| pages = {539--546}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {30}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/CHAMPION-A%20New%20Characterization%20of%20Injury%20Severity-1990-The%20Journal%20of%20Trauma-%20Injury,%20Infection,%20and%20Critical%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sperry_2024_Scientific_Reports, | |
| year = {2024}, | |
| title = {{Mechanism matters: mortality and endothelial cell damage marker differences between blunt and penetrating traumatic injuries across three prehospital clinical trials}}, | |
| author = {Donohue, Jack K. and Gruen, Danielle S. and Iyanna, Nidhi and Lorence, John M. and Brown, Joshua B. and Guyette, Francis X. and Daley, Brian J. and Eastridge, Brian J. and Miller, Richard S. and Nirula, Raminder and Harbrecht, Brian G. and Claridge, Jeffrey A. and Phelan, Herb A. and Vercruysse, Gary A. and O’Keeffe, Terence and Joseph, Bellal and Neal, Matthew D. and Billiar, Timothy R. and Sperry, Jason L.}, | |
| journal = {Scientific Reports}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-53398-1}, | |
| pmid = {38302619}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC10834504}, | |
| abstract = {{Injury mechanism is an important consideration when conducting clinical trials in trauma. Mechanisms of injury may be associated with differences in mortality risk and immune response to injury, impacting the potential success of the trial. We sought to characterize clinical and endothelial cell damage marker differences across blunt and penetrating injured patients enrolled in three large, prehospital randomized trials which focused on hemorrhagic shock. In this secondary analysis, patients with systolic blood pressure < 70 or systolic blood pressure < 90 and heart rate > 108 were included. In addition, patients with both blunt and penetrating injuries were excluded. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Mortality was characterized using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional-hazards models. Generalized linear models were used to compare biomarkers. Chi squared tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum were used to compare secondary outcomes. We characterized data of 696 enrolled patients that met all secondary analysis inclusion criteria. Blunt injured patients had significantly greater 24-h (18.6\% vs. 10.7\%, log rank p = 0.048) and 30-day mortality rates (29.7\% vs. 14.0\%, log rank p = 0.001) relative to penetrating injured patients with a different time course. After adjusting for confounders, blunt mechanism of injury was independently predictive of mortality at 30-days (HR 1.84, 95\% CI 1.06–3.20, p = 0.029), but not 24-h (HR 1.65, 95\% CI 0.86–3.18, p = 0.133). Elevated admission levels of endothelial cell damage markers, VEGF, syndecan-1, TM, S100A10, suPAR and HcDNA were associated with blunt mechanism of injury. Although there was no difference in multiple organ failure (MOF) rates across injury mechanism (48.4\% vs. 42.98\%, p = 0.275), blunt injured patients had higher Denver MOF score (p < 0.01). The significant increase in 30-day mortality and endothelial cell damage markers in blunt injury relative to penetrating injured patients highlights the importance of considering mechanism of injury within the inclusion and exclusion criteria of future clinical trials.}}, | |
| pages = {2747}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {14}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Donohue-Mechanism%20matters-%20mortality%20and%20endothelial%20cell%20damage%20marker%20differences%20between%20blunt%20and%20penetrating%20traumatic%20injuries%20across%20three%20prehospital%20clinical%20trials-2024-Scientific%20Reports_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hofmeyr_1996_Cochrane_Database_Syst_Rev, | |
| year = {1996}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Early compared with delayed oral fluids and food after caesarean section}}, | |
| author = {Mangesi, Lindeka and Hofmeyr, G Justus}, | |
| journal = {Cochrane Database Syst Rev}, | |
| doi = {10.1002/14651858.cd003516}, | |
| url = {http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1002/14651858.CD003516?cochrane=full\&tracking\_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com\&purchase\_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com\&customer\_ids=CORE00000004150\&publisher=wiley\&access\_api=1\&parent\_url=http:\%2F\%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\%2Fdoi\%2F10.1002\%2F14651858.CD003516\%2Fepdf\&preview=1\&ssl=1}, | |
| editor = {Mangesi, Lindeka}, | |
| pages = {463 -- 26}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {40}, | |
| month = {09} | |
| } | |
| @article{Torlinski_2019_Journal_of_the_Intensive_Care_Society, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Adherence to least injurious tidal volume ventilation in thoracic trauma: A tertiary trauma centre retrospective cohort analysis}}, | |
| author = {Zochios, Vasileios and Chandan, Joht Singh and Dunne, Éimhín and Sherwin, James and Torlinski, Tomasz}, | |
| journal = {Journal of the Intensive Care Society}, | |
| issn = {1751-1437}, | |
| doi = {10.1177/1751143719834157}, | |
| pmid = {31037117}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6475979}, | |
| pages = {NP10--NP13}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {20} | |
| } | |
| @article{Fumagalli_1995_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine, | |
| year = {1995}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients}}, | |
| author = {Gattinoni, Luciano and Brazzi, Luca and Pelosi, Paolo and Latini, Roberto and Tognoni, Gianni and Pesenti, Antonio and Fumagalli, Roberto}, | |
| journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, | |
| pages = {1025 -- 1032}, | |
| number = {16}, | |
| volume = {333} | |
| } | |
| @article{W_2021_QJM___monthly_journal_of_the_Association_of_Physicians, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Hyperkalemia,Phenotype}, | |
| title = {{Distinct Phenotypes of Hospitalized Patients with Hyperkalemia by Machine Learning Consensus Clustering and Associated Mortality Risks.}}, | |
| author = {C, Thongprayoon and AG, Kattah and MA, Mao and MT, Keddis and P, Pattharanitima and S, Vallabhajosyula and V, Nissaisorakarn and SB, Erickson and JJ, Dillon and VD, Garovic and W, Cheungpasitporn}, | |
| journal = {QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians}, | |
| issn = {1460-2393}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34270780/}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Hospitalized patients with hyperkalemia are heterogeneous, and cluster approaches may identify specific homogenous groups. This study aimed to cluster patients with hyperkalemia on admission using unsupervised machine learning consensus clustering approach, and to compare characteristics and outcomes among these distinct clusters. METHODS: Consensus cluster analysis was performed in 5,133 hospitalized adult patients with admission hyperkalemia, based on available clinical and laboratory data. The standardized mean difference was used to identify each cluster's key clinical features. The association of hyperkalemia clusters with hospital and one-year mortality was assessed using logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: Three distinct clusters of hyperkalemia patients were identified using consensus cluster analysis: 1,661 (32\%) in cluster 1, 2,455 (48\%) in cluster 2, and 1,017 (20\%) in cluster 3. Cluster 1 was mainly characterized by older age, higher serum chloride, and acute kidney injury (AKI), but lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum bicarbonate and hemoglobin. Cluster 2 was mainly characterized by higher eGFR, serum bicarbonate, and hemoglobin, but lower comorbidity burden, serum potassium, and AKI. Cluster 3 was mainly characterized by higher comorbidity burden, particularly diabetes, and end-stage kidney disease, AKI, serum potassium, anion gap, but lower eGFR, serum sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Hospital and one-year mortality risk was significantly different among the three identified clusters, with highest mortality in cluster 3, followed by cluster 1, and then cluster 2. CONCLUSION: In a heterogeneous cohort of hyperkalemia patients, three distinct clusters were identified using unsupervised machine learning. These three clusters had different clinical characteristics and outcomes.}}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: medicine,consensus clustering,unsupervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Glick_1998_Pediatric_Clinics_of_North_America, | |
| year = {1998}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Fluid therapy for the pediatric surgical patient}}, | |
| author = {Rice, Henry E and Caty, Michael G and Glick, Philip L}, | |
| journal = {Pediatric Clinics of North America}, | |
| pages = {719 -- 727}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {45} | |
| } | |
| @article{J_2020_The_American_journal_of_emergency_medicine, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| keywords = {Adult,Cost Savings,Cross-Sectional Studies,Direct Service Costs,Emergency Service,Hospital/*classification/*economics/statistics & numerical data,Facilities and Services Utilization/economics,Female,Hospital Costs,Humans,Latent Class Analysis,Male,Middle Aged,Midwestern United States/epidemiology,Retrospective Studies,Socioeconomic Factors,Hospital,Emergencies}, | |
| title = {{Distinct subgroups of emergency department frequent users: A latent class analysis.}}, | |
| author = {LE, Birmingham and VK, Cheruvu and JA, Frey and KA, Stiffler and J, VanGeest}, | |
| journal = {The American journal of emergency medicine}, | |
| issn = {1532-8171}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31023586/}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) frequent users have high resource utilization and associated costs. Many interventions have been designed to reduce utilization, but few have proved effective. This may be because this group is more heterogeneous than initially assumed, limiting the effectiveness of targeted interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe distinct subgroups of ED frequent users and to estimate costs to provide hospital-based care to each group. METHODS: Latent class analysis was used to identify homogeneous subgroups of ED frequent users. ED frequent users (n = 5731) from a single urban tertiary hospital-based ED and level 1 trauma center in 2014 were included. Descriptive statistics (counts and percentages) are described to characterize subgroups. A cost analysis was performed to examine differences in direct medical costs between subgroups from the healthcare provider perspective. RESULTS: Four subgroups were identified and characterized: Short-term ED Frequent Users, Heart-related ED Frequent Users, Long-term ED Frequent Users, and Minor Care ED Frequent Users. The Heart-related group had the largest per person costs and the Long-term group had the largest total group costs. CONCLUSION: Distinct subgroups of ED frequent users were identified and described using a statistically objective method. This taxonomy of ED frequent users allows healthcare organizations to tailor interventions to specific subgroups of ED frequent users who can be targeted with tailored interventions. Cost data suggest intervention for long-term ED frequent users offers the greatest cost-avoidance benefit from a hospital perspective.}}, | |
| pages = {83--88}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {38}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: ed,freq attend,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong study design} | |
| } | |
| @article{Billiar_2019_Journal_of_Internal_Medicine, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{A conceptual time window‐based model for the early stratification of trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Lamparello, A. J. and Namas, R. A. and Constantine, G. and McKinley, T. O. and Elster, E. and Vodovotz, Y. and Billiar, T. R.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Internal Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0954-6820}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/joim.12874}, | |
| pmid = {30623510}, | |
| abstract = {{Progress in the testing of therapies targeting the immune response following trauma, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, has been slow. We propose that the design of interventional trials in trauma would benefit from a scheme or platform that could support the identification and implementation of prognostic strategies for patient stratification. Here, we propose a stratification scheme based on defined time periods or windows following the traumatic event. This ‘time‐window’ model allows for the incorporation of prognostic variables ranging from circulating biomarkers and clinical data to patient‐specific information such as gene variants to predict adverse short‐ or long‐term outcomes. A number of circulating biomarkers, including cell injury markers and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and inflammatory mediators have been shown to correlate with adverse outcomes after trauma. Likewise, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associate with complications or death in trauma patients. This review summarizes the status of our understanding of the prognostic value of these classes of variables in predicting outcomes in trauma patients. Strategies for the incorporation of these prognostic variables into schemes designed to stratify trauma patients, such as our time‐window model, are also discussed.}}, | |
| pages = {2--15}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {286}, | |
| keywords = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Brignone_2017_The_R_Journal, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| title = {{Furniture for quantitative scientists}}, | |
| author = {Barrett, Tyson S and Brignone, Emily}, | |
| journal = {The R Journal}, | |
| issn = {2073-4859}, | |
| pages = {142--148}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| keywords = {}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hamman_1998_The_Journal_of_Trauma__Injury, | |
| year = {1998}, | |
| title = {{Multiple Organ Failure Can Be Predicted as Early as 12 Hours after Injury}}, | |
| author = {Sauaia, Angela and Moore, Frederick A. and Moore, Ernest E. and Norris, Jill M. and Lezotte, Dennis C. and Hamman, Richard F.}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {1079-6061}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005373-199808000-00014}, | |
| pmid = {9715186}, | |
| abstract = {{Background The failure of therapies aimed at modulating systemic inflammatory response syndrome and decreasing multiple organ failure (MOF) has been attributed in part to the inability to identify early the population at risk. Our objective, therefore, was to develop predictive models for MOF at admission and at 12, 24, and 48 hours after injury. Methods Logistic regression models were derived in a data set with 411 adult trauma patients using indicators of tissue injury, shock, host factors, and the Acute Physiology Score-Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III (APS-APACHE III). Results MOF was diagnosed in 78 patients (19\%). Injury Severity Score, platelet count, and age emerged as predictors in all models. Transfused blood, inotropes, and lactate were significant predictors at 12, 24, and 48 hours, but not at admission. The APS-APACHE III emerged only in the 0- to 48-hour model and offered minimal improvement in predictive power. Good predictive power was achieved at 12 hours after injury. Conclusion Postinjury MOF can be predicted as early as 12 hours after injury. The APS-APACHE III added little to the predictive power of tissue injury, shock, and host factors.}}, | |
| pages = {291--303.}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {45}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Sauaia-Multiple%20Organ%20Failure%20Can%20Be%20Predicted%20as%20Early%20as%2012%20Hours%20after%20Injury-1998-The%20Journal%20of%20Trauma-%20Injury,%20Infection,%20and%20Critical%20Care_2.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Rath_2019_IEEE_Transactions_on_Medical_Imaging, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Algorithms,Brain/diagnostic imaging,Brain Concussion/*diagnostic imaging,Databases,Factual,*Deep Learning,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods,Humans,Image Interpretation,Computer-Assisted/*methods,Middle Aged,ROC Curve,Young Adult}, | |
| title = {{MTBI Identification From Diffusion MR Images Using Bag of Adversarial Visual Features}}, | |
| author = {Minaee, Shervin and Wang, Yao and Aygar, Alp and Chung, Sohae and Wang, Xiuyuan and Lui, Yvonne W. and Fieremans, Els and Flanagan, Steven and Rath, Joseph}, | |
| journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging}, | |
| issn = {0278-0062}, | |
| doi = {10.1109/tmi.2019.2905917}, | |
| pmid = {30892204}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30892204/}, | |
| abstract = {{In this paper, we propose bag of adversarial features (BAFs) for identifying mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) patients from their diffusion magnetic resonance images (MRIs) (obtained within one month of injury) by incorporating unsupervised feature learning techniques. MTBI is a growing public health problem with an estimated incidence of over 1.7 million people annually in USA. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and symptoms, and accurate, concrete measures of injury are lacking. Unlike most of the previous works, which use hand-crafted features extracted from different parts of brain for MTBI classification, we employ feature learning algorithms to learn more discriminative representation for this task. A major challenge in this field thus far is the relatively small number of subjects available for training. This makes it difficult to use an end-to-end convolutional neural network to directly classify a subject from MRIs. To overcome this challenge, we first apply an adversarial auto-encoder (with convolutional structure) to learn patch-level features, from overlapping image patches extracted from different brain regions. We then aggregate these features through a bag-of-words approach. We perform an extensive experimental study on a dataset of 227 subjects (including 109 MTBI patients, and 118 age and sex-matched healthy controls) and compare the bag-of-deep-features with several previous approaches. Our experimental results show that the BAF significantly outperforms earlier works relying on the mean values of MR metrics in selected brain regions.}}, | |
| pages = {2545--2555}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {38}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: tbi,radiology,bag of words,feature recognition | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population | |
| Duplicate publication} | |
| } | |
| @book{CASP_2013_Critical_Appraisal_Skills_Programme__CASP_, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{CASP Systematic Review Checklist}}, | |
| author = {CASP}, | |
| editor = {CASP, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme}, | |
| urldate = {0}, | |
| series = {Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)} | |
| } | |
| @article{Chung_2018_Scientific_Reports, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{The delta neutrophil index predicts development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and 30-day mortality in trauma patients admitted to an intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis}}, | |
| author = {Kong, Taeyoung and Park, Yoo Seok and Lee, Hye Sun and Kim, Sinae and Lee, Jong Wook and You, Je Sung and Chung, Hyun Soo and Park, Incheol and Chung, Sung Phil}, | |
| journal = {Scientific Reports}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-35796-4}, | |
| pmid = {30504778}, | |
| abstract = {{No studies have examined the role of delta neutrophil index (DNI) reflecting on immature granulocytes in determining the severity of multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) and short-term mortality. This study investigated the utility of the automatically calculated DNI as a prognostic marker of severity in trauma patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). We retrospectively analysed prospective data of eligible patients. We investigated 366 patients. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher DNI values at 12 h (odds ratio [OR], 1.079; 95\% confidence interval [CI]: 1.037–1.123; p < 0.001) and 24 h were strong independent predictors of MODS development. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that increased DNI at 12 h (hazard ratio [HR], 1.051; 95\% CI, 1.024–1.079; p < 0.001) was a strong independent predictor of short-term mortality. The increased predictability of MODS after trauma was closely associated with a DNI > 3.25\% at 12 h (OR, 12.7; 95\% CI: 6.12–26.35; p < 0.001). A cut-off of >5.3\% at 12 h was significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality (HR, 18.111; 95\% CI, 6.988–46.935; p < 0.001). The DNI is suitable for rapid and simple estimation of the severity of traumatic injury using an automated haematologic analyser without additional cost or time.}}, | |
| pages = {17515}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {8}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Kong-The%20delta%20neutrophil%20index%20predicts%20development%20of%20multiple%20organ%20dysfunction%20syndrome%20and%2030-day%20mortality%20in%20trauma%20patients%20admitted%20to%20an%20intensive%20care%20unit-%20a%20retrospective%20analysis-2018-Scientific%20Reports.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Song_2024_Journal_of_Clinical_Neuroscience, | |
| year = {2024}, | |
| title = {{Machine learning models for predicting in-hospital outcomes after non-surgical treatment among patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury}}, | |
| author = {Yin, An-an and He, Ya-long and Zhang, Xi and Fei, Zhou and Lin, Wei and Song, Bao-qiang}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Clinical Neuroscience}, | |
| issn = {0967-5868}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jocn.2023.11.015}, | |
| pmid = {38181552}, | |
| abstract = {{Aim This study aims to develop prediction models for in-hospital outcomes after non-surgical treatment among patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method We conducted a retrospective review of patients hospitalized for moderate-to-severe TBI in our department from 2011 to 2020. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms and the conventional logistic regression (LR) model were employed to predict in-hospital mortality and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) functional outcomes. These models utilized clinical and routine blood data collected upon admission. Results This study included a total of 196 patients who received only non-surgical treatment after moderate-to-severe TBI. When predicting mortality, ML models achieved area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.921 to 0.994 using clinical and routine blood data, and 0.877 to 0.982 using only clinical data. In comparison, LR models yielded AUCs of 0.762 and 0.730 respectively. When predicting the GOS outcome, ML models achieved AUCs of 0.870 to 0.915 using clinical and routine blood data, and 0.858 to 0.927 using only clinical data. In comparison, the LR model yielded AUCs of 0.798 and 0.787 respectively. Repeated internal validation showed that the contributions of routine blood data for prediction models may depend on different prediction algorithms and different outcome measurements. Conclusion The study reported ML-based prediction models that provided rapid and accurate predictions on short-term outcomes after non-surgical treatment among patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. The study also highlighted the superiority of ML models over conventional LR models and proposed the complex contributions of routine blood data in such predictions.}}, | |
| pages = {36--41}, | |
| volume = {120} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bauer_2015_Critical_Care_Medicinepi, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Autonomic Nervous System Activity as Risk Predictor in the Medical Emergency Department}}, | |
| author = {Eick, Christian and Rizas, Konstantinos D. and Meyer-Zürn, Christine S. and Groga-Bada, Patrick and Hamm, Wolfgang and Kreth, Florian and Overkamp, Dietrich and Weyrich, Peter and Gawaz, Meinrad and Bauer, Axel}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0090-3493}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ccm.0000000000000922}, | |
| pmid = {25738854}, | |
| abstract = {{Objectives: To evaluate heart rate deceleration capacity, an electrocardiogram-based marker of autonomic nervous system activity, as risk predictor in a medical emergency department and to test its incremental predictive value to the modified early warning score. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Medical emergency department of a large university hospital. Patients: Five thousand seven hundred thirty consecutive patients of either sex in sinus rhythm, who were admitted to the medical emergency department of the University of Tübingen, Germany, between November 2010 and March 2012. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Deceleration capacity of heart rate was calculated within the first minutes after emergency department admission. The modified early warning score was assessed from respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, and level of consciousness as previously described. Primary endpoint was intrahospital mortality; secondary endpoints included transfer to the ICU as well as 30-day and 180-day mortality. One hundred forty-two patients (2.5\%) reached the primary endpoint. Deceleration capacity was highly significantly lower in nonsurvivors than survivors (2.9 ± 2.1 ms vs 5.6 ± 2.9 ms; p < 0.001) and yielded an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.780 (95\% CI, 0.745–0.813). The modified early warning score model yielded an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.706 (0.667–0.750). Implementing deceleration capacity into the modified early warning score model led to a highly significant increase of the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve to 0.804 (0.770–0.835; p < 0.001 for difference). Deceleration capacity was also a highly significant predictor of 30-day and 180-day mortality as well as transfer to the ICU. Conclusions: Deceleration capacity is a strong and independent predictor of short-term mortality among patients admitted to a medical emergency department.}}, | |
| pages = {1079--1086}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {43} | |
| } | |
| @article{Smith_2014_Resuscitation, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Decision-tree early warning score (DTEWS) validates the design of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS)}}, | |
| author = {Badriyah, T. and Briggs, J. S. and Meredith, P. and Jarvis, S. W. and Schmidt, P. E. and Featherstone, P. I. and Prytherch, D. R. and Smith, G. B.}, | |
| journal = {Resuscitation}, | |
| issn = {1873-1570 (Electronic) 0300-9572 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.12.011}, | |
| pmid = {24361673}, | |
| url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24361673}, | |
| abstract = {{Aim of study: To compare the performance of a human-generated, trial and error-optimised early warning score (EWS), i.e., National Early Warning Score (NEWS), with one generated entirely algorithmically using Decision Tree (DT) analysis.Materials and methodsWe used DT analysis to construct a decision-tree EWS (DTEWS) from a database of 198,755 vital signs observation sets collected from 35,585 consecutive, completed acute medical admissions. We evaluated the ability of DTEWS to discriminate patients at risk of cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission or death, each within 24h of a given vital signs observation. We compared the performance of DTEWS and NEWS using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.ResultsThe structures of DTEWS and NEWS were very similar. The AUROC (95\% CI) for DTEWS for cardiac arrest, unanticipated ICU admission, death, and any of the outcomes, all within 24h, were 0.708 (0.669–0.747), 0.862 (0.852–0.872), 0.899 (0.892–0.907), and 0.877 (0.870–0.883), respectively. Values for NEWS were 0.722 (0.685–0.759) [cardiac arrest], 0.857 (0.847–0.868) [unanticipated ICU admission\}, 0.894 (0.887–0.902) [death], and 0.873 (0.866–0.879) [any outcome].ConclusionsThe decision-tree technique independently validates the composition and weightings of NEWS. The DT approach quickly provided an almost identical EWS to NEWS, although one that admittedly would benefit from fine-tuning using clinical knowledge. We believe that DT analysis could be used to quickly develop candidate models for disease-specific EWSs, which may be required in future.}}, | |
| pages = {418--23}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {85} | |
| } | |
| @article{gscs, | |
| title = {{regression-analysis-an-intuitive-guide-1nbsped\_compress.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Article%20file.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vodovotz_2006_Shock, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| keywords = {animal,Computer Simulation,not-clustering}, | |
| title = {{THE ROLE OF INITIAL TRAUMA IN THE HOST'S RESPONSE TO INJURY AND HEMORRHAGE}}, | |
| author = {Lagoa, Claudio E. and Bartels, John and Baratt, Arie and Tseng, George and Clermont, Gilles and Fink, Mitchell P. and Billiar, Timothy R. and Vodovotz, Yoram}, | |
| journal = {Shock}, | |
| issn = {1073-2322}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/01.shk.0000232272.03602.0a}, | |
| pmid = {17117135}, | |
| abstract = {{ABSTRACT Trauma and hemorrhagic shock (HS) elicit severe physiological disturbances that predispose the victims to subsequent organ dysfunction and death. The general lack of effective therapeutic options for these patients is mainly due to the complex interplay of interacting inflammatory and physiological elements working at multiple levels. Systems biology has emerged as a new paradigm that allows the study of large portions of physiological networks simultaneously. Seeking a better understanding of the interplay among known inflammatory pathways, we constructed a mathematical model encompassing the dynamics of the acute inflammatory response that incorporates the intertwined effects of inflammation and global tissue damage. The model was calibrated using data from C57Bl/6 mice subjected to endotoxemia, sham operation (i.e., surgical trauma induced by cannulation \[ST\]) or ST + HS+ resuscitation (ST-HS-R). An in silico simulation, made at whole-organism level, suggested that similar pathways of different magnitudes were operant as the degree of total body damage increased. We sought to validate this hypothesis by subjecting mice to HS and comparing the models predictions to circulating markers of inflammation and tissue injury as well as the global transcriptomic response of the liver. C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to ST or ST-HS (without resuscitation). Liver gene expression was assessed using an Affymetrix DNA microarray (GeneChip Mouse Expression Set 430A, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), which contains 22,621 probe sets and effectively interrogates 12,341 mouse genes. The microarray data sets were subjected to hierarchical clustering and pathway analysis. In agreement with model predictions, circulating levels of inflammation/tissue injury markers and the microarray analysis both demonstrated that ST alone accounts for a substantial proportion of the observed phenotypic and genetic/molecular changes versus untreated animals. The addition of HS further increased the magnitude of gene expression, but relatively few additional genes were recruited. Mathematical simulations and DNA microarrays, both systems biology tools, may provide valuable insight into the complex global physiological interactions that occur in response to trauma and hemorrhagic shock.ABBREVIATIONS-ST-surgical trauma, HS-hemorrhagic shock, ST-HS-surgical trauma + hemorrhagic shock, R-resuscitation, MAP-mean arterial blood pressure, IL-interleukin, TNF-\&agr;-tumor necrosis factor alpha, AST-aspartate aminotransferase, iNOS-inducible nitric oxide synthase, eNOS-endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NO-nitric oxide, NO2−-nitrate, NO3−-nitrite, LPS-bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), IP-ingenuity pathway, IPKB-ingenuity pathway knowledge base}}, | |
| pages = {592--600}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {26}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Lagoa-THE%20ROLE%20OF%20INITIAL%20TRAUMA%20IN%20THE%20HOST'S%20RESPONSE%20TO%20INJURY%20AND%20HEMORRHAGE-2006-Shock_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Nast_Kolb_2001, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| title = {{Multiple Organ Failure Still a Major Cause of Morbidity but Not Mortality in Blunt Multiple Trauma}}, | |
| author = {Nast-Kolb, Dieter and Aufmkolk, Michael and Rucholtz, Steffen and Obertacke, Udo and Waydhas, Christian}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0022-5282}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00005373-200111000-00003}, | |
| pmid = {11706328}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Multiple organ failure (OF/MOF) was found to be the major complication after blunt multiple trauma during the last 25 years and was correlated with a high mortality rate. Recently, several publications reported a decreased ARDS-related mortality, but there is little information about mortality rates from posttraumatic MOF. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of MOF-related death after blunt multiple trauma during the last 25 years. Methods Blunt multiple trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 points were included in this evaluation. According to the year of trauma, the population was divided into five groups: years 1975–1980 (n = 317), years 1981–1985 (n = 308), years 1986–1990 (n = 246), years 1991–1997 (n = 368), and years 1998–1999 (n = 122). Main outcome measurements were death, cause of death, and length of ICU stay. Patients dying within the first 24 hours after trauma were excluded. All data indicated in the Results section are presented as mean ± SEM. Continuous variables were compared by ANOVA . Ordinal variables were analyzed by χ2 contingency table analysis and, if significant, subsequently by Fisher’s exact test (two-tailed test, p < 0.05). Results Mean ISS remained unchanged between 1975–1980 (ISS 29 ± 1) and 1998–1999 (ISS 31 ± 1) (p = 0.56). During the observation period, the mean age increased from 33 ± 1 years (1975–1980) to 40 ± 2 years (1998–1999) (p = 0.03). The overall incidence of OF/MOF slightly increased from 25.6\% (1975–1980) to 33.6\% (1998–1999) (p = 0.1). Length of ICU stay was not different between 1975–1980 (LOS: 14 ± 1 d) and 1998–1999 (LOS: 19 ± 2 d) (p = 1.0). The overall mortality decreased significantly, from 28.7\% (1975–1980) to 13.9\% (1998–1999) (p < 0.001). While the mortality due to severe head injuries remained unchanged (1975–1980, 8.2\%; 1998–1999, 9.0\%) (p = 0.85), mortality due to OF/MOF decreased significantly (p < 0.001), from 18.0\% (1975–1980) to 4.1\% (1998–1999). The age of patients dying from OF/MOF increased significantly (p = 0.04) during the observation period, from 44 ± 3 years (1975–1980) to 63 ± 6 years (1998–1999). Conclusion Although MOF incidence remains unchanged, there is a significant fall in MOF-related mortality in patients with severe trauma, and death from single organ failure is virtually absent. Severe brain injury is now the leading cause of death in patients with severe multiple injuries admitted to the ICU.}}, | |
| pages = {835--842}, | |
| number = {5}, | |
| volume = {51}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Nast-Kolb-Multiple%20organ%20failure%20still%20a%20major%20cause%20of%20morbidity%20but%20not%20mortality%20in%20blunt%20multiple%20trauma--2001-Journal%20of%20Trauma-injury%20Infection%20and%20Critical%20Care_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Balvers_2015, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Risk Factors for Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy- and Transfusion-Associated Multiple Organ Failure in Severely Injured Trauma Patients}}, | |
| author = {Balvers, Kirsten and Wirtz, Mathijs R. and Dieren, Susan van and Goslings, J. Carel and Juffermans, Nicole P.}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Medicine}, | |
| issn = {2296-858X}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/fmed.2015.00024}, | |
| pmid = {25964951}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4408845}, | |
| abstract = {{Both trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) and transfusion strategies influence early outcome in hemorrhagic trauma patients. Their impact on late outcome is less well characterized. This study systematically reviews risk factors for TIC- and transfusion-associated multiple organ failure (MOF) in severely injured trauma patients. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase. Studies published from 1986 to 2013 on adult trauma patients with an injury severity score ≥16, investigating TIC or transfusion strategies with MOF as primary or secondary outcome, were eligible for inclusion. Results of the included studies were evaluated with meta-analyses of pooled data. In total, 50 studies were included with a total sample size of 63,586 patients. Due to heterogeneity of the study populations and outcome measures, results from 7 studies allowed for pooling of data. Risk factors for TIC-associated MOF were hypocoagulopathy, hemorrhagic shock, activated protein C, increased histone levels, and increased levels of markers of fibrinolysis on admission. After at least 24 h after admission, the occurrence of thromboembolic events was associated with MOF. Risk factors for transfusion-associated MOF were the administration of fluids and red blood cell units within 24 h post-injury, the age of red blood cells (>14 days) and a ratio of FFP:RBC ≥ 1:1 (OR 1.11, 95\% CI 1.04–1.19). Risk factors for TIC-associated MOF in severely injured trauma patients are early hypocoagulopathy and hemorrhagic shock, while a hypercoagulable state with the occurrence of thromboembolic events later in the course of trauma predisposes to MOF. Risk factors for transfusion-associated MOF include administration of crystalloids and red blood cells and a prolonged storage time of red blood cells. Future prospective studies investigating TIC- and transfusion-associated risk factors on late outcome are required.}}, | |
| pages = {24}, | |
| volume = {2}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Balvers-Risk%20Factors%20for%20Trauma-Induced%20Coagulopathy-%20and%20Transfusion-Associated%20Multiple%20Organ%20Failure%20in%20Severely%20Injured%20Trauma%20Patients-2015-Frontiers%20in%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hill_2012_Industry_and_Higher_Education, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{Analysis of Critical Thinking Skills in an International, Cross-Institutional Group of Engineering Master's Students}}, | |
| author = {Bramhall, Michael D. and Gray, Linda and Corker, Chris and Garnett, Kenisha and Hill, Richard}, | |
| journal = {Industry and Higher Education}, | |
| issn = {0950-4222}, | |
| doi = {10.5367/ihe.2012.0109}, | |
| abstract = {{UK educators often express concerns that students from some cultural backgrounds frequently seem unwilling or are unable to apply critical thinking skills within their academic programmes. This may be due not to a lack of ability or confidence but rather to the way they have been previously taught and assessed. Often, the design of UK courses implicitly requires critical thinking skills, but the design of the use of these skills in courses may not have taken into account the conceptualization of critical thinking across a diverse global group of students. This paper reports on the results of a study of Master's engineering students from two universities in the UK to assess their conceptualization of critical thinking. The findings provide evidence that international engineering students' understanding of critical thinking is not well developed, although they may, without being aware of it, have a critical thinking mindset, and often display these skills.}}, | |
| pages = {323--327}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {26} | |
| } | |
| @article{Zhang_2016_Annals_of_Translational_Medicine, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{Variable selection with stepwise and best subset approaches}}, | |
| author = {Zhang, Zhongheng}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Translational Medicine}, | |
| issn = {2305-5839}, | |
| doi = {10.21037/atm.2016.03.35}, | |
| pmid = {27162786}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4842399}, | |
| abstract = {{While purposeful selection is performed partly by software and partly by hand, the stepwise and best subset approaches are automatically performed by software. Two R functions stepAIC() and bestglm() are well designed for stepwise and best subset regression, respectively. The stepAIC() function begins with a full or null model, and methods for stepwise regression can be specified in the direction argument with character values "forward", "backward" and "both". The bestglm() function begins with a data frame containing explanatory variables and response variables. The response variable should be in the last column. Varieties of goodness-of-fit criteria can be specified in the IC argument. The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) usually results in more parsimonious model than the Akaike information criterion.}}, | |
| pages = {136--136}, | |
| number = {7}, | |
| volume = {4} | |
| } | |
| @article{Knoll_2013_PLoS_One, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury: is simple oral hydration similar to intravenous? A systematic review of the evidence}}, | |
| author = {Hiremath, S and Akbari, A and Shabana, W and Fergusson, D A and Knoll, G A}, | |
| journal = {PLoS One}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0060009}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Pre-procedural intravenous fluid administration is an effective prophylaxis measure for contrast-induced acute kidney injury. For logistical ease, the oral route is an alternative to the intravenous. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the oral to the intravenous route in prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials with a stratified analysis and metaregression. Databases included MEDLINE (1950 to November 23 2011), EMBASE (1947 to week 47 2011), Cochrane CENTRAL (3(rd) quarter 2011). Two reviewers identified relevant trials and abstracted data. SETTINGS AND POPULATION: Trials including patients undergoing a contrast enhanced procedure. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trial; adult (>18 years) population; comparison of oral versus intravenous volume expansion. INTERVENTION: Oral route of volume expansion compared to the intravenous route. OUTCOMES: Any measure of acute kidney injury, need for renal replacement therapy, hospitalization and death. RESULTS: Six trials including 513 patients met inclusion criteria. The summary odds ratio was 1.19 (95\% CI 0.46, 3.10, p = 0.73) suggesting no difference between the two routes of volume expansion. There was significant heterogeneity (Cochran's Q = 11.65, p = 0.04; I(2) = 57). In the stratified analysis, inclusion of the five studies with a prespecified oral volume expansion protocol resulted in a shift towards oral volume expansion (OR 0.75, 95\% CI 0.37, 1.50, p = 0.42) and also resolved the heterogeneity (Q = 3.19, P = 0.53; I(2) = 0). LIMITATIONS: Small number of studies identified; lack of hard clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: The oral route may be as effective as the intravenous route for volume expansion for contrast-induced acute kidney injury prevention. Adequately powered trials with hard endpoints should be done given the potential advantages of oral (e.g. reduced patient burden and cost) over intravenous volume expansion.}}, | |
| pages = {e60009}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {8}, | |
| note = {Hiremath, Swapnil | |
| Akbari, Ayub | |
| Shabana, Wael | |
| Fergusson, Dean A | |
| Knoll, Greg A | |
| eng | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| Review | |
| 2013/04/05 06:00 | |
| PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e60009. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060009. Epub 2013 Mar 26.} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bj_rnstig_2017_Injury_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Vehicle-related injuries in and around a medium sized Swedish City – bicyclist injuries caused the heaviest burden on the medical sector}}, | |
| author = {Björnstig, Johanna and Bylund, Per-Olof and Björnstig, Ulf}, | |
| journal = {Injury Epidemiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s40621-016-0101-8}, | |
| abstract = {{Injury Epidemiology, 2017, doi:10.1186/s40621-016-0101-8}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 10}, | |
| month = {01} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bhandari_2012_The_Lancet, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| title = {{Advances and future directions for management of trauma patients with musculoskeletal injuries}}, | |
| author = {Balogh, Zsolt J and Reumann, Marie K and Gruen, Russell L and Mayer-Kuckuk, Philipp and Schuetz, Michael A and Harris, Ian A and Gabbe, Belinda J and Bhandari, Mohit}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet}, | |
| issn = {0140-6736}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60991-x}, | |
| pmid = {22998720}, | |
| abstract = {{Musculoskeletal injuries are the most common reason for operative procedures in severely injured patients and are major determinants of functional outcomes. In this paper, we summarise advances and future directions for management of multiply injured patients with major musculoskeletal trauma. Improved understanding of fracture healing has created new possibilities for management of particularly challenging problems, such as delayed union and non union of fractures and large bone defects. Optimum timing of major orthopaedic interventions is guided by increased knowledge about the immune response after injury. Individual treatment should be guided by trading off the benefits of early definitive skeletal stabilisation, and the potentially life-threatening risks of systemic complications such as fat embolism, acute lung injury, and multiple organ failure. New methods for measurement of fracture healing and function and quality of life outcomes pave the way for landmark trials that will guide the future management of musculoskeletal injuries.}}, | |
| pages = {1109--1119}, | |
| number = {9847}, | |
| volume = {380} | |
| } | |
| @article{Greenough_1991_The_Journal_of_Pediatrics, | |
| year = {1991}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Oral rehydration therapy: A global perspective}}, | |
| author = {Santosham, Mathuram and Greenough, William B}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Pediatrics}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81425-8}, | |
| pages = {S44 -- S51}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {118} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wetterslev_2012_dx_doi_org, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's Acetate in Severe Sepsis}}, | |
| author = {Perner, Anders and Haase, Nicolai and Guttormsen, Anne B and Tenhunen, Jyrki and Klemenzson, Gudmundur and Åneman, Anders and Madsen, Kristian R and Møller, Morten H and Elkjær, Jeanie M and Poulsen, Lone M and Bendtsen, Asger and Winding, Robert and Steensen, Morten and Berezowicz, Pawel and Søe-Jensen, Peter and Bestle, Morten and Strand, Kristian and Wiis, Jørgen and White, Jonathan O and Thornberg, Klaus J and Quist, Lars and Nielsen, Jonas and Andersen, Lasse H and Holst, Lars B and Thormar, Katrin and Kjældgaard, Anne-Lene and Fabritius, Maria L and Mondrup, Frederik and Pott, Frank C and Møller, Thea P and Winkel, Per and Wetterslev, Jørn}, | |
| journal = {dx.doi.org}, | |
| doi = {10.1056/nejmoa1204242}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is widely used for fluid resuscitation in intensive care units (ICUs), but its safety and efficacy have not been established in patients with severe sepsis. Methods In this multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned patients with severe sepsis to fluid resuscitation in the ICU with either 6\% HES 130/0.42 (Tetraspan) or Ringer's acetate at a dose of up to 33 ml per kilogram of ideal body weight per day. The primary outcome measure was either death or end-stage kidney failure (dependence on dialysis) at 90 days after randomization. Results Of the 804 patients who underwent randomization, 798 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The two intervention groups had similar baseline characteristics. At 90 days after randomization, 201 of 398 patients (51\%) assigned to HES 130/0.42 had died, as compared with 172 of 400 patients (43\%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.17; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.36; P=0.03...}}, | |
| pages = {124 -- 134}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {367}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {07} | |
| } | |
| @article{Diamond_2022_PLoS_ONE, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Predicting risk for trauma patients using static and dynamic information from the MIMIC III database}}, | |
| author = {Tsiklidis, Evan J. and Sinno, Talid and Diamond, Scott L.}, | |
| journal = {PLoS ONE}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262523}, | |
| pmid = {35045100}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8769353}, | |
| abstract = {{Risk quantification algorithms in the ICU can provide (1) an early alert to the clinician that a patient is at extreme risk and (2) help manage limited resources efficiently or remotely. With electronic health records, large data sets allow the training of predictive models to quantify patient risk. A gradient boosting classifier was trained to predict high-risk and low-risk trauma patients, where patients were labeled high-risk if they expired within the next 10 hours or within the last 10\% of their ICU stay duration. The MIMIC-III database was filtered to extract 5,400 trauma patient records (526 non-survivors) each of which contained 5 static variables (age, gender, etc.) and 28 dynamic variables (e.g., vital signs and metabolic panel). Training data was also extracted from the dynamic variables using a 3-hour moving time window whereby each window was treated as a unique patient-time fragment. We extracted the mean, standard deviation, and skew from each of these 3-hour fragments and included them as inputs for training. Additionally, a survival metric upon admission was calculated for each patient using a previously developed National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB)-trained gradient booster model. The final model was able to distinguish between high-risk and low-risk patients to an AUROC of 92.9\%, defined as the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. Importantly, the dynamic survival probability plots for patients who die appear considerably different from those who survive, an example of reducing the high dimensionality of the patient record to a single trauma trajectory.}}, | |
| pages = {e0262523}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {17} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wafaisade_2014_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Epidemiology and risk factors of multiple-organ failure after multiple trauma}}, | |
| author = {Fröhlich, Matthias and Lefering, Rolf and Probst, Christian and Paffrath, Thomas and Schneider, Marco M. and Maegele, Marc and Sakka, Samir G. and Bouillon, Bertil and Wafaisade, Arasch}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0000000000000199}, | |
| pmid = {24662853}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND In the severely injured who survive the early posttraumatic phase, multiple-organ failure (MOF) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. An enhanced prediction of MOF might influence individual monitoring and therapy of severely injured patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of a nationwide prospective database, the TraumaRegister DGU of the German Trauma Society. Patients with complete data sets (2002–2011) and a relevant trauma load (Injury Severity Score \[ISS\] ≥ 16), who were admitted to an intensive care unit, were included. RESULTS Of a total of 31,154 patients enclosed in this study, 10,201 (32.7\%) developed an MOF according to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. During the study period, mortality of all patients decreased from 18.1\% in 2002 to 15.3\% in 2011 (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, MOF occurred significantly more often (24.6\% in 2002 vs. 31.5\% in 2011, p < 0.001), but mortality of MOF patients decreased (42.6\% vs. 33.3\%, p < 0.001). MOF patients who died survived 2 days less (11 days in 2002 vs. 8.9 days in 2011, p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for the development of MOF following severe trauma were age, ISS, head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of 3 or higher, thoracic AIS score of 3 or higher, male sex, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 or less, mass transfusion, base excess of less than −3, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg at admission, and coagulopathy. CONCLUSION Over one decade, we observed an ongoing decrease of mortality after multiple trauma, accompanied by decreasing mortality in the subgroup with MOF. However, incidence of MOF in the severely injured increased significantly. Thus, MOF after multiple trauma remains a challenge in intensive care. The risk factors from multivariate analysis could be instrumental in anticipating the early development of MOF. Furthermore, a reliable prediction model might be supportive for patient enrolment in trauma studies, in which MOF marks the primary end point. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {921--928}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {76}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Fröhlich-Epidemiology%20and%20risk%20factors%20of%20multiple-organ%20failure%20after%20multiple%20trauma-2014-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery_2.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Izadyar_2014_The_International_Journal_Of_Engineering_And_Science__IJES_, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Delphi technique theoretical framework in qualitative research}}, | |
| author = {Habibi, A and Sarafrazi, A and Izadyar, S}, | |
| journal = {The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)}, | |
| abstract = {{Using specialized knowledge and perspectives of a set in decision-makings about issues that are qualitative is very helpful. Delphi technique is a group knowledge acquisition method, which is also used for qualitative issue decision-makings. Delphi technique can be used for qualitative research that is exploratory and identifying the nature and fundamental elements of a phenomenon is a basis for study. It is a structured process for collecting data during the successive rounds and group consensus. Despite over a half century of using Delphi in scientific and academic studies, there are still several ambiguities about it. The main problem in using the Delphi technique is lack of a clear theoretical framework for using this technique. Therefore, this study aimed to present a comprehensive theoretical framework for the application of Delphi technique in qualitative research. In this theoretical framework, the application and consensus principles of Delphi technique in qualitative research were clearly explained. | |
| Keywords - Delphi Technique, Qualitative Research, Theoretical Framework}}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {3} | |
| } | |
| @article{Kraemer_2016_Injury_Epidemiology, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Bicycle helmet laws and persistent racial and ethnic helmet use disparities among urban high school students: a repeated cross-sectional analysis}}, | |
| author = {Kraemer, John D}, | |
| journal = {Injury Epidemiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s40621-016-0086-3}, | |
| abstract = {{Injury Epidemiology, 2016, doi:10.1186/s40621-016-0086-3}}, | |
| pages = {1 -- 10}, | |
| month = {08} | |
| } | |
| @article{Takala_2011_Crit_Care, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Risk assessment in the first fifteen minutes: a prospective cohort study of a simple physiological scoring system in the emergency department}}, | |
| author = {Merz, T. M. and Etter, R. and Mende, L. and Barthelmes, D. and Wieg and J. and Martinolli, L. and Takala, J.}, | |
| journal = {Crit Care}, | |
| issn = {1466-609X (Electronic) 1364-8535 (Linking)}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/cc9972}, | |
| pmid = {21244659}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC3222061}, | |
| url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21244659}, | |
| abstract = {{The survival of patients admitted to an emergency department is determined by the severity of acute illness and the quality of care provided. The high number and the wide spectrum of severity of illness of admitted patients make an immediate assessment of all patients unrealistic. The aim of this study is to evaluate a scoring system based on readily available physiological parameters immediately after admission to an emergency department (ED) for the purpose of identification of at-risk patients. This prospective observational cohort study includes 4,388 consecutive adult patients admitted via the ED of a 960-bed tertiary referral hospital over a period of six months. Occurrence of each of seven potential vital sign abnormalities (threat to airway, abnormal respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, low Glasgow Coma Scale and seizures) was collected and added up to generate the vital sign score (VSS). VSSinitial was defined as the VSS in the first 15 minutes after admission, VSSmax as the maximum VSS throughout the stay in ED. Occurrence of single vital sign abnormalities in the first 15 minutes and VSSinitial and VSSmax were evaluated as potential predictors of hospital mortality. Logistic regression analysis identified all evaluated single vital sign abnormalities except seizures and abnormal respiratory rate to be independent predictors of hospital mortality. Increasing VSSinitial and VSSmax were significantly correlated to hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) 2.80, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 2.50 to 3.14, P < 0.0001 for VSSinitial; OR 2.36, 95\% CI 2.15 to 2.60, P < 0.0001 for VSSmax). The predictive power of VSS was highest if collected in the first 15 minutes after ED admission (log rank Chi-square 468.1, P < 0.0001 for VSSinitial;,log rank Chi square 361.5, P < 0.0001 for VSSmax). Vital sign abnormalities and VSS collected in the first minutes after ED admission can identify patients at risk of an unfavourable outcome.}}, | |
| pages = {R25}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {15} | |
| } | |
| @article{tpr, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2002\_Bookmatter\_Algebra(4).pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2002_Bookmatter_Algebra(4)_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pollock_2015_Injury, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Childhood injury in Tower Hamlets: Audit of children presenting with injury to an inner city A\&E department in London}}, | |
| author = {Smith, Dianna and Kirkwood, Graham and Pott, Jason and Kourita, Lida and Jessop, Vanessa and Pollock, Allyson M}, | |
| journal = {Injury}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2014.12.029}, | |
| url = {https://www.researchgate.net/}, | |
| pages = {1131 -- 1136}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {46}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sayed_2022_Medicine, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Injury severity score as a predictor of mortality in adult trauma patients by injury mechanism types in the United States: A retrospective observational study}}, | |
| author = {Colnaric, Jure M. and Sibai, Rayan H. El and Bachir, Rana H. and Sayed, Mazen J. El}, | |
| journal = {Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/md.0000000000029614}, | |
| pmid = {35839012}, | |
| abstract = {{Injury severity score (ISS) is commonly used in trauma registries to describe injury severity and to predict outcomes in trauma patients regardless of injury mechanism. This study examined the correlation between ISS and mortality in adult trauma patients presenting to emergency departments in the United States with different mechanisms of injury. A retrospective observational study was conducted using the 2014 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Patients’ characteristics were stratified by mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for death against ISS for each mechanism of injury. A logistic regression model was conducted for each mechanism of injury to determine whether ISS (≥16 vs <16) is a predictor of mortality. The study sample consisted of 16,147,058 weighted adult trauma patients. Median age was 46 years. Slightly over half were females (51.9\%). Falls, motor vehicle accidents and being struck by or against, were the most commonly reported mechanisms of injury (44.6\%, 18.1\%, and 15.3\%, respectively). The overall mortality in the study population was 0.4\%. The area under the ROC curve was highest in injuries sustained in accidents involving machinery (0.947; 95\% confidence intervals [CI], 0.896-0.998), followed by motor vehicle traffic (MVA) (0.788; 95\% CI, 0.775-0.801) and cutting or piercing (0.746; 95\% CI, 0.701-0.791). Deceased patients were accurately identified by ISS 65.2\% in injury by machinery, 47.7\% in injury involving MVA, 39.7\% in injury by firearm and 31.4\% in injury by assault. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariate models in which ISS was the main independent factor performed best in predicting mortality from firearm and machinery mechanism of injuries. Although the ROC curve analysis demonstrated a moderate or high discriminatory ability to identify deceased patients in 6 out of twelve mechanisms, and the multivariate analysis revealed that ISS was a significant predictor of mortality in 9 out of 12 injury mechanisms, the sensitivities of all logistic regression models were poor. The ISS ≥ 16 threshold alone therefore should not be used to identify patients with high-mortality risk. The mortality risk assessment should be done individually and be based on clinical evaluation.}}, | |
| pages = {e29614}, | |
| number = {28}, | |
| volume = {101} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Russell, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| author = {Russell, Nicola}, | |
| title = {{Fluid use in the Royal London Emergency Department}} | |
| } | |
| @article{Schuh_2016_JAMA, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Effect of Dilute Apple Juice and Preferred Fluids vs Electrolyte Maintenance Solution on Treatment Failure Among Children With Mild Gastroenteritis}}, | |
| author = {Freedman, Stephen B and Willan, Andrew R and Boutis, Kathy and Schuh, Suzanne}, | |
| journal = {JAMA}, | |
| doi = {10.1001/jama.2016.5352}, | |
| abstract = {{Importance Gastroenteritis is a common pediatric illness. Electrolyte maintenance solution is recommended to treat and prevent dehydration. Its advantage in minimally dehydrated children is unproven.Objective To determine if oral hydration with dilute apple juice/preferred fluids is noninferior to electrolyte maintenance solution in children with mild gastroenteritis.Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, single-blind noninferiority trial conducted between the months of October and April during the years 2010 to 2015 in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Study participants were children aged 6 to 60 months with gastroenteritis and minimal dehydration.Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to receive color-matched half-strength apple juice/preferred fluids (n=323) or apple-flavored electrolyte maintenance solution (n=324). Oral rehydration therapy followed institutional protocols. After discharge, the half-strength apple juice/preferred fluids group was administered fluids as desired; the electrolyte maintenance solution group replaced losses with electrolyte maintenance solution.Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of treatment failure defined by any of the following occurring within 7 days of enrollment: intravenous rehydration, hospitalization, subsequent unscheduled physician encounter, protracted symptoms, crossover, and 3\% or more weight loss or significant dehydration at in-person follow-up. Secondary outcomes included intravenous rehydration, hospitalization, and frequency of diarrhea and vomiting. The noninferiority margin was defined as a difference between groups of 7.5\% for the primary outcome and was assessed with a 1-sided α=.025. If noninferiority was established, a 1-sided test for superiority was conducted.Results Among 647 randomized children (mean age, 28.3 months; 331 boys [51.1\%]; 441 (68.2\%) without evidence of dehydration), 644 (99.5\%) completed follow-up. Children who were administered dilute apple juice experienced treatment failure less often than those given electrolyte maintenance solution (16.7\% vs 25.0\%; difference, −8.3\%; 97.5\% CI, −∞ to −2.0\%; P \< .001 for inferiority and P = .006 for superiority). Fewer children administered apple juice/preferred fluids received intravenous rehydration (2.5\% vs 9.0\%; difference, −6.5\%; 99\% CI, −11.6\% to −1.8\%). Hospitalization rates and diarrhea and vomiting frequency were not significantly different between groups.Conclusions and Relevance Among children with mild gastroenteritis and minimal dehydration, initial oral hydration with dilute apple juice followed by their preferred fluids, compared with electrolyte maintenance solution, resulted in fewer treatment failures. In many high-income countries, the use of dilute apple juice and preferred fluids as desired may be an appropriate alternative to electrolyte maintenance fluids in children with mild gastroenteritis and minimal dehydration.Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01185054}}, | |
| pages = {1966 -- 1974}, | |
| number = {18}, | |
| volume = {315}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| note = {10.1001/jama.2016.5352}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Suh_2009_Biochemical_and_Biophysical_Research_Communications, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Fluid replacement following dehydration reduces oxidative stress during recovery}}, | |
| author = {Paik, Il-Young and Jeong, Myung-Hyun and Jin, Hwa-Eun and Kim, Young-Il and Suh, Ah-Ram and Cho, Su-Youn and Roh, Hee-Tae and Jin, Chan-Ho and Suh, Sang-Hoon}, | |
| journal = {Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.135}, | |
| abstract = {{To investigate the effects of hydration status on oxidative DNA damage and exercise performance, 10 subjects ran on a treadmill until exhaustion at 80\% VO2max during four different trials [control (C), 3\% dehydration (D), 3\% dehydration + water (W) or 3\% dehydration + sports drink (S)]. Dehydration significantly decreased exercise time to exhaustion (D \< C and S). Plasma MDA levels were significantly higher at pre-exercise in D than C. Plasma TAS was significantly lower at pre-exercise in C and S than in D, and was significantly lower in S than D at 60 min of recovery. Dehydration significantly increased oxidative DNA damage during exercise, but fluid replacement with water or sports drink alleviated it equally. These results suggest that (1) dehydration impairs exercise performance and increases DNA damage during exercise to exhaustion; and (2) fluid replacement prolongs exercise endurance and attenuates DNA damage.}}, | |
| pages = {103 -- 107}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {383} | |
| } | |
| @article{Zhou_2020, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{A Nomogram Based on Clinical Characteristics for Predicting Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome(MODS) Following Multiple Trauma Patients}}, | |
| author = {Miao, ZhenJun and Wei, Faxing and Zhou, Feng}, | |
| doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-78104/v1}, | |
| abstract = {{<p>Background</p><p>Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the one of common complications,and the leading cause of late mortality in multiple trauma patients.The present study aims to develop and validate a nomogram based on clinical characteristics in order to identify the patients with multiple trauma who were at risk of developing MODS.</p><p>Methods</p><p>An retrospective cohort study was performed with data from January 2011 to December 2019,totally 770 patients with multiple trauma were enrolled in our study.They were randomly categorized into training set (n=514) and validation set (n=256).The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen the predictors for multiple trauma patients who were at risk of developing MODS from training set data.Then we established a nomogram based on these above predictors.The discriminative capacity was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area under the curve (AUC), and the predictive precision was depicted by calibration plot.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the the model’s goodness of fit.</p><p>Results</p><p>Our study showed that age,ISS,hemorrhagic shock,heart rate,blood glucose,D-dimer and APTT were independent risk factors for MODS in patients with multiple trauma by multivariate logistic regression analysis.A nomogram was established on basis of these above risk factors.The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.868 (95\% confidence interval [CI]:0.829-0.908) in the training set and 0.884 (95\% confidence interval [CI]:0.833-0.935) in the validation set.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test has a <em>p </em>value of 0.227 in training set and 0.554 in validation set respectively,which confirm the model’s goodness of fit.Calibration plot showed that the predicted and actual incidence of MODS probability were fitted well on both internal and external validations.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The present nomogram had a well predictive precision and discrimination capacity,which can facilitate improved screening and early identification of multiple trauma patients who were at high risk of developing MODS.</p>}}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/assets.researchsquare.com%206142023,%2031034%20PM_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Duhamel_2021_BMC_Medical_Research_Methodology, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{Joint latent class model: Simulation study of model properties and application to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease}}, | |
