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@jskherman
Created March 9, 2026 00:42
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Argument framework for use in debate or general pros and cons comparison.
# ARGUMENT FRAMEWORK
═══════════════════════════════════════════
## I. INTRODUCTION — SETUP
═══════════════════════════════════════════
Motion: "This house [should/believes/would]..."
Stance: FOR or AGAINST
Status Quo: What is the current state of affairs? What exists today
that the motion seeks to change or preserve?
Burden: What must this side prove to win? What is the minimum
the audience needs to believe for the stance to hold?
### Framing
Context:
- Background and history the audience needs
- Stakeholders: who is affected and in what capacity?
- Scope: macro-level (systemic/structural) and
micro-level (individual/lived experience) dimensions
Definitions / Operationalizations:
- Pin down every contested, technical, or ambiguous term
- State what the motion does NOT cover (scope exclusions)
Evaluation Criteria / Yardsticks:
- By what standard(s) should we judge whether the motion
succeeds or fails? (e.g., fairness, welfare, rights,
efficiency, feasibility)
- Rank or weight criteria if more than one
Shared Assumptions & First Principles:
- Premises both sides would rationally accept
- Flag any that are genuinely contestable — don't smuggle
controversial claims in as axioms
═══════════════════════════════════════════
## II. BODY — CASE CONSTRUCTION
═══════════════════════════════════════════
Repeat the block below for each argument (A1, A2, ... An).
Arguments should be independently standing (non-sequitur to
each other) but collectively build toward the stance.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ARGUMENT Ak: [LABEL] │
│ A concise, catchy label that captures │
│ the proposition in ≤ 6 words. │
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ Claim: │
│ One-sentence thesis for this │
│ argument. │
│ │
│ How? (Mechanism): │
│ The causal chain / logical pathway │
│ by which the claim operates. │
│ "Through what process does this │
│ happen?" │
│ │
│ Why? (Reasoning): │
│ Why should we believe the mechanism │
│ is sound? Why does this matter to │
│ the motion and stance specifically? │
│ │
│ So What? (Impact): │
│ - Magnitude: How severe/beneficial? │
│ - Scope: How many affected? │
│ - Probability: How likely? │
│ - On whom?: Map to stakeholders │
│ │
│ Evidence: │
│ Concrete proof — pick the best type: │
│ • Empirical data / statistics │
│ • Real-world case study / example │
│ • Analogy to accepted situation │
│ • Expert testimony / authority │
│ Explain how the evidence supports │
│ the claim, not just that it exists. │
│ │
│ [Depth Layers — repeat as needed]: │
│ Nested Why → How → So What → │
│ Evidence chains for sub-claims │
│ that need further support. │
│ │
│ Preemptive Rebuttal: │
│ - Strongest likely objection to Ak │
│ - Direct response to that objection │
│ │
│ Tie-Back: │
│ Restate [LABEL]. Explicitly link │
│ back to stance + motion. Use the │
│ label to trigger primacy/recency. │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
Sign-posting between arguments:
Use explicit transitions ("Having shown X, I now turn to
an independent reason Y...") so the audience always knows
where they are in the structure.
═══════════════════════════════════════════
## III. WEIGHING & COMPARISON
═══════════════════════════════════════════
Status Quo vs. Proposed World:
- What concretely changes if the motion passes vs. fails?
- Net benefit/harm comparison across stakeholders
Argument Prioritization:
- Which argument carries the most weight and why?
- If forced to choose, which single argument is sufficient
to uphold the stance?
Trade-off Acknowledgment:
- What does the stance concede or sacrifice?
- Why is the trade-off acceptable given the evaluation
criteria declared in the Introduction?
═══════════════════════════════════════════
## IV. CONCLUSION & SUMMARY
═══════════════════════════════════════════
Callbacks:
- Reