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March 9, 2026 00:42
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Argument framework for use in debate or general pros and cons comparison.
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| # ARGUMENT FRAMEWORK | |
| ═══════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| ## I. INTRODUCTION — SETUP | |
| ═══════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| Motion: "This house [should/believes/would]..." | |
| Stance: FOR or AGAINST | |
| Status Quo: What is the current state of affairs? What exists today | |
| that the motion seeks to change or preserve? | |
| Burden: What must this side prove to win? What is the minimum | |
| the audience needs to believe for the stance to hold? | |
| ### Framing | |
| Context: | |
| - Background and history the audience needs | |
| - Stakeholders: who is affected and in what capacity? | |
| - Scope: macro-level (systemic/structural) and | |
| micro-level (individual/lived experience) dimensions | |
| Definitions / Operationalizations: | |
| - Pin down every contested, technical, or ambiguous term | |
| - State what the motion does NOT cover (scope exclusions) | |
| Evaluation Criteria / Yardsticks: | |
| - By what standard(s) should we judge whether the motion | |
| succeeds or fails? (e.g., fairness, welfare, rights, | |
| efficiency, feasibility) | |
| - Rank or weight criteria if more than one | |
| Shared Assumptions & First Principles: | |
| - Premises both sides would rationally accept | |
| - Flag any that are genuinely contestable — don't smuggle | |
| controversial claims in as axioms | |
| ═══════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| ## II. BODY — CASE CONSTRUCTION | |
| ═══════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| Repeat the block below for each argument (A1, A2, ... An). | |
| Arguments should be independently standing (non-sequitur to | |
| each other) but collectively build toward the stance. | |
| ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐ | |
| │ ARGUMENT Ak: [LABEL] │ | |
| │ A concise, catchy label that captures │ | |
| │ the proposition in ≤ 6 words. │ | |
| ├─────────────────────────────────────────┤ | |
| │ │ | |
| │ Claim: │ | |
| │ One-sentence thesis for this │ | |
| │ argument. │ | |
| │ │ | |
| │ How? (Mechanism): │ | |
| │ The causal chain / logical pathway │ | |
| │ by which the claim operates. │ | |
| │ "Through what process does this │ | |
| │ happen?" │ | |
| │ │ | |
| │ Why? (Reasoning): │ | |
| │ Why should we believe the mechanism │ | |
| │ is sound? Why does this matter to │ | |
| │ the motion and stance specifically? │ | |
| │ │ | |
| │ So What? (Impact): │ | |
| │ - Magnitude: How severe/beneficial? │ | |
| │ - Scope: How many affected? │ | |
| │ - Probability: How likely? │ | |
| │ - On whom?: Map to stakeholders │ | |
| │ │ | |
| │ Evidence: │ | |
| │ Concrete proof — pick the best type: │ | |
| │ • Empirical data / statistics │ | |
| │ • Real-world case study / example │ | |
| │ • Analogy to accepted situation │ | |
| │ • Expert testimony / authority │ | |
| │ Explain how the evidence supports │ | |
| │ the claim, not just that it exists. │ | |
| │ │ | |
| │ [Depth Layers — repeat as needed]: │ | |
| │ Nested Why → How → So What → │ | |
| │ Evidence chains for sub-claims │ | |
| │ that need further support. │ | |
| │ │ | |
| │ Preemptive Rebuttal: │ | |
| │ - Strongest likely objection to Ak │ | |
| │ - Direct response to that objection │ | |
| │ │ | |
| │ Tie-Back: │ | |
| │ Restate [LABEL]. Explicitly link │ | |
| │ back to stance + motion. Use the │ | |
| │ label to trigger primacy/recency. │ | |
| │ │ | |
| └─────────────────────────────────────────┘ | |
| Sign-posting between arguments: | |
| Use explicit transitions ("Having shown X, I now turn to | |
| an independent reason Y...") so the audience always knows | |
| where they are in the structure. | |
| ═══════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| ## III. WEIGHING & COMPARISON | |
| ═══════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| Status Quo vs. Proposed World: | |
| - What concretely changes if the motion passes vs. fails? | |
| - Net benefit/harm comparison across stakeholders | |
| Argument Prioritization: | |
| - Which argument carries the most weight and why? | |
| - If forced to choose, which single argument is sufficient | |
| to uphold the stance? | |
| Trade-off Acknowledgment: | |
| - What does the stance concede or sacrifice? | |
| - Why is the trade-off acceptable given the evaluation | |
| criteria declared in the Introduction? | |
| ═══════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| ## IV. CONCLUSION & SUMMARY | |
| ═══════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| Callbacks: | |
| - Reference every labeled argument (A1 label, A2 label...) | |
| - Arrange callbacks in the most digestible order for the | |
| audience (chronological, causal, thematic, or by | |
| ascending impact) | |
| Standalone Summary: | |
| - A reader who sees ONLY the conclusion should understand | |
| the full case in miniature | |
| Hooks to Body: | |
| - Create curiosity or motivation to revisit the detailed | |
| arguments | |
| Final Anchor: | |
| - The single most memorable sentence of the entire piece | |
| - This is the last thing the audience hears — make it count |
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