| author = {Kyheng, Maéva and Babykina, Génia and Ternynck, Camille and Devos, David and Labreuche, Julien and Duhamel, Alain}, | |
| journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s12874-021-01377-9}, | |
| pmid = {34592944}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8482570}, | |
| abstract = {{In many clinical applications, evolution of a longitudinal marker is censored by an event occurrence, and, symmetrically, event occurrence can be influenced by the longitudinal marker evolution. In such frameworks joint modeling is of high interest. The Joint Latent Class Model (JLCM) allows to stratify the population into groups (classes) of patients that are homogeneous both with respect to the evolution of a longitudinal marker and to the occurrence of an event; this model is widely employed in real-life applications. However, the finite sample-size properties of this model remain poorly explored. In the present paper, a simulation study is carried out to assess the impact of the number of individuals, of the censoring rate and of the degree of class separation on the finite sample size properties of the JLCM. A real-life application from the neurology domain is also presented. This study assesses the precision of class membership prediction and the impact of covariates omission on the model parameter estimates. Simulation study reveals some departures from normality of the model for survival sub-model parameters. The censoring rate and the number of individuals impact the relative bias of parameters, especially when the classes are weakly distinguished. In real-data application the observed heterogeneity on individual profiles in terms of a longitudinal marker evolution and of the event occurrence remains after adjusting to clinically relevant and available covariates; The JLCM properties have been evaluated. We have illustrated the discovery in practice and highlights the usefulness of the joint models with latent classes in this kind of data even with pre-specified factors. We made some recommendations for the use of this model and for future research.}}, | |
| pages = {198}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {21}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Kyheng-Joint%20latent%20class%20model-%20Simulation%20study%20of%20model%20properties%20and%20application%20to%20amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis%20disease-2021-BMC%20Medical%20Research%20Methodology.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lobo_2012_Ann_Surg, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{A randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 2-L infusions of 0.9\% saline and plasma-lyte(R) 148 on renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers}}, | |
| author = {Chowdhury, A H and Cox, E F and Francis, S T and Lobo, D N}, | |
| journal = {Ann Surg}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/sla.0b013e318256be72}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of intravenous infusions of 0.9\% saline ([Cl] 154 mmol/L) and Plasma-Lyte 148 ([Cl] 98 mmol/L, Baxter Healthcare) on renal blood flow velocity and perfusion in humans using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). BACKGROUND: Animal experiments suggest that hyperchloremia resulting from 0.9\% saline infusion may affect renal hemodynamics adversely, a phenomenon not studied in humans. METHODS: Twelve healthy adult male subjects received 2-L intravenous infusions over 1 hour of 0.9\% saline or Plasma-Lyte 148 in a randomized, double-blind manner. Crossover studies were performed 7 to 10 days apart. MRI scanning proceeded for 90 minutes after commencement of infusion to measure renal artery blood flow velocity and renal cortical perfusion. Blood was sampled and weight recorded hourly for 4 hours. RESULTS: Sustained hyperchloremia was seen with saline but not with Plasma-Lyte 148 (P < 0.0001), and fall in strong ion difference was greater with the former (P = 0.025). Blood volume changes were identical (P = 0.867), but there was greater expansion of the extravascular fluid volume after saline (P = 0.029). There was a significant reduction in mean renal artery flow velocity (P = 0.045) and renal cortical tissue perfusion (P = 0.008) from baseline after saline, but not after Plasma-Lyte 148. There was no difference in concentrations of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin after the 2 infusions (P = 0.917). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first human study to demonstrate that intravenous infusion of 0.9\% saline results in reductions in renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion. This has implications for intravenous fluid therapy in perioperative and critically ill patients. NCT01087853.}}, | |
| pages = {18 -- 24}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {256}, | |
| note = {Chowdhury, Abeed H | |
| Cox, Eleanor F | |
| Francis, Susan T | |
| Lobo, Dileep N | |
| ENG | |
| Comparative Study | |
| Controlled Clinical Trial | |
| Randomized Controlled Trial | |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |
| 2012/05/15 06:00 | |
| Ann Surg. 2012 Jul;256(1):18-24. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318256be72.} | |
| } | |
| @article{collaborators_2018_Wellcome_Open_Research, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| title = {{Tranexamic acid for significant traumatic brain injury (The CRASH-3 trial): Statistical analysis plan for an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial}}, | |
| author = {Roberts, Ian and Belli, Antonio and Brenner, Amy and Chaudhri, Rizwana and Fawole, Bukola and Harris, Tim and Jooma, Rashid and Mahmood, Abda and Shokunbi, Temitayo and Shakur, Haleema and collaborators, CRASH-3 trial}, | |
| journal = {Wellcome Open Research}, | |
| issn = {2398-502X}, | |
| doi = {10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14700.2}, | |
| pmid = {30175246}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: Worldwide, traumatic brain injury (TBI) kills or hospitalises over 10 million people each year. Early intracranial bleeding is common after TBI, increasing the risk of death and disability. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in surgery and death due to bleeding in trauma patients with extra-cranial injury. Early administration of tranexamic acid in TBI patients might limit intracranial bleeding, reducing death and disability. The CRASH-3 trial aims to provide evidence on the effect of tranexamic acid on death and disability in TBI patients. We will randomly allocate about 13,000 TBI patients (approximately 10,000 within 3 hours of injury) to an intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. This paper presents a protocol update (version 2.1) and statistical analysis plan for the CRASH-3 trial. Results: The primary outcome is head injury death in hospital within 28 days of injury for patients treated within 3 hours of injury (deaths in patients treated after 3 hours will also be reported). Because there are reasons to expect that tranexamic acid will be most effective in patients treated immediately after injury and less effective with increasing delay, the effect in patients treated within one hour of injury is of particular interest. Secondary outcomes are all-cause and cause-specific mortality, vascular occlusive events, disability based on the Disability Rating Scale and measures suggested by patient representatives, seizures, neurosurgical intervention, neurosurgical blood loss, days in intensive care and adverse events. Sub-group analyses will examine the effect of tranexamic acid on head injury death stratified by time to treatment, severity of TBI and baseline risk. Conclusion: The CRASH-3 trial will provide reliable evidence of the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in patients with acute TBI. Registration: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials registry ( ISRCTN15088122) 19/07/2011, and ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01402882) 25/07/2011.}}, | |
| pages = {86}, | |
| volume = {3} | |
| } | |
| @article{Pedoe_2010_British_Journal_of_Sports_Medicine, | |
| year = {2010}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The incidence of exercise-associated hyponatraemia in the London marathon}}, | |
| author = {Kipps, C and Sharma, S and Pedoe, D T}, | |
| journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2009.059535}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH) is a potentially fatal cause of collapse in endurance exercise. It is understood to be a dilutional hyponatraemia caused by an increase of total body water relative to the amount of exchangeable sodium stores. Fourteen runners presented to one London hospital with symptomatic EAH several hours after finishing the 2003 London Marathon, and more recently, a young male runner died from the complications of severe EAH after crossing the finish line of the London Marathon. Objectives To determine the incidence of EAH in runners in the London Marathon. Methods Volunteers were recruited at race registration where they were weighed, had blood tests and completed a demographic and experience questionnaire. Weights, blood tests and a fluid intake questionnaire were repeated after the finish. Blood was analysed on-site using hand-held i-STAT blood analysers. Results Of the 88 volunteers, 11 (12.5\%) developed asymptomatic hyponatraemia (serum sodium 128–134 mmol/l). They consumed more fluid (p\&lt;0.001) and gained more weight (p\&lt;0.001) than did those without hyponatraemia. Conclusions A significant proportion (12.5\%) of healthy volunteers developed asymptomatic hyponatraemia running a marathon in cool conditions. On average, these runners consumed more fluid and gained more weight than did non-hyponatraemic runners, although fluid intake was not related to weight gain in this study. Four of the 11 hyponatraemic runners lost weight over the course of the marathon, strengthening the case for an additional factor, such as inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release during exercise, in the development of EAH.}}, | |
| pages = {14 -- 19}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {45}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| keywords = {}, | |
| month = {12} | |
| } | |
| @article{Program_2018_Critical_Care_Medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {epidemiology,EHR coding,coding,sepsis,MODS,not-clustering}, | |
| title = {{Variation in Identifying Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction Using Administrative Versus Electronic Clinical Data and Impact on Hospital Outcome Comparisons}}, | |
| author = {Rhee, Chanu and Jentzsch, Maximilian S and Kadri, Sameer S and Seymour, Christopher W and Angus, Derek C and Murphy, David J and Martin, Greg S and Dantes, Raymund B and Epstein, Lauren and Fiore, Anthony E and Jernigan, John A and Danner, Robert L and Warren, David K and Septimus, Edward J and Hickok, Jason and Poland, Russell E and Jin, Robert and Fram, David and Schaaf, Richard and Wang, Rui and Klompas, Michael and {Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Prevention Epicenters}}, | |
| journal = {Critical Care Medicine}, | |
| issn = {0090-3493}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ccm.0000000000003554}, | |
| pmid = {30431493}, | |
| abstract = {{Objectives: Administrative claims data are commonly used for sepsis surveillance, research, and quality improvement. However, variations in diagnosis, documentation, and coding practices for sepsis and organ dysfunction may confound efforts to estimate sepsis rates, compare outcomes, and perform risk adjustment. We evaluated hospital variation in the sensitivity of claims data relative to clinical data from electronic health records and its impact on outcome comparisons. Design, Setting, and Patients: Retrospective cohort study of 4.3 million adult encounters at 193 U.S. hospitals in 2013–2014. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Sepsis was defined using electronic health record–derived clinical indicators of presumed infection (blood culture draws and antibiotic administrations) and concurrent organ dysfunction (vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, doubling in creatinine, doubling in bilirubin to ≥ 2.0 mg/dL, decrease in platelets to < 100 cells/µL, or lactate ≥ 2.0 mmol/L). We compared claims for sepsis prevalence and mortality rates between both methods. All estimates were reliability adjusted to account for random variation using hierarchical logistic regression modeling. The sensitivity of hospitals’ claims data was low and variable: median 30\% (range, 5–54\%) for sepsis, 66\% (range, 26–84\%) for acute kidney injury, 39\% (range, 16–60\%) for thrombocytopenia, 36\% (range, 29–44\%) for hepatic injury, and 66\% (range, 29–84\%) for shock. Correlation between claims and clinical data was moderate for sepsis prevalence (Pearson coefficient, 0.64) and mortality (0.61). Among hospitals in the lowest sepsis mortality quartile by claims, 46\% shifted to higher mortality quartiles using clinical data. Using implicit sepsis criteria based on infection and organ dysfunction codes also yielded major differences versus clinical data. Conclusions: Variation in the accuracy of claims data for identifying sepsis and organ dysfunction limits their use for comparing hospitals’ sepsis rates and outcomes. Using objective clinical data may facilitate more meaningful hospital comparisons.}}, | |
| pages = {\&NA;}, | |
| number = {\&NA;}, | |
| volume = {Publish Ahead of Print}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Rhee-Variation%20in%20Identifying%20Sepsis%20and%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Using%20Administrative%20Versus%20Electronic%20Clinical%20Data%20and%20Impact%20on%20Hospital%20Outcome%20Comparisons-2018-Critical%20Care%20Medicine.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Wigley_2019_The_Lancet, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| keywords = {unread}, | |
| title = {{The relationships between democratic experience, adult health, and cause-specific mortality in 170 countries between 1980 and 2016: an observational analysis}}, | |
| author = {Bollyky, Thomas J and Templin, Tara and Cohen, Matthew and Schoder, Diana and Dieleman, Joseph L and Wigley, Simon}, | |
| journal = {The Lancet}, | |
| issn = {0140-6736}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30235-1}, | |
| pmid = {30878225}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Previous analyses of democracy and population health have focused on broad measures, such as life expectancy at birth and child and infant mortality, and have shown some contradictory results. We used a panel of data spanning 170 countries to assess the association between democracy and cause-specific mortality and explore the pathways connecting democratic rule to health gains. Methods We extracted cause-specific mortality and HIV-free life expectancy estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 and information on regime type from the Varieties of Democracy project. These data cover 170 countries and 46 years. From the Financing Global Health database, we extracted gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, also covering 46 years, and Development Assistance for Health estimates starting from 1990 and domestic health spending estimates starting from 1995. We used a diverse set of empirical methods—synthetic control, within-country variance decomposition, structural equation models, and fixed-effects regression—which together provide a robust analysis of the association between democratisation and population health. Findings HIV-free life expectancy at age 15 years improved significantly during the study period (1970–2015) in countries after they transitioned to democracy, on average by 3\% after 10 years. Democratic experience explains 22·27\% of the variance in mortality within a country from cardiovascular diseases, 16·53\% for tuberculosis, and 17·78\% for transport injuries, and a smaller percentage for other diseases included in the study. For cardiovascular diseases, transport injuries, cancers, cirrhosis, and other non-communicable diseases, democratic experience explains more of the variation in mortality than GDP. Over the past 20 years, the average country's increase in democratic experience had direct and indirect effects on reducing mortality from cardiovascular disease (−9·64\%, 95\% CI −6·38 to −12·90), other non-communicable diseases (−9·14\%, −4·26 to −14·02), and tuberculosis (−8·93\%, −2·08 to −15·77). Increases in a country's democratic experience were not correlated with GDP per capita between 1995 and 2015 (ρ=–0·1036; p=0·1826), but were correlated with declines in mortality from cardiovascular disease (ρ=–0·3873; p<0·0001) and increases in government health spending (ρ=0·4002; p<0·0001). Removal of free and fair elections from the democratic experience variable resulted in loss of association with age-standardised mortality from non-communicable diseases and injuries. Interpretation When enforced by free and fair elections, democracies are more likely than autocracies to lead to health gains for causes of mortality (eg, cardiovascular diseases and transport injuries) that have not been heavily targeted by foreign aid and require health-care delivery infrastructure. International health agencies and donors might increasingly need to consider the implications of regime type in their efforts to maximise health gains, particularly in the context of ageing populations and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. Funding Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation.}}, | |
| pages = {1628--1640}, | |
| number = {10181}, | |
| volume = {393} | |
| } | |
| @article{x2, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2014\_Book\_SearchMethodologies.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2014_Book_SearchMethodologies.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{8e4, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2002\_Bookmatter\_Algebra(2).pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2002_Bookmatter_Algebra(2)_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Humphrey_2019_Frontiers_in_Psychology, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{The Application of Latent Class Analysis for Investigating Population Child Mental Health: A Systematic Review}}, | |
| author = {Petersen, Kimberly J. and Qualter, Pamela and Humphrey, Neil}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, | |
| issn = {1664-1078}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01214}, | |
| pmid = {31191405}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC6548989}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: Latent class analysis (LCA) can be used to identify subgroups of children with similar patterns of mental health symptoms and/or strengths. The method is becoming more commonly used in child mental health research, but there are reservations about the replicability, reliability, and validity of findings. Objective: A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the extent to which LCA has been used to study population mental health in children, and whether replicable, reliable and valid findings have been demonstrated. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A search of literature, published between January 1998 and December 2017, was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Scopus, ERIC, ASSIA, and Google Scholar. A total of 2,748 studies were initially identified, of which 23 were eligible for review. The review examined the methods which studies had used to choose the number of mental health classes, the classes that they found, and whether there was evidence for the validity and reliability of the classes. Results: Reviewed studies used LCA to investigate both disparate mental health symptoms, and those associated with specific disorders. The corpus of studies using similar indicators was small. Differences in the criteria used to select the final LCA model were found between studies. All studies found meaningful or useful subgroups, but there were differences in the extent to which the validity and reliability of classes were explicitly demonstrated. Conclusions : LCA is a useful tool for studying and classifying child mental health at the population level. Recommendations are made to improve the application and reporting of LCA and to increase confidence in findings in the future, including use of a range of indices and criteria when enumerating classes, clear reporting of methods for replicability, and making efforts to establish the validity and reliability of identified classes.}}, | |
| pages = {1214}, | |
| volume = {10}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Petersen-The%20Application%20of%20Latent%20Class%20Analysis%20for%20Investigating%20Population%20Child%20Mental%20Health-%20A%20Systematic%20Review-2019-Frontiers%20in%20Psychology.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Sanchez_Pinto_2020_AMIA_____Annual_Symposium_proceedings__AMIA_Symposium, | |
| year = {2020}, | |
| keywords = {Clustering,Unsupervised Machine Learning,HCA}, | |
| title = {{Three Data-Driven Phenotypes of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Preserved from Early Childhood to Middle Adulthood.}}, | |
| author = {Ye, Jiancheng and Sanchez-Pinto, L Nelson}, | |
| journal = {AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium}, | |
| pmid = {33936511}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8075454}, | |
| abstract = {{Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is one of the major causes of death and long-term impairment in critically ill patients. MODS is a complex, heterogeneous syndrome consisting of different phenotypes, which has limited the development of MODS-specific therapies and prognostic models. We used an unsupervised learning approach to derive novel phenotypes of MODS based on the type and severity of six individual organ dysfunctions. In a large, multi-center cohort of pediatric, young and middle-aged adults admitted to three different intensive care units, we uncovered and characterized three distinct data-driven phenotypes of MODS which were reproducible across age groups, where independently associated with outcomes and had unique predictors of in-hospital mortality.}}, | |
| pages = {1345--1353}, | |
| volume = {2020}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Ye-Three%20Data-Driven%20Phenotypes%20of%20Multiple%20Organ%20Dysfunction%20Syndrome%20Preserved%20from%20Early%20Childhood%20to%20Middle%20Adulthood--2020-AMIA%20...%20Annual%20Symposium%20proceedings.%20AMIA%20Symposium_2.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gordy_2013, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| title = {{Common Problems in Acute Care Surgery}}, | |
| author = {Gordy, Stephanie and Schreiber, Martin A}, | |
| journal = {null}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6123-4\_7}, | |
| abstract = {{While traumatic brain injury and uncontrolled hemorrhage remain the leading causes of death after trauma, sepsis followed by multiple organ failure (MOF) are leading contributors to mortality in critically ill surgical and trauma patients. MOF is the leading cause of morbidity in the intensive care unit (ICU) following trauma and represents the endpoint of the spectrum of SIRS and sepsis [1]. Despite the identification of this disease process in the early 1970s, our understanding of the pathophysiology and the ensuing treatment of this syndrome remains a perplexing entity to which entire books have been dedicated. This chapter provides a brief overview of the evolution of the disease, the clinical presentation, and discusses the epidemiology and salient pathophysiology, as well as current treatment options and future considerations of this disease.}}, | |
| pages = {93--108}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Gordy-Multiple%20Organ%20Failure-2013-null.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Group_2001_Pediatrics, | |
| year = {2001}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a reduced osmolarity oral rehydration salts solution in children with acute watery diarrhea}}, | |
| author = {Group, CHOICE Study}, | |
| journal = {Pediatrics}, | |
| pages = {613 -- 618}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {107} | |
| } | |
| @misc{5kn, | |
| title = {{SWIFT: A deep learning approach to prediction of hypoxemic events in critically-Ill patients using SpO2 waveform prediction | PLOS Computational Biology}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| url = {https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009712\#sec007}, | |
| urldate = {2024-07-09}, | |
| note = {SpO2 transformation exponential} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bembea_2021_Frontiers_in_Pediatrics, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{Early Prediction of Multiple Organ Dysfunction in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit}}, | |
| author = {Bose, Sanjukta N. and Greenstein, Joseph L. and Fackler, James C. and Sarma, Sridevi V. and Winslow, Raimond L. and Bembea, Melania M.}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Pediatrics}, | |
| issn = {2296-2360}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/fped.2021.711104}, | |
| pmid = {34485201}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8415553}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: The objective of the study is to build models for early prediction of risk for developing multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. Design: The design of the study is a retrospective observational cohort study. Setting: The setting of the study is at a single academic PICU at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD. Patients: The patients included in the study were <18 years of age admitted to the PICU between July 2014 and October 2015. Measurements and main results: Organ dysfunction labels were generated every minute from preceding 24-h time windows using the International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference (IPSCC) and Proulx et al. MOD criteria. Early MOD prediction models were built using four machine learning methods: random forest, XGBoost, GLMBoost, and Lasso-GLM. An optimal threshold learned from training data was used to detect high-risk alert events (HRAs). The early prediction models from all methods achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve ≥0.91 for both IPSCC and Proulx criteria. The best performance in terms of maximum F1-score was achieved with random forest (sensitivity: 0.72, positive predictive value: 0.70, F1-score: 0.71) and XGBoost (sensitivity: 0.8, positive predictive value: 0.81, F1-score: 0.81) for IPSCC and Proulx criteria, respectively. The median early warning time was 22.7 h for random forest and 37 h for XGBoost models for IPSCC and Proulx criteria, respectively. Applying spectral clustering on risk-score trajectories over 24 h following early warning provided a high-risk group with ≥0.93 positive predictive value. Conclusions: Early predictions from risk-based patient monitoring could provide more than 22 h of lead time for MOD onset, with ≥0.93 positive predictive value for a high-risk group identified pre-MOD.}}, | |
| pages = {711104}, | |
| volume = {9} | |
| } | |
| @article{McGiff_1993_British_journal_of_pharmacology, | |
| year = {1993}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Chloride anion concentration as a determinant of renal vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictor agents}}, | |
| author = {Quilley, Caroline P and Lin, Yu Shi R and McGiff, John C}, | |
| journal = {British journal of pharmacology}, | |
| pages = {106 -- 110}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {108} | |
| } | |
| @article{L_bke_2006_Clinical_nutrition, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: gastroenterology}}, | |
| author = {Lochs, Herbert and Dejong, C and Hammarqvist, Folke and Hébuterne, Xavier and Leon-Sanz, Miguel and Schütz, Tatjana and Gemert, Wim van and Gossum, André Van and Valentini, Luzia and Lübke, H}, | |
| journal = {Clinical nutrition}, | |
| pages = {260 -- 274}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {25} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lee_2008_Evaluation_and_program_planning, | |
| year = {2008}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {delphi}, | |
| title = {{Methodological and conceptual issues confronting a cross-country Delphi study of educational program evaluation.}}, | |
| author = {Hung, Hsin-Ling and Altschuld, James W and Lee, Yi-Fang}, | |
| journal = {Evaluation and program planning}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2008.02.005}, | |
| abstract = {{Although the Delphi is widely used, research on certain methodological issues is somewhat limited. After a brief introduction to the strengths, limitations, and methodological challenges of the technique, we share our experiences (as well as problems encountered) with an electronic Delphi of educational program evaluation (EPE) in the Asia-Pacific region. The study is described followed by a discussion of the difficulties in participant recruitment and selection, sample size, instrumentation, data collection and analysis and attempts to resolve them. Some of these problems are generic to the Delphi whereas others related to the specifics of the investigation. What we learned should be useful for future Delphis with a similar focus.}}, | |
| pages = {191 -- 198}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {31}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{iau, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2017\_Book\_LaTeXIn24Hours.pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Bellomo_2015_Anaesthesia_and_intensive_care, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Characteristics and expectations of fluid bolus therapy: a bi-national survey of acute care physicians.}}, | |
| author = {Glassford, N J and Jones, S L and Martensson, J and Eastwoods, G M and Bailey, M and Cross, A M and Taylor, D McD and Bellomo, R}, | |
| journal = {Anaesthesia and intensive care}, | |
| abstract = {{There is little consensus on the definition or optimal constituents of fluid bolus therapy (FBT), and there is uncertainty regarding its physiological effects. The aims of this study were to determine clinician-reported definitions of FBT and to explore the physiological responses clinicians expect from such FBT. In June and October 2014, intensive care and emergency physicians in Australia and New Zealand were asked to participate in an electronic questionnaire of the reported practice and expectations of FBT. Two hundred and fifty-one questionnaires were completed, 65.3\% from intensivists. We identified the prototypical FBT given by intensivists is more than 250 ml of compound sodium lactate, saline or 4\% albumin given in less than 30 minutes, while that given by emergency department physicians is a similar volume of saline delivered over a similar time frame. Intensive care and emergency physicians expected significantly different changes in mean arterial pressure (P=0.001) and heart rate (P=0.033) following FBT. Substantial variation was demonstrated in the magnitude of expected response within both specialties for each variable. Major variations exist in self-reported FBT practice, both within and between acute specialties, and wide variation can be demonstrated in the expected physiological responses to FBT. International explorations of practice and prospective quantification of the actual physiological response to FBT are warranted.}}, | |
| pages = {750 -- 756}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {43}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Cohen_2018_PLoS_medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {To Read}, | |
| title = {{Machine learning in medicine: Addressing ethical challenges.}}, | |
| author = {Vayena, Effy and Blasimme, Alessandro and Cohen, I Glenn}, | |
| journal = {PLoS medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002689}, | |
| abstract = {{Effy Vayena and colleagues argue that machine learning in medicine must offer data protection, algorithmic transparency, and accountability to earn the trust of patients and clinicians.}}, | |
| pages = {e1002689}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {15}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mahmoudi_2014_International_Journal_of_Computer_Assisted_Radiology_and_Surgery, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| keywords = {*Algorithms,*Cluster Analysis,Humans,Radiography,Spinal Diseases/*diagnostic imaging,Spine/*diagnostic imaging,Spine}, | |
| title = {{Vertebra identification using template matching modelmp and K-means clustering}}, | |
| author = {Larhmam, Mohamed Amine and Benjelloun, Mohammed and Mahmoudi, Saïd}, | |
| journal = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery}, | |
| issn = {1861-6410}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s11548-013-0927-2}, | |
| pmid = {23881250}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23881250/}, | |
| abstract = {{Accurate vertebra detection and segmentation are essential steps for automating the diagnosis of spinal disorders. This study is dedicated to vertebra alignment measurement, the first step in a computer-aided diagnosis tool for cervical spine trauma. Automated vertebral segment alignment determination is a challenging task due to low contrast imaging and noise. A software tool for segmenting vertebrae and detecting subluxations has clinical significance. A robust method was developed and tested for cervical vertebra identification and segmentation that extracts parameters used for vertebra alignment measurement. Our contribution involves a novel combination of a template matching method and an unsupervised clustering algorithm. In this method, we build a geometric vertebra mean model. To achieve vertebra detection, manual selection of the region of interest is performed initially on the input image. Subsequent preprocessing is done to enhance image contrast and detect edges. Candidate vertebra localization is then carried out by using a modified generalized Hough transform (GHT). Next, an adapted cost function is used to compute local voted centers and filter boundary data. Thereafter, a K-means clustering algorithm is applied to obtain clusters distribution corresponding to the targeted vertebrae. These clusters are combined with the vote parameters to detect vertebra centers. Rigid segmentation is then carried out by using GHT parameters. Finally, cervical spine curves are extracted to measure vertebra alignment. The proposed approach was successfully applied to a set of 66 high-resolution X-ray images. Robust detection was achieved in 97.5 \% of the 330 tested cervical vertebrae. An automated vertebral identification method was developed and demonstrated to be robust to noise and occlusion. This work presents a first step toward an automated computer-aided diagnosis system for cervical spine trauma detection.}}, | |
| pages = {177--187}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {9}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: k-mean,cluster,radiology,unsupervised learning | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Aldred_2018_Journal_of_Transport___Health, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {Bespoke}, | |
| title = {{Inequalities in self-report road injury risk in Britain: A new analysis of National Travel Survey data, focusing on pedestrian injuries}}, | |
| author = {Aldred, Rachel}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Transport \& Health}, | |
| issn = {2214-1405}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jth.2018.03.006}, | |
| abstract = {{ In 2007, Britain's (since 2013 England's) National Travel Survey started asking respondents about experiences of ‘road accidents’. This paper conducts new injury analysis using NTS data from 2007-15. The resultant dataset contains 147,185 adult individuals (weighted), of whom 17,990 reported experiencing one or more ‘road accidents’ in the three years prior to the survey date. This dataset includes incidents involving other road users and those that did not, less likely in general to be included in police injury data, and not at all in the case of pedestrian falls. The paper firstly compares this self-report injury data with police data, including comparisons for different user groups such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists. Most studies of under-reporting focus on deaths and serious injuries, due to lack of other data on slight injuries. Self-report data enables a focus on that majority of injuries which are slight but may impact people's experiences of travel. The paper then compares the frequency of different types of pedestrian injury incident and finds that collisions in which a cyclist injures a pedestrian remain in this dataset very infrequent compared either to falls or to pedestrian injuries involving motor vehicles. Finally, characteristics of pedestrians injured by motor vehicles and in falls are examined. A binary logistic regression analysis examines odds of being injured as a pedestrian either by a motor vehicle, or in a fall, controlling for self-report walking frequency. Disabled pedestrians, those living in low-income households, and in London are at higher risk of being injured by a motor vehicle, while older and disabled pedestrians and women are at higher risk of being injured in a fall. Implications for policy and research are discussed.}}, | |
| pages = {96--104}, | |
| number = {Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Pract. 90 2016}, | |
| volume = {9} | |
| } | |
| @article{Roumen_1993, | |
| year = {1993}, | |
| keywords = {surgery}, | |
| title = {{Cytokine patterns in patients after major vascular surgery, hemorrhagic shock, and severe blunt trauma. Relation with subsequent adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure.}}, | |
| author = {Roumen, Rudi M. H. and Hendriks, Thijs and Ven-Jongekrijg, J. van der and Nieuwenhuijzen, Grard A. P. and Sauerwein, Robert W. and Sauerwein, Robert and Meer, J.W.M. van der and Goris, R.J.A. and Goris, R.J.A.}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Surgery}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/00000658-199312000-00011}, | |
| pmid = {8257227}, | |
| abstract = {{ObjectiveThis study investigates the course of serum cytokine levels in patients with multiple trauma, patients with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and patients undergoing elective AAA repair and the relationship of these cytokines to the development of adult respiratory distress syndro}}, | |
| note = {conflation of MOF and ARDS | |
| }, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Roumen-Cytokine%20patterns%20in%20patients%20after%20major%20vascular%20surgery,%20hemorrhagic%20shock,%20and%20severe%20blunt%20trauma.%20Relation%20with%20subsequent%20adult%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome%20and%20multiple%20organ%20failure--1993-Annals%20of%20Surgery_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Welch_1989_American_Journal_of_Physiology_Renal_Physiology, | |
| year = {1989}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Intrarenal vasoconstriction during hyperchloremia: role of thromboxane}}, | |
| author = {Bullivant, E M and Wilcox, C S and Welch, W J}, | |
| journal = {American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology}, | |
| pages = {F152 -- F157}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {256} | |
| } | |
| @book{Jr__2015_Springer_Series_in_Statistics, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Regression Modeling Strategies, With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic and Ordinal Regression, and Survival Analysis}}, | |
| author = {Jr., Frank E. Harrell ,}, | |
| isbn = {9783319194240}, | |
| series = {Springer Series in Statistics}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-19425-7}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Jr--Regression%20Modeling%20Strategies,%20With%20Applications%20to%20Linear%20Models,%20Logistic%20and%20Ordinal%20Regression,%20and%20Survival%20Analysis-2015-Springer%20Series%20in%20Statistics.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Eikelboom_2016_N_Engl_J_Med, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Effect of Short-Term vs. Long-Term Blood Storage on Mortality after Transfusion}}, | |
| author = {Heddle, N M and Cook, R J and Arnold, D M and Liu, Y and Barty, R and Crowther, M A and Devereaux, P J and Hirsh, J and Warkentin, T E and Webert, K E and Roxby, D and Sobieraj-Teague, M and Kurz, A and Sessler, D I and Figueroa, P and Ellis, M and Eikelboom, J W}, | |
| journal = {N Engl J Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1056/nejmoa1609014}, | |
| abstract = {{Background Randomized, controlled trials have suggested that the transfusion of blood after prolonged storage does not increase the risk of adverse outcomes among patients, although most of these trials were restricted to high-risk populations and were not powered to detect small but clinically important differences in mortality. We sought to find out whether the duration of blood storage would have an effect on mortality after transfusion in a general population of hospitalized patients. Methods In this pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial conducted at six hospitals in four countries, we randomly assigned patients who required a red-cell transfusion to receive blood that had been stored for the shortest duration (short-term storage group) or the longest duration (long-term storage group) in a 1:2 ratio. Only patients with type A or O blood were included in the primary analysis, since pilot data suggested that our goal of achieving a difference in the mean duration of blood storage of at least 10 days would not be possible with other blood types. Written informed consent was waived because all the patients received treatment consistent with the current standard of care. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, which was estimated by means of a logistic-regression model after adjustment for study center and patient blood type. Results From April 2012 through October 2015, a total of 31,497 patients underwent randomization. Of these patients, 6761 who did not meet all the enrollment criteria were excluded after randomization. The primary analysis included 20,858 patients with type A or O blood. Of these patients, 6936 were assigned to the short-term storage group and 13,922 to the long-term storage group. The mean storage duration was 13.0 days in the short-term storage group and 23.6 days in the long-term storage group. There were 634 deaths (9.1\%) in the short-term storage group and 1213 (8.7\%) in the long-term storage group (odds ratio, 1.05; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.16; P=0.34). When the analysis was expanded to include the 24,736 patients with any blood type, the results were similar, with rates of death of 9.1\% and 8.8\%, respectively (odds ratio, 1.04; 95\% CI, 0.95 to 1.14; P=0.38). Additional results were consistent in three prespecified high-risk subgroups (patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, those admitted to intensive care, and those with cancer). Conclusions Among patients in a general hospital population, there was no significant difference in the rate of death among those who underwent transfusion with the freshest available blood and those who underwent transfusion according to the standard practice of transfusing the oldest available blood. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; INFORM Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN08118744 .).}}, | |
| note = {Heddle, Nancy M | |
| Cook, Richard J | |
| Arnold, Donald M | |
| Liu, Yang | |
| Barty, Rebecca | |
| Crowther, Mark A | |
| Devereaux, P J | |
| Hirsh, Jack | |
| Warkentin, Theodore E | |
| Webert, Kathryn E | |
| Roxby, David | |
| Sobieraj-Teague, Magdalena | |
| Kurz, Andrea | |
| Sessler, Daniel I | |
| Figueroa, Priscilla | |
| Ellis, Martin | |
| Eikelboom, John W | |
| ENG | |
| 2016/10/25 06:00 | |
| N Engl J Med. 2016 Oct 24.}, | |
| month = {10} | |
| } | |
| @article{2007_Nature_Reviews_Cardiology, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Cardiac device infections: treatment and outcomes}}, | |
| journal = {Nature Reviews Cardiology}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/ncpcardio0948}, | |
| pages = {466 -- 467}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {4}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {09} | |
| } | |
| @article{Morris_2018_Annals_of_the_American_Thoracic_Society, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| keywords = {Adult,Aged,Chi-Square Distribution,Critical Care/methods/standards,Female,Humans,Intensive Care Units,Latent Class Analysis,Length of Stay/*statistics & numerical data,Logistic Models,Male,Middle Aged,Physical Therapy Modalities/standards,*Recovery of Function,Respiratory Insufficiency/*rehabilitation,Sex Factors,Subacute Care/methods/standards,Survivors/*statistics & numerical data,Time Factors,Survivors}, | |
| title = {{Physical Function Trajectories in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Failure}}, | |
| author = {Gandotra, Sheetal and Lovato, James and Case, Douglas and Bakhru, Rita N. and Gibbs, Kevin and Berry, Michael and Files, D. Clark and Morris, Peter E.}, | |
| journal = {Annals of the American Thoracic Society}, | |
| issn = {2329-6933}, | |
| doi = {10.1513/annalsats.201806-375oc}, | |
| pmid = {30571923}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30571923/}, | |
| abstract = {{Rationale: Survivorship from critical illness has improved; however, factors mediating the functional recovery of persons experiencing a critical illness remain incompletely understood. Objectives: To identify groups of acute respiratory failure (ARF) survivors with similar patterns of physical function recovery after discharge and to determine the characteristics associated with group membership in each physical function trajectory group. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, using group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct subgroups of patients with similar physical function recovery patterns after ARF. Chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to determine which variables were associated with trajectory membership. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables jointly associated with trajectory group membership. Results: A total of 260 patients enrolled in a trial evaluating standardized rehabilitation therapy in patients with ARF and discharged alive (NCT00976833) were included in this analysis. Physical function was quantified using the Short Physical Performance Battery at hospital discharge and 2, 4, and 6 months after enrollment. Latent class analysis of the Short Physical Performance Battery scores identified four trajectory groups. These groups differ in both the degree and rate of physical function recovery. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using covariates that have been previously identified in the literature as influencing recovery after critical illness. By multinomial logistic regression, age (P < 0.001), female sex (P = 0.001), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) (P = 0.003), and continuous intravenous sedation days (P = 0.004) were the variables that jointly influenced trajectory group membership. Participants in the trajectory demonstrating most rapid and complete functional recovery consisted of younger females with fewer continuous sedation days and a shorter LOS. The participant trajectory that failed to functionally recover consisted of older patients with greater sedation time and the longest LOS. Conclusions: We identified distinct trajectories of physical function recovery after critical illness. Age, sex, continuous sedation time, and ICU length of stay impact the trajectory of functional recovery after critical illness. Further examination of these groups may assist in clinical trial design to tailor interventions to specific subgroups.}}, | |
| pages = {471--477}, | |
| number = {4}, | |
| volume = {16}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Included" | RAYYAN-LABELS: ml} | |
| } | |
| @misc{injuryprevention_bmj_com, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| url = {http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/injuryprev/9/3/205.full.pdf}, | |
| urldate = {0} | |
| } | |
| @article{Cotton_2013_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Early resuscitation intensity as a surrogate for bleeding severity and early mortality in the PROMMTT study}}, | |
| author = {Rahbar, Elaheh and Fox, Erin E and Junco, Deborah J del and Harvin, John A and Holcomb, John B and Wade, Charles E and Schreiber, Martin A and Rahbar, Mohammad H and Bulger, Eileen M and Phelan, Herb A and Brasel, Karen J and Alarcon, Louis H and Myers, John G and Cohen, Mitchell J and Muskat, Peter and Cotton, Bryan A}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0b013e31828fa535}, | |
| pages = {S16 -- S23}, | |
| volume = {75}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{McNarry_2004_Br_J_Anaesth, | |
| year = {2004}, | |
| keywords = {NEWS}, | |
| title = {{Physiological abnormalities in early warning scores are related to mortality in adult inpatients}}, | |
| author = {Goldhill, D. R. and McNarry, A. F.}, | |
| journal = {Br J Anaesth}, | |
| issn = {0007-0912 (Print) 0007-0912}, | |
| doi = {10.1093/bja/aeh113}, | |
| pmid = {15064245}, | |
| abstract = {{Background. Early warning scores using physiological measurements may help identify ward patients who are, or who may become, critically ill. We studied the value of abnormal physiology scores to identify high‐risk hospital patients. Methods. On a single day we recorded the following data from 433 adult non‐obstetric inpatients: respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation, level of consciousness, urine output for catheterized patients, age and inspired oxygen. We also noted the care required and given. Results. Twenty‐six patients (6\%) died within 30 days. They were significantly older than survivors (P<0.001). Their median hospital stay was 26 days (interquartile range 16–39). Mortality increased with the number of physiological abnormalities (P<0.001), being 0.7\% with no abnormalities, 4.4\% with one, 9.2\% with two and 21.3\% with three or more. Patients receiving a lower level of care than desirable also had an increased mortality (P<0.01). Logistic regression modelling identified level of consciousness, heart rate, age, systolic pressure and respiratory rate as important variables in predicting outcome. Conclusions. Simple physiological observations identify high‐risk hospital inpatients. Those who die are often inpatients for days or weeks before death, allowing time for clinicians to intervene and potentially change outcome. Access to critical care beds could decrease mortality. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 882–4}}, | |
| pages = {882--4}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {92} | |
| } | |
| @book{Swinscow, | |
| title = {{Statistics at Square One}}, | |
| author = {Swinscow, T D V}, | |
| publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group} | |
| } | |
| @misc{Davenport_2007, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| title = {{ACIT-2: An observational study investigating the acute inflammatory, metabolic and genomic systemic responses in humans to severe injury and bleeding after major trauma}}, | |
| author = {Davenport, Ross}, | |
| url = {https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12962642}, | |
| abstract = {{Background and study aims Within minutes of injury, up to 25\% of badly injured patients display a change in their ability to make a blood clot. This change is called Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy (ATC). Patients who develop ATC also show changes in their immune system, which alter the body’s ability to fight off infections and heal itself. We now know that patients who develop ATC bleed more meaning they need more blood transfusions. Patients who develop ATC are also less likely to have a good recovery from their injury by developing multiple organ dysfunction and are more likely to die. | |
| It is hoped that the data and blood samples collected from patients in ACIT II will help us to understand the changes that happen in the body after injury that lead to the development of ATC and changes in the immune system. | |
| Who can participate? | |
| Trauma patients brought to the hospital in London’s air ambulance or those patients who require treatment by the trauma doctors on arrival in the emergency department. | |
| What does the study involve? | |
| All participants should be recruited within 2 hours of their injury. Data will be collected up to 28 days following injury. Blood samples will be collected during the first 72 hours and again at 7 days after injury to allow for blood clotting and immune cell measurements to be investigated. | |
| What are the possible benefits and risks of participating? | |
| Benefits – None | |
| Risks – Blood sampling is limited to some potential bruising at the site of venepuncture and some discomfort. | |
| Where is the study run from? | |
| 1. The Royal London Hospital (UK) | |
| 2. John Radcliffe Hospital (UK) | |
| 3. Royal Victoria Infirmary (UK) | |
| When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for? | |
| November 2007 to January 2037 | |
| Who is funding the study? | |
| National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (UK).}}, | |
| note = {ETHICS REF: 07/Q0603/29} | |
| } | |
| @article{DL_2021_Frontiers_in_neurology, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Brain,Recurrence,Brain Injuries}, | |
| title = {{Recurrent Traumatic Brain Injury Surveillance Using Administrative Health Data: A Bayesian Latent Class Analysis.}}, | |
| author = {O, Lasry and N, Dendukuri and J, Marcoux and DL, Buckeridge}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, | |
| issn = {1664-2295}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34054707/}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: The initial injury burden from incident TBI is significantly amplified by recurrent TBI (rTBI). Unfortunately, research assessing the accuracy to conduct rTBI surveillance is not available. Accurate surveillance information on recurrent injuries is needed to justify the allocation of resources to rTBI prevention and to conduct high quality epidemiological research on interventions that mitigate this injury burden. This study evaluates the accuracy of administrative health data (AHD) surveillance case definitions for rTBI and estimates the 1-year rTBI incidence adjusted for measurement error. Methods: A 25\% random sample of AHD for Montreal residents from 2000 to 2014 was used in this study. Four widely used TBI surveillance case definitions, based on the International Classification of Disease and on radiological exams of the head, were applied to ascertain suspected rTBI cases. Bayesian latent class models were used to estimate the accuracy of each case definition and the 1-year rTBI measurement-error-adjusted incidence without relying on a gold standard rTBI definition that does not exist, across children (<18 years), adults (18-64 years), and elderly (> =65 years). Results: The adjusted 1-year rTBI incidence was 4.48 (95\% CrI 3.42, 6.20) per 100 person-years across all age groups, as opposed to a crude estimate of 8.03 (95\% CrI 7.86, 8.21) per 100 person-years. Patients with higher severity index TBI had a significantly higher incidence of rTBI compared to patients with lower severity index TBI. The case definition that identified patients undergoing a radiological examination of the head in the context of any traumatic injury was the most sensitive across children [0.46 (95\% CrI 0.33, 0.61)], adults [0.79 (95\% CrI 0.64, 0.94)], and elderly [0.87 (95\% CrI 0.78, 0.95)]. The most specific case definition was the discharge abstract database in children [0.99 (95\% CrI 0.99, 1.00)], and emergency room visits claims in adults/elderly [0.99 (95\% CrI 0.99, 0.99)]. Median time to rTBI was the shortest in adults (75 days) and the longest in children (120 days). Conclusion: Conducting accurate surveillance and valid epidemiological research for rTBI using AHD is feasible when measurement error is accounted for.}}, | |
| pages = {664631}, | |
| volume = {12}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: tbi,latent class | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong outcome,wrong population,wrong study design} | |
| } | |
| @article{Naidech_2021_Neurocritical_Care, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{Identifying Modifiable Predictors of Patient Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Machine Learning}}, | |
| author = {Hall, Andrew N. and Weaver, Bradley and Liotta, Eric and Maas, Matthew B. and Faigle, Roland and Mroczek, Daniel K. and Naidech, Andrew M.}, | |
| journal = {Neurocritical Care}, | |
| issn = {1541-6933}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s12028-020-00982-8}, | |
| pmid = {32385834}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC7648730}, | |
| abstract = {{Demonstrating a benefit of acute treatment to patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) requires identifying which patients have a potentially modifiable outcome, where treatment could favorably shift a patient’s expected outcome. A decision rule for which patients have a modifiable outcome could improve the targeting of treatments. We sought to determine which patients with ICH have a modifiable outcome. Patients with ICH were prospectively identified at two institutions. Data on hematoma volumes, medication histories, and other variables of interest were collected. ICH outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), assessed at 14 days and 3 months after ICH, with “good outcome” defined as 0–3 (independence or better) and “poor outcome” defined as 4–6 (dependence or worse). Supervised machine learning models identified the best predictors of good versus poor outcomes at Institution 1. Models were validated using repeated fivefold cross-validation as well as testing on the entirely independent sample at Institution 2. Model fit was assessed with area under the ROC curve (AUC). Model performance at Institution 1 was strong for both 14-day (AUC of 0.79 [0.77, 0.81] for decision tree, 0.85 [0.84, 0.87] for random forest) and 3 month (AUC of 0.75 [0.73, 0.77] for decision tree, 0.82 [0.80, 0.84] for random forest) outcomes. Independent predictors of functional outcome selected by the algorithms as important included hematoma volume at hospital admission, hematoma expansion, intraventricular hemorrhage, overall ICH Score, and Glasgow Coma Scale. Hematoma expansion was the only potentially modifiable independent predictor of outcome and was compatible with “good” or “poor” outcome in a subset of patients with low hematoma volumes, good Glasgow Coma scale and premorbid modified Rankin Scale scores. Models trained on harmonized data also predicted patient outcomes well at Institution 2 using decision tree (AUC 0.69 [0.63, 0.75]) and random forests (AUC 0.78 [0.72, 0.84]). Patient outcomes are predictable to a high level in patients with ICH, and hematoma expansion is the sole-modifiable predictor of these outcomes across two outcome types and modeling approaches. According to decision tree analyses predicting outcome at 3 months, patients with a high Glasgow Coma Scale score, less than 44.5 mL hematoma volume at admission, and relatively low premorbid modified Rankin Score in particular have a modifiable outcome and appear to be candidates for future interventions to improve outcomes after ICH.}}, | |
| pages = {73--84}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {34} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mongan_2018_PLoS_medicine, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| keywords = {To Read}, | |
| title = {{Automated detection of moderate and large pneumothorax on frontal chest X-rays using deep convolutional neural networks: A retrospective study.}}, | |
| author = {Taylor, Andrew G and Mielke, Clinton and Mongan, John}, | |
| journal = {PLoS medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002697}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND:Pneumothorax can precipitate a life-threatening emergency due to lung collapse and respiratory or circulatory distress. Pneumothorax is typically detected on chest X-ray; however, treatment is reliant on timely review of radiographs. Since current imaging volumes may result in long worklists of radiographs awaiting review, an automated method of prioritizing X-rays with pneumothorax may reduce time to treatment. Our objective was to create a large human-annotated dataset of chest X-rays containing pneumothorax and to train deep convolutional networks to screen for potentially emergent moderate or large pneumothorax at the time of image acquisition. | |
| METHODS AND FINDINGS:In all, 13,292 frontal chest X-rays (3,107 with pneumothorax) were visually annotated by radiologists. This dataset was used to train and evaluate multiple network architectures. Images showing large- or moderate-sized pneumothorax were considered positive, and those with trace or no pneumothorax were considered negative. Images showing small pneumothorax were excluded from training. Using an internal validation set (n = 1,993), we selected the 2 top-performing models; these models were then evaluated on a held-out internal test set based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV). The final internal test was performed initially on a subset with small pneumothorax excluded (as in training; n = 1,701), then on the full test set (n = 1,990), with small pneumothorax included as positive. External evaluation was performed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) ChestX-ray14 set, a public dataset labeled for chest pathology based on text reports. All images labeled with pneumothorax were considered positive, because the NIH set does not classify pneumothorax by size. In internal testing, our "high sensitivity model" produced a sensitivity of 0.84 (95\% CI 0.78-0.90), specificity of 0.90 (95\% CI 0.89-0.92), and AUC of 0.94 for the test subset with small pneumothorax excluded. Our "high specificity model" showed sensitivity of 0.80 (95\% CI 0.72-0.86), specificity of 0.97 (95\% CI 0.96-0.98), and AUC of 0.96 for this set. PPVs were 0.45 (95\% CI 0.39-0.51) and 0.71 (95\% CI 0.63-0.77), respectively. Internal testing on the full set showed expected decreased performance (sensitivity 0.55, specificity 0.90, and AUC 0.82 for high sensitivity model and sensitivity 0.45, specificity 0.97, and AUC 0.86 for high specificity model). External testing using the NIH dataset showed some further performance decline (sensitivity 0.28-0.49, specificity 0.85-0.97, and AUC 0.75 for both). Due to labeling differences between internal and external datasets, these findings represent a preliminary step towards external validation. | |
| CONCLUSIONS:We trained automated classifiers to detect moderate and large pneumothorax in frontal chest X-rays at high levels of performance on held-out test data. These models may provide a high specificity screening solution to detect moderate or large pneumothorax on images collected when human review might be delayed, such as overnight. They are not intended for unsupervised diagnosis of all pneumothoraces, as many small pneumothoraces (and some larger ones) are not detected by the algorithm. Implementation studies are warranted to develop appropriate, effective clinician alerts for the potentially critical finding of pneumothorax, and to assess their impact on reducing time to treatment.}}, | |
| editor = {Saria, Suchi}, | |
| pages = {e1002697}, | |
| number = {11}, | |
| volume = {15}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Fr_hlich_2016, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{Which score should be used for posttraumatic multiple organ failure? - Comparison of the MODS, Denver- and SOFA- Scores}}, | |
| author = {Fröhlich, Matthias and Wafaisade, Arasch and Mansuri, Anastasios and Koenen, Paola and Probst, Christian and Maegele, Marc and Bouillon, Bertil and Sakka, Samir G.}, | |
| journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1186/s13049-016-0321-5}, | |
| pmid = {27809885}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC5094147}, | |
| abstract = {{Multiple organ dysfunction and multiple organ failure (MOF) is still a major complication and challenge in the treatment of severely injured patients. The incidence varies decisively in current studies, which complicates the comparability regarding risk factors, treatment recommendations and patients’ outcome. Therefore, we analysed how the currently used scoring systems, the MODS, Denver- and SOFA Score, influence the definition and compared the scores’ predictive ability. Out of datasets of severely injured patients (ISS ≥ 16, Age ≥ 16) staying more tha 48 h on the ICU, the scores were calculated, respectively. The scores’ predictive ability on day three after trauma for resource requiring measurements and patient specific outcomes were compared using receiver-operating characteristics. One hundred seventy-six patients with a mean ISS 28 ± 13 could be included. MODS and SOFA score defined the incidence of MOF consistently (46.5 \% vs. 52.3 \%), while the Denver score defined MOF in 22.2 \%. The MODS outperformed Denver- and SOFA score in predicting mortality (area under the curve/AUC: 0.83 vs. 0.67 vs. 0.72), but was inferior predicting the length of stay (AUC 0.71 vs.0.80 vs.0.82) and a prolonged time on mechanical ventilation (AUC 0.75 vs. 0.81 vs. 0.84). MODS and SOFA score were comparably sensitive and the Denver score more specific in all analyses. All three scores have a comparable ability to predict the outcome in trauma patients including patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Either score could be favored depending weather a higher sensitivity or specificity is targeted. The SOFA score showed the most balanced relation of sensitivity and specificity. The incidence of posttraumatic MOF relies decisively on the score applied. Therefore harmonizing the competing scores and definitions is desirable.}}, | |
| pages = {130}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {24}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Fröhlich-Which%20score%20should%20be%20used%20for%20posttraumatic%20multiple%20organ%20failure-%20-%20Comparison%20of%20the%20MODS,%20Denver-%20and%20SOFA-%20Scores-2016-Scandinavian%20Journal%20of%20Trauma,%20Resuscitation%20and%20Emergency%20Medicine_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @misc{England_2022, | |
| year = {2022}, | |
| title = {{Health Profile for England 2021}}, | |
| author = {England, Public Health}, | |
| url = {https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/static-reports/health-profile-for-england/hpfe\_report.html}, | |
| urldate = {2023-01-19}, | |
| abstract = {{The fourth annual profile combining data and knowledge with information from other sources to give a broad picture of the health of people in England in 2021.}}, | |
| month = {9}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Health%20Profile%20for%20England%202021%20-%20fingertips.phe.org.uk_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Holcomb_2006_The_Journal_of_Trauma__Injury, | |
| year = {2006}, | |
| title = {{Heart Rate Variability and Its Association with Mortality in Prehospital Trauma Patients}}, | |
| author = {Cooke, William H. and Salinas, Jose and Convertino, Victor A. and Ludwig, David A. and Hinds, Denise and Duke, James H. and Moore, Fredrick A. and Holcomb, John B.}, | |
| journal = {The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0022-5282}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/01.ta.0000196623.48952.0e}, | |
| pmid = {16508497}, | |
| abstract = {{Background: Accurate prehospital triage of trauma patients is difficult, especially in mass casualty situations. Accordingly, the U.S. Military has initiated a program directed toward improving noninvasive prehospital triage algorithms based on available physiologic data. The purpose of this study was to assess heart rate variability and its association with mortality in prehospital trauma patients. Methods: Trauma patients without significant head injury requiring helicopter transport were identified from a retrospective research database. An equal number, unmatched sample of patients who lived were compared with those who died (n \= 15 per group). All patients were transported to a single Level I urban trauma center. The primary independent variable was mortality. Patients with Abbreviated Injury Scale head scores >2 were excluded from the analysis, so that the effects seen were based on hemorrhagic shock. Age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS), blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse, intubation rate, SpO2, mechanism of injury, transport time, and time of death after admission were recorded. R-waves from the first available 120 seconds of usable data were detected from normal electrocardiograms and heart rate variability was assessed. Results: Patients who died demonstrated a lower GCS (7.9 ± 1.4 versus 14.4 ± 0.2; p \= 0.0001) and higher intubation rate (53\% of patients who died versus 0\% patients who lived). Pulse rate, arterial pressure, and SpO2 were not distinguishable statistically between groups (p \= 0.08), but pulse pressure was lower in patients who died (39 ± 3 versus 50 ± 2 mm Hg; p \= 0.01). Compared with patients who lived, those who died had lower normalized low-frequency (LF) power (42 ± 6 versus 62 ± 4 LFnu; p \= 0.009), higher high-frequency (HF) power (42 ± 3 versus 32 ± 3 HFnu; p \= 0.04) and higher HF-to-LF ratio (144 ± 30 versus 62 ± 11nu; p \= 0.01). With absolute HF/LF adjusted for GCS, the intergroup variance accounted for by HF/LF was reduced to 6\% (p \= 0.16). Conclusions: Analysis of heart rate variability provides insight into adequacy of autonomic compensation to severe trauma. In our cohort of trauma patients, low pulse pressures coupled with relatively higher parasympathetic than sympathetic modulation characterized and separated patients who died versus patients who survived traumatic injuries when standard physiologic measurements are not different. These data do not suggest advantages of heart rate variability analysis over GCS scores, but suggest future possibilities for remote noninvasive triage of casualties when GCS scores are unattainable.}}, | |
| pages = {363--370}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {60} | |
| } | |
| @article{Vodovotz_2016_Journal_of_Critical_Care, | |
| year = {2016}, | |
| title = {{Individual-specific principal component analysis of circulating inflammatory mediators predicts early organ dysfunction in trauma patients}}, | |
| author = {Namas, Rami A. and Almahmoud, Khalid and Mi, Qi and Ghuma, Ali and Namas, Rajaie and Zaaqoq, Akram and Zhu, Xiaoguang and Abdul-Malak, Othman and Sperry, Jason and Zamora, Ruben and Billiar, Timothy R. and Vodovotz, Yoram}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Critical Care}, | |
| issn = {0883-9441}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.07.002}, | |
| pmid = {27546764}, | |
| abstract = {{ Purpose We hypothesized that early inflammation can drive, or impact, later multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), that patient-specific principal component analysis (PCA) of circulating inflammatory mediators could reveal conserved dynamic responses which would not be apparent from the unprocessed data, and that this computational approach could segregate trauma patients with regard to subsequent MODS. Methods From a cohort of 472 blunt trauma survivors, 2 separate subcohorts of moderately/severely injured patients were studied. Multiple inflammatory mediators were assessed in serial blood samples in the first 24 hours postinjury. PCA of these time course data was used to derive patient-specific “inflammation barcodes,” followed by hierarchical clustering to define patient subgroups. To define the generalizability of this approach, 2 different but overlapping Luminex kits were used. Results PCA/hierarchical clustering of 24-hour Luminex data segregated the patients into 2 groups that differed significantly in their Marshall multiple organ dysfunction score on subsequent days, independently of the specific set of inflammatory mediators analyzed. Multiple inflammatory mediators and their dynamic networks were significantly different in the 2 groups in both patient cohorts, demonstrating that the groups were defined based on “core” early responses exhibit truly different dynamic inflammatory trajectories. Conclusion Identification of patient-specific “core responses” can lead to early segregation of diverse trauma patients with regard to later MODS. Hence, we suggest that a focus on dynamic inflammatory networks rather than individual biomarkers is warranted.}}, | |
| pages = {146--153}, | |
| volume = {36}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Namas-Individual-specific%20principal%20component%20analysis%20of%20circulating%20inflammatory%20mediators%20predicts%20early%20organ%20dysfunction%20in%20trauma%20patients-2016-Journal%20of%20Critical%20Care.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Dugas_2011_British_Journal_of_Sports_Medicine, | |
| year = {2011}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Beliefs about hydration and physiology drive drinking behaviours in runners}}, | |
| author = {Winger, J M and Dugas, J P and Dugas, L R}, | |
| journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2010.075275}, | |
| url = {https://www.researchgate.net/}, | |
| pages = {646 -- 649}, | |
| number = {8}, | |
| volume = {45}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{Stein_2015_Transfusion_Medicine_and_Hemotherapy, | |
| year = {2015}, | |
| title = {{Evidence Base for Restrictive Transfusion Triggers in High-Risk Patients}}, | |
| author = {Spahn, Donat R. and Spahn, Gabriela H. and Stein, Philipp}, | |
| journal = {Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy}, | |
| issn = {1660-3796}, | |
| doi = {10.1159/000381509}, | |
| pmid = {26019706}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC4439795}, | |
| abstract = {{Liberal versus restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion triggers have been debated for years. This review illustrates the human body's physiologic response to acute anemia and summarizes the evidence from prospective randomized trials (RCTs) for restrictive use of RBC transfusions in high-risk patients. During progressive anemia, the human body maintains the oxygen delivery to the tissues by an increase in cardiac output and peripheral oxygen extraction. Seven RCTs with a total of 5,566 high-risk patients compared a restrictive hemoglobin (Hb) transfusion trigger (Hb < 70 or < 80 g/l) with a liberal Hb transfusion trigger (Hb < 90 or < 100 g/l). Unanimously these studies show non-inferiority, safety, and a significant reduction in RBC transfusions in the restrictive groups. In one RCT mortality was higher in the liberal Hb transfusion group, and in two additional RCTs mortality of subgroups or after risk adjustment was significantly higher in the liberal Hb transfusion trigger groups. Conclusion: Strong RCT evidence suggests the safety of restrictive transfusion triggers. As a consequence, an Hb transfusion trigger of <70 g/l is recommended for high risk patients.}}, | |
| pages = {110--114}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {42} | |
| } | |
| @article{sjb, | |
| title = {{[Hadley\_Wickham.]\_Advanced\_R(z-lib.org).pdf}}, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{Saadia_1999, | |
| year = {1999}, | |
| title = {{Multiple organ failure. How valid is the "two hit" model?}}, | |
| author = {Saadia, R and Schein, M}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Accident \& Emergency Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1351-0622}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emj.16.3.163}, | |
| pmid = {10353038}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC1343323}, | |
| abstract = {{Inflammatory "one hit" and "two hit" models have recently been proposed to account for the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) in trauma and critically ill surgical patients when no source of infection can be found. In the "one hit" model, the initial insult is so massive that a systemic inflammatory response syndrome is triggered and leads rapidly to MOF. In the "two hit" scenario, initially less severely injured patients eventually develop MOF as a result of a reactivation of their inflammatory response caused by an adverse and often minor intercurrent event. At first sight, the theory is attractive because it seems to fit commonly observed clinical patterns. Indeed, injured patients often respond to initial resuscitation but, after an insult of some sort, develop organ dysfunction and die. The "two hit" model is furthermore mirrored at the cellular level. Inflammatory cells are indeed susceptible of being primed by an initial stimulus and reactivated subsequently by a relatively innocuous insult. However, in the absence of clinical and biological corroboration based on cytokine secretion patterns, these models should not be accepted uncritically.}}, | |
| pages = {163}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {16}, | |
| note = {discussion of the two hit m0del but distinct lack of evidence. some evidence that inflammation remains local and does not systemically prime patients. }, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Saadia-Multiple%20organ%20failure.%20How%20valid%20is%20the%20-two%20hit-%20model--1999-Emergency%20Medicine%20Journal_1.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Farthing_1998_Gastroenterology, | |
| year = {1998}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Enhancing clinical efficacy of oral rehydration therapy: Is low osmolality the key?}}, | |
| author = {Thillainayagam, Andrew V and Hunt, John B and Farthing, Michael J G}, | |
| journal = {Gastroenterology}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70647-x}, | |
| abstract = {{Many empirical clinical trials have used complex carbohydrate as substrate in oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) instead of glucose and have shown a number of important clinical benefits. Foremost among these are reduced stool volumes, shorter duration of diarrheal illness, and lower ORS intake. The underlying mechanisms to explain this clinical advantage have not been fully established, but a number of possible factors have been proposed: (1) increased substrate availability, (2) a “kinetic advantage” for glucose absorption by glucose polymer, (3) differential handling of glucose monomer and polymer by the small intestine, (4) low osmolality, (5) a separate effect of peptides and amino acids on solute-linked sodium absorption, (6) an antisecretory moiety in rice, and (6) enhanced mucosal repair and regeneration by luminal nutrients. In this report, we assess the relative contribution of these factors using evidence from laboratory-based studies, mainly in disease-related intestinal perfusion systems in animals and humans, and the relevant clinical studies available to date. We advance the hypothesis that of all the possible mechanisms proposed to underlie the enhanced clinical efficacy of complex carbohydrate ORSs, their hypotonicity plays the dominant role. If confirmed, this concept could guide future development of glucose and complex carbohydrate-based ORSs. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;114:197-210}}, | |
| pages = {197 -- 210}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {114} | |
| } | |
| @article{z1g, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{<Draft\_IV\_Guideline2002.pdf>}} | |
| } | |
| @article{McNutt_2009_Annals_of_Emergency_Medicine, | |
| year = {2009}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Patient Satisfaction as a Function of Emergency Department Previsit Expectations}}, | |
| author = {Toma, G and Triner, W and McNutt, L A}, | |
| journal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.01.024}, | |
| pages = {360 -- 367.e6}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {54}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {09} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hillman_1985_Anaesthesia, | |
| year = {1985}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The end of the crystalloid era? A new approach to peri-operative fluid administration.}}, | |
| author = {Twigley, A J and Hillman, K M}, | |
| journal = {Anaesthesia}, | |
| abstract = {{The metabolic response to surgery causes sodium and water retention. It does not seem logical to pour crystalloid solutions into patients in the peri-operative period, particularly when these solutions can cause deterioration in lung function. Plasma volume must be maintained to prevent a decreased blood flow to vital organs such as the kidneys. Blood or colloid solutions, not crystalloid solutions, should be used for this purpose, since the latter are distributed throughout the whole extracellular space and are less effective in maintaining plasma volume. Water given as 5\% dextrose should be given in minimal quantities to maintain intracellular hydration. Patients undergoing minor to moderate surgery when they are likely to be drinking within 24 hours do not usually require any intravenous infusion. Moreover, to administer intravenous fluids to these patients may cause harm. No fluid regimens should be inflexible and the patient's size, age and fluid losses should be taken into account.}}, | |
| pages = {860 -- 871}, | |
| number = {9}, | |
| volume = {40}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{Qiu_2024_Frontiers_in_Artificial_Intelligence, | |
| year = {2024}, | |
| title = {{Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning for mortality prediction in patients with sepsis}}, | |
| author = {He, Bihua and Qiu, Zheng}, | |
| journal = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, | |
| doi = {10.3389/frai.2024.1348907}, | |
| abstract = {{Sepsis is a leading cause of death. However, there is a lack of useful model to predict outcome in sepsis. Herein, the aim of this study was to develop an explainable machine learning (ML) model for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis based on Sepsis 3.0 criteria. We obtained the data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database (version 1.4). The overall data was randomly assigned to the training and testing sets at a ratio of 3:1. Following the application of LASSO regression analysis to identify the modeling variables, we proceeded to develop models using Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) techniques with 5-fold cross-validation. The optimal model was selected based on its area under the curve (AUC). Finally, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was used to interpret the optimal model. A total of 5,834 septic adults were enrolled, the median age was 66 years (IQR, 54–78 years) and 2,342 (40.1\%) were women. After feature selection, 14 variables were included for developing model in the training set. The XGBoost model (AUC: 0.806) showed superior performance with AUC, compared with RF (AUC: 0.794), LR (AUC: 0.782) and SVM model (AUC: 0.687). SHAP summary analysis for XGBoost model showed that urine output on day 1, age, blood urea nitrogen and body mass index were the top four contributors. SHAP dependence analysis demonstrated insightful nonlinear interactive associations between factors and outcome. SHAP force analysis provided three samples for model prediction. In conclusion, our study successfully demonstrated the efficacy of ML models in predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis patients, while highlighting the potential of the SHAP method to enhance model transparency and aid in clinical decision-making.}}, | |
| pages = {1348907}, | |
| volume = {7} | |
| } | |
| @article{Mathur_2023_PLOS_Medicine, | |
| year = {2023}, | |
| title = {{Ethnic differences in early onset multimorbidity and associations with health service use, long-term prescribing, years of life lost, and mortality: A cross-sectional study using clustering in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink}}, | |
| author = {Eto, Fabiola and Samuel, Miriam and Henkin, Rafael and Mahesh, Meera and Ahmad, Tahania and Angdembe, Alisha and McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish and Missier, Paolo and Reynolds, Nick J. and Barnes, Michael R. and Hull, Sally and Finer, Sarah and Mathur, Rohini}, | |
| journal = {PLOS Medicine}, | |
| issn = {1549-1277}, | |
| doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1004300}, | |
| pmid = {37889900}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC10610074}, | |
| abstract = {{The population prevalence of multimorbidity (the existence of at least 2 or more long-term conditions [LTCs] in an individual) is increasing among young adults, particularly in minority ethnic groups and individuals living in socioeconomically deprived areas. In this study, we applied a data-driven approach to identify clusters of individuals who had an early onset multimorbidity in an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population. We identified associations between clusters and a range of health outcomes. Using linked primary and secondary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (CPRD GOLD), we conducted a cross-sectional study of 837,869 individuals with early onset multimorbidity (aged between 16 and 39 years old when the second LTC was recorded) registered with an English general practice between 2010 and 2020. The study population included 777,906 people of White ethnicity (93\%), 33,915 people of South Asian ethnicity (4\%), and 26,048 people of Black African/Caribbean ethnicity (3\%). A total of 204 LTCs were considered. Latent class analysis stratified by ethnicity identified 4 clusters of multimorbidity in White groups and 3 clusters in South Asian and Black groups. We found that early onset multimorbidity was more common among South Asian (59\%, 33,915) and Black (56\% 26,048) groups compared to the White population (42\%, 777,906). Latent class analysis revealed physical and mental health conditions that were common across all ethnic groups (i.e., hypertension, depression, and painful conditions). However, each ethnic group also presented exclusive LTCs and different sociodemographic profiles: In White groups, the cluster with the highest rates/odds of the outcomes was predominantly male (54\%, 44,150) and more socioeconomically deprived than the cluster with the lowest rates/odds of the outcomes. On the other hand, South Asian and Black groups were more socioeconomically deprived than White groups, with a consistent deprivation gradient across all multimorbidity clusters. At the end of the study, 4\% (34,922) of the White early onset multimorbidity population had died compared to 2\% of the South Asian and Black early onset multimorbidity populations (535 and 570, respectively); however, the latter groups died younger and lost more years of life. The 3 ethnic groups each displayed a cluster of individuals with increased rates of primary care consultations, hospitalisations, long-term prescribing, and odds of mortality. Study limitations include the exclusion of individuals with missing ethnicity information, the age of diagnosis not reflecting the actual age of onset, and the exclusion of people from Mixed, Chinese, and other ethnic groups due to insufficient power to investigate associations between multimorbidity and health-related outcomes in these groups. These findings emphasise the need to identify, prevent, and manage multimorbidity early in the life course. Our work provides additional insights into the excess burden of early onset multimorbidity in those from socioeconomically deprived and diverse groups who are disproportionately and more severely affected by multimorbidity and highlights the need to ensure healthcare improvements are equitable.}}, | |
| pages = {e1004300}, | |
| number = {10}, | |
| volume = {20}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Eto-Ethnic%20differences%20in%20early%20onset%20multimorbidity%20and%20associations%20with%20health%20service%20use,%20long-term%20prescribing,%20years%20of%20life%20lost,%20and%20mortality-%20A%20cross-sectional%20study%20using%20clustering%20in%20the%20UK%20Clinical%20Practice%20Research%20Datalink-2023-P.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Gremse_1995_Journal_of_Pediatric_Gastroenterology_and_Nutrition, | |
| year = {1995}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Effectiveness of Nasogastric Rehydration in Hospitalized Children with Acute Diarrhea}}, | |
| author = {Gremse, David A}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition}, | |
| abstract = {{Summary: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends oral rehydration and early refeeding for management of infants with diarrhea and mild to moderate dehydration. However, intravenous rehydration is still widely used for treatment of infants hospitalized for dehydration. The administration of oral rehydration solution via continuous infusion through a nasogastric tube facilitates its delivery in hospitalized children. The purpose of this study is to compare intravenous and nasogastric rehydration in children hospitalized for mild to moderate dehydration. Infants who failed attempts at oral rehydration and were hospitalized for dehydration due to acute diarrheal illness were randomized to receive intravenous or nasogastric rehydration. Following rehydration, infants received soy formula and a maintenance oral electrolyte solution to replace ongoing stool losses, as directed by the attending physician. Patients were discharged from the hospital once oral feeding was tolerated, and the vomiting and diarrhea resolved. Twenty-four patients, from 2 to 19 months of age, were enrolled in the study. Rehydration was successful in 11 of 12 patients in the nasogastric rehydration group and in all 12 patients who received intravenous rehydration. The degree of dehydration, severity of vomiting and diarrhea, and duration of rehydration were similar in both groups. The duration and cost of hospitalization were less for patients receiving nasogastric rehydration compared to those who were rehydrated intravenously. Rehydration by infusion of oral rehydration solution via a nasogastric tube is a safe and effective treatment for infants with mild to moderate dehydration. Rehydration with infusion of oral rehydration solution through a nasogastric tube should be considered for in-patient management of infants with diarrhea. (C) Lippincott-Raven Publishers.}}, | |
| pages = {145 -- 148}, | |
| number = {2}, | |
| volume = {21} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lord_2019_Scientific_Data, | |
| year = {2019}, | |
| title = {{Machine learning for the detection of early immunological markers as predictors of multi-organ dysfunction}}, | |
| author = {Bravo-Merodio, Laura and Acharjee, Animesh and Hazeldine, Jon and Bentley, Conor and Foster, Mark and Gkoutos, Georgios V and Lord, Janet M}, | |
| journal = {Scientific Data}, | |
| doi = {10.1038/s41597-019-0337-6}, | |
| pmid = {31857590}, | |
| abstract = {{The immune response to major trauma has been analysed mainly within post-hospital admission settings where the inflammatory response is already underway and the early drivers of clinical outcome cannot be readily determined. Thus, there is a need to better understand the immediate immune response to injury and how this might influence important patient outcomes such as multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In this study, we have assessed the immune response to trauma in 61 patients at three different post-injury time points (ultra-early (<=1 h), 4–12 h, 48–72 h) and analysed relationships with the development of MODS. We developed a pipeline using Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and Elastic Net feature selection methods that were able to identify 3 physiological features (decrease in neutrophil CD62L and CD63 expression and monocyte CD63 expression and frequency) as possible biomarkers for MODS development. After univariate and multivariate analysis for each feature alongside a stability analysis, the addition of these 3 markers to standard clinical trauma injury severity scores yields a Generalized Liner Model (GLM) with an average Area Under the Curve value of 0.92 ± 0.06. This performance provides an 8\% improvement over the Probability of Survival (PS14) outcome measure and a 13\% improvement over the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) for identifying patients at risk of MODS.}}, | |
| pages = {328}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {6}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Bravo-Merodio-Machine%20learning%20for%20the%20detection%20of%20early%20immunological%20markers%20as%20predictors%20of%20multi-organ%20dysfunction-2019-Scientific%20Data.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Doig_2005_Intensive_Care_Med, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Parenteral vs. enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle.}}, | |
| author = {Simpson, Fiona and Doig, Gordon Stuart}, | |
| journal = {Intensive Care Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/s00134-004-2511-2}, | |
| abstract = {{OBJECTIVE:Controversy surrounds the use of parenteral nutrition in critical illness. Previous overviews used composite scales to identify high-quality trials, which may mask important differences in true methodological quality. Using a component-based approach this meta-analysis investigated the effect of trial quality on overall conclusions reached when standard enteral nutrition is compared to standard parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients. | |
| METHODS:An extensive literature search was undertaken to identify all eligible trials. We retrieved 465 publications, and 11 qualified for inclusion. Nine trials presented complete follow-up, allowing the conduct of an intention to treat analysis. | |
| RESULTS:Aggregation revealed a mortality benefit in favour of parenteral nutrition, with no heterogeneity. A priori specified subgroup analysis demonstrated the presence of a potentially important treatment-subgroup interaction between studies of parenteral vs. early enteral nutrition compared to parenteral vs. late enteral. Six trials with complete follow-up reported infectious complications. Infectious complications were increased with parenteral use. The I(2) measure of heterogeneity was 37.7\%. | |
| CONCLUSIONS:Intention to treat trials demonstrated reduced mortality associated with parenteral nutrition use. A priori subgroup analysis attributed this reduction to trials comparing parenteral to delayed enteral nutrition. Despite an association with increased infectious complications, a grade B+ evidence-based recommendation (level II trials, no heterogeneity) can be generated for parenteral nutrition use in patients in whom enteral nutrition cannot be initiated within 24 h of ICU admission or injury.}}, | |
| pages = {12 -- 23}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {31}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @article{3oe, | |
| author = {} | |
| } | |
| @article{MacDonald_2005_American_Journal_of_Physiology_Heart_and_Circulatory_Physiology, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| title = {{Mapping of the functional microcirculation in vital organs using contrast-enhanced in vivo video microscopy}}, | |
| author = {Varghese, Hemanth J. and MacKenzie, Lisa T. and Groom, Alan C. and Ellis, Christopher G. and Chambers, Ann F. and MacDonald, Ian C.}, | |
| journal = {American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology}, | |
| issn = {0363-6135}, | |
| doi = {10.1152/ajpheart.01022.2003}, | |
| pmid = {15388500}, | |
| abstract = {{A functional microcirculation is vital to the survival of mammalian tissues. In vivo video microscopy is often used in animal models to assess microvascular function, providing real-time observation of blood flow in normal and diseased tissues. To extend the capabilities of in vivo video microscopy, we have developed a contrast-enhanced system with postprocessing video analysis tools that permit quantitative assessment of microvascular geometry and function in vital organs and tissues. FITC-labeled dextran (250 kDa) was injected intravenously into anesthetized mice to provide intravascular fluorescence contrast with darker red blood cell (RBC) motion. Digitized video images of microcirculation in a variety of internal organs (e.g., lung, liver, ovary, and kidney) were processed using computer-based motion correction to remove background respiratory and cardiac movement. Stabilized videos were analyzed to generate a series of functional images revealing microhemodynamic parameters, such as plasma perfusion, RBC perfusion, and RBC supply rate. Fluorescence contrast revealed characteristic microvascular arrangements within different organs, and images generated from video sequences of liver metastases showed a marked reduction in the proportion of tumor vessels that were functional. Analysis of processed video sequences showed large reductions in vessel volume, length, and branch-point density, with a near doubling in vessel segment length. This study demonstrates that postprocessing of fluorescence contrast video sequences of the microcirculation can provide quantitative images useful for studies in a wide range of model systems.}}, | |
| pages = {H185--H193}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {288} | |
| } | |
| @article{2018_2018_Mass_Medical_Soc, | |
| year = {2018}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Facing the Shortage of IV Fluids—A Hospital-Based Oral Rehydration Strategy}}, | |
| author = {Patiño, A M and Marsh, R H and of, EJ Nilles England Journal and 2018}, | |
| journal = {Mass Medical Soc}, | |
| doi = {10.1056/nejmp1801772}, | |
| abstract = {{Facing the Shortage of IV Fluids Emergency departments are substantial consumers of IV fluids, so in the face of the worsened US saline shortage, a hospital ED team developed an oral rehydration protocol for patients with mild dehydration that has since been adopted hospital-wide.}}, | |
| pages = {1475 -- 1477}, | |
| number = {16}, | |
| volume = {378}, | |
| language = {English}, | |
| month = {04} | |
| } | |
| @article{Efron_2014_Journal_of_Trauma_and_Acute_Care_Surgery, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| title = {{Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome after severe blunt trauma}}, | |
| author = {Vanzant, Erin L. and Lopez, Cecilia M. and Ozrazgat-Baslanti, Tezcan and Ungaro, Ricardo and Davis, Ruth and Cuenca, Alex G. and Gentile, Lori F. and Nacionales, Dina C. and Cuenca, Angela L. and Bihorac, Azra and Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan and Lanz, Jennifer and Baker, Henry V. and McKinley, Bruce and Moldawer, Lyle L. and Moore, Frederick A. and Efron, Philip A.}, | |
| journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery}, | |
| issn = {2163-0755}, | |
| doi = {10.1097/ta.0b013e3182ab1ab5}, | |
| pmid = {24368353}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND We recently proffered that a new syndrome persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) has replaced late multiple-organ failure as a predominant phenotype of chronic critical illness. Our goal was to validate this by determining whether severely injured trauma patients with complicated outcomes have evidence of PICS at the genomic level. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of the Inflammation and Host Response to Injury database of adults with severe blunt trauma. Patients were classified into complicated, intermediate, and uncomplicated clinical trajectories. Existing genomic microarray data were compared between cohorts using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. Epidemiologic data and outcomes were also analyzed between cohorts on admission, Day 7, and Day 14. RESULTS Complicated patients were older, were sicker, and required increased ventilator days compared with the intermediate\/uncomplicated patients. They also had persistent leukocytosis as well as low lymphocyte and albumin levels compared with uncomplicated patients. Total white blood cell leukocyte analysis in complicated patients showed that overall genome-wide expression patterns and those patterns on Days 7 and 14 were more aberrant from control subjects than were patterns from uncomplicated patients. Complicated patients also had significant down-regulation of adaptive immunity and up-regulation of inflammatory genes on Days 7 and 14 (vs. magnitude in fold change compared with control and in magnitude compared with uncomplicated patients). On Day 7, complicated patients had significant changes in functional pathways involved in the suppression of myeloid cell differentiation, increased inflammation, decreased chemotaxis, and defective innate immunity compared with uncomplicated patients and controls. Subset analysis of monocyte, neutrophil, and T-cells supported these findings. CONCLUSION Genomic analysis of patients with complicated clinical outcomes exhibit persistent genomic expression changes consistent with defects in the adaptive immune response and increased inflammation. Clinical data showed persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and protein depletion. Overall, the data support the hypothesis that patients with complicated clinical outcomes are exhibiting PICS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III.}}, | |
| pages = {21--30}, | |
| number = {1}, | |
| volume = {76}, | |
| keywords = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Vanzant-Persistent%20inflammation,%20immunosuppression,%20and%20catabolism%20syndrome%20after%20severe%20blunt%20trauma-2014-Journal%20of%20Trauma%20and%20Acute%20Care%20Surgery.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @phdthesis{ylb, | |
| title = {{CHARACTERISING FACTORS PREDICTIVE OF INFECTION IN SEVERELY INJURED PATIENTS}}, | |
| author = {Cole, Elaine}, | |
| institution = {QMUL}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/Cole,%20Elaine%20020215.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{9n, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2009\_Book\_Robotics.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2009_Book_Robotics.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Oearsakul_2021_Chinese_Journal_of_Traumatology, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| title = {{Application of machine learning to predict the outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury}}, | |
| author = {Tunthanathip, Thara and Oearsakul, Thakul}, | |
| journal = {Chinese Journal of Traumatology}, | |
| issn = {1008-1275}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.06.003}, | |
| pmid = {34284922}, | |
| pmcid = {PMC8606603}, | |
| abstract = {{Purpose Traumatic brain injury (TBI) generally causes mortality and disability, particularly in children. Machine learning (ML) is a computer algorithm, applied as a clinical prediction tool. The present study aims to assess the predictability of ML for the functional outcomes of pediatric TBI. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed targeting children with TBI who were admitted to the trauma center of southern Thailand between January 2009 and July 2020. The patient was excluded if he/she (1) did not undergo a CT scan of the brain, (2) died within the first 24 h, (3) had unavailable complete medical records during admission, or (4) was unable to provide updated outcomes. Clinical and radiologic characteristics were collected such as vital signs, Glasgow coma scale score, and characteristics of intracranial injuries. The functional outcome was assessed using the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury, which was thus dichotomized into favourable outcomes and unfavourable outcomes: good recovery and moderate disability were categorized as the former, whereas death, vegetative state, and severe disability were categorized as the latter. The prognostic factors were estimated using traditional binary logistic regression. By data splitting, 70\% of data were used for training the ML models and the remaining 30\% were used for testing the ML models. The supervised algorithms including support vector machines, neural networks, random forest, logistic regression, naive Bayes and k-nearest neighbor were performed for training of the ML models. Therefore, the ML models were tested for the predictive performances by the testing datasets. Results There were 828 patients in the cohort. The median age was 72 months (interquartile range 104.7 months, range 2–179 months). Road traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury, accounting for 68.7\%. At hospital discharge, favourable outcomes were achieved in 97.0\% of patients, while the mortality rate was 2.2\%. Glasgow coma scale score, hypotension, pupillary light reflex, and subarachnoid haemorrhage were associated with TBI outcomes following traditional binary logistic regression; hence, the 4 prognostic factors were used for building ML models and testing performance. The support vector machine model had the best performance for predicting pediatric TBI outcomes: sensitivity 0.95, specificity 0.60, positive predicted value 0.99, negative predictive value 1.0; accuracy 0.94, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.78. Conclusion The ML algorithms of the present study have a high sensitivity; therefore they have the potential to be screening tools for predicting functional outcomes and counselling prognosis in general practice of pediatric TBIs.}}, | |
| pages = {350--355}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {24} | |
| } | |
| @article{Smith_2017_Emergency_medicine_journal___EMJ, | |
| year = {2017}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{49 Paediatric traumatic cardiac arrest - the development of a treatment algorithm.}}, | |
| author = {Vassallo, James and Nutbeam, Tim and Rickard, Annette and Lyttle, Mark and Smith, Jason}, | |
| journal = {Emergency medicine journal : EMJ}, | |
| doi = {10.1136/emermed-2017-207308.49}, | |
| abstract = {{INTRODUCTION:Paediatric Traumatic Cardiac Arrest (TCA) is a high acuity, low frequency event with fewer than 15 cases reported per year to the Trauma Audit Research Network (TARN). Traditionally survival from TCA has been reported as low, with some believing resuscitation is futile. Within the adult population there is growing evidence to suggest that with early and aggressive correction of reversible causes, survival from TCA may be comparable to that seen from medical out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Key to this survival has been the adoption of a standardised approach to resuscitation.The aim of this study was, by a process of consensus, to develop a national, standardised algorithm for the management of paediatric TCA. | |
| METHODS:A modified consensus development meeting was held. Statements discussed in the meeting were drawn from those that did not reach consensus (positive/negative) from a linked three round online Delphi study. Those participants completing the first round of the Delphi study were invited to attend.19 statements relating to the diagnosis, management and futility of paediatric TCA were discussed in small groups. After five minutes the key points from the small groups were presented to the whole audience. Subsequently, using electronic voting devices, each participant anonymously recorded their agreement with the statement using 'yes', 'no' or 'don't know'. In keeping with our Delphi study, consensus was seta prioriat 70\%. Statements reaching consensus were included in the proposed algorithm. | |
| RESULTS:41 participants attended the consensus development meeting. Of the 19 statements discussed, 13 reached positive consensus and were included in the algorithm. A single statement regarding initial rescue breaths reached negative consensus and was excluded. Consensus was not reached for five statements, including the use of vasopressors and thoracotomy for haemorrhage control in blunt trauma. The proposed algorithm for the management of paediatric TCA is shown as Figures 1 and 2 for blunt and penetrating trauma respectively.emermed;34/12/A892-b/F1F1F1Figure 1emermed;34/12/A892-b/F2F2F2Figure 2 CONCLUSION: In attempt to standardise our approach to the management of paediatric TCA and to improve outcomes, we present the first algorithm specific to the paediatric population.}}, | |
| pages = {A892 -- A894}, | |
| number = {12}, | |
| volume = {34}, | |
| language = {English} | |
| } | |
| @book{Johnson_2013, | |
| year = {2013}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Applied predictive modeling}}, | |
| author = {Kuhn, M and Johnson, K}, | |
| isbn = {978-1-4614-6848-6}, | |
| abstract = {{This is a book on data analysis with a specific focus on the practice of predictive modeling. The term predictive modeling may stir associations such as machine learning, pattern recognition, and data mining. Indeed, these associations are appropriate and the methods …}}, | |
| urldate = {0}, | |
| publisher = {Springer New York}, | |
| doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6849-3} | |
| } | |
| @article{Lilly_2014_N_Engl_J_Med, | |
| year = {2014}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{The ProCESS trial--a new era of sepsis management}}, | |
| author = {Lilly, C M}, | |
| journal = {N Engl J Med}, | |
| doi = {10.1056/nejme1402564}, | |
| pages = {1750 -- 1751}, | |
| number = {18}, | |
| volume = {370}, | |
| note = {Lilly, Craig M | |
| eng | |
| Comment | |
| Editorial | |
| 2014/03/19 06:00 | |
| N Engl J Med. 2014 May 1;370(18):1750-1. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe1402564. Epub 2014 Mar 18.}, | |
| month = {05} | |
| } | |
| @article{bms, | |
| keywords = {book}, | |
| title = {{2015\_Book\_RegressionModelingStrategies.pdf}}, | |
| author = {}, | |
| local-url = {file://localhost/Users/jason/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Papers%20Library/2015_Book_RegressionModelingStrategies.pdf} | |
| } | |
| @article{Group_2012_Health_Psychology, | |
| year = {2012}, | |
| keywords = {unavailable}, | |
| title = {{Examining Physical Activity Trajectories for People With Spinal Cord Injury}}, | |
| author = {Sweet, Shane N and Ginis, Kathleen A Martin and Latimer-Cheung, Amy E and Group, The SHAPE-SCI Research}, | |
| journal = {Health Psychology}, | |
| issn = {0278-6133}, | |
| doi = {10.1037/a0027795}, | |
| pmid = {22429126}, | |
| abstract = {{Objective: It is crucial to understand long-term leisure time physical activity (LTPA) patterns of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) as the challenges of living with this disability heavily influence LTPA levels. The purpose of this study was to explore emerging LTPA patterns in a sample of persons with SCI over an 18-month period. In addition, the study aimed to investigate the influence of pressure ulcers, demographic variables, and theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs on the emerging LTPA trajectories. Method: Participants (N = 541) were enrolled in the SHAPE-SCI study and responded to questionnaires assessing LTPA, TPB constructs and demographic variables. Latent Class Growth Modeling was used to detect emerging LTPA patterns and to test the influence of important demographic and theoretical variables. Results: Four LTPA patterns emerged: inactive, increaser, decreaser, and stable active, representing 22\%, 14\%, 32\%, and 32\% of the sample, respectively. The presence of pressure ulcers resulted in a decline in LTPA among participants with a stable active trajectory. Finally, LTPA intentions were higher in all patterns compared to the inactive group. Injury severity, age, and years postinjury also distinguished the trajectories. Conclusion: Interventions should focus on increasing individuals' intentions and should be directed toward people who are older, have more severe injuries and have been injured for longer.}}, | |
| pages = {728--732}, | |
| number = {6}, | |
| volume = {31} | |
| } | |
| @article{Michell_2005_Research_in_Veterinary_Science, | |
| year = {2005}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Why has oral rehydration for calves and children diverged: Direct vs. indirect criteria of efficacy}}, | |
| author = {Michell, A R}, | |
| journal = {Research in Veterinary Science}, | |
| doi = {10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.04.007}, | |
| abstract = {{Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for acute diarrhoea has advanced in contrary directions in humans and animals; the unresolved question is whether this reflects species differences or a divergence in scientific outlook. This review suggests that the explanation lies in the fact that developments in veterinary ORT have the advantage of utilising more reliable criteria than those available from human patients. The dilemma for human ORT is that the validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are undermined when the underlying data only reflect crucial variables indirectly and unreliably. It is therefore possible that the approaches currently used to treat calves, which are radically different from those used by paediatricians, could potentially benefit children and the necessary additional research should be initiated. At a time when the value of animal models of human disease is frequently questioned, the benefits of being able to utilise disease models in the target species for clinical research deserve to be emphasised.}}, | |
| pages = {177 -- 181}, | |
| number = {3}, | |
| volume = {79} | |
| } | |
| @article{V_2021_Heart_rhythm, | |
| year = {2021}, | |
| keywords = {Lamin Type A,Lamin Type B,Lamins}, | |
| title = {{Use of machine learning to classify high-risk variants of uncertain significance in lamin A/C cardiac disease.}}, | |
| author = {JS, Bennett and DM, Gordon and U, Majumdar and PJ, Lawrence and A, Matos-Nieves and K, Myers and AN, Kamp and JC, Leonard and KL, McBride and P, White and V, Garg}, | |
| journal = {Heart rhythm}, | |
| issn = {1556-3871}, | |
| url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34958940/}, | |
| abstract = {{BACKGROUND: Variation in lamin A/C results in a spectrum of clinical disease, including arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. Benign variation is rare, and classification of LMNA missense variants via in silico prediction tools results in a high rate of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to use a machine learning (ML) approach for in silico prediction of LMNA pathogenic variation. METHODS: Genetic sequencing was performed on family members with conduction system disease, and patient cell lines were examined for LMNA expression. In silico predictions of conservation and pathogenicity of published LMNA variants were visualized with uniform manifold approximation and projection. K-means clustering was used to identify variant groups with similarly projected scores, allowing the generation of statistically supported risk categories. RESULTS: We discovered a novel LMNA variant (c.408C>A:p.Asp136Glu) segregating with conduction system disease in a multigeneration pedigree, which was reported as a VUS by a commercial testing company. Additional familial analysis and in vitro testing found it to be pathogenic, which prompted the development of an ML algorithm that used in silico predictions of pathogenicity for known LMNA missense variants. This identified 3 clusters of variation, each with a significantly different incidence of known pathogenic variants (38.8\%, 15.0\%, and 6.1\%). Three hundred thirty-nine of 415 head/rod domain variants (81.7\%), including p.Asp136Glu, were in clusters with highest proportions of pathogenic variants. CONCLUSION: An unsupervised ML method successfully identified clusters enriched for pathogenic LMNA variants including a novel variant associated with conduction system disease. Our ML method may assist in identifying high-risk VUS when familial testing is unavailable.}}, | |
| language = {eng}, | |
| note = {RAYYAN-INCLUSION: "Jason"=>"Excluded" | RAYYAN-LABELS: ml,k-mean,cluster,cardiology | RAYYAN-EXCLUSION-REASONS: wrong population} | |
| } | |
| @article{Hultman_2007_Journal_of_the_American_Geriatrics_Society, | |
| year = {2007}, | |
| rating = {0}, | |
| title = {{Hypodermoclysis to Treat Dehydration: A Review of the Evidence}}, | |
| author = {Remington, Ruth and Hultman, Todd}, | |
| journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, | |
| doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01437.x}, | |
| abstract = {{Dehydration is a serious acute condition in older adults associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hypodermoclysis (HDC; the infusion of fluids into the subcutaneous tissue) can provide an alternative to intravenous (IV) rehydration of older adults. This article reviews the relevant literature on the use of HDC to treat mild to moderate dehydration in older adults. A comprehensive search of the literature was conduc |
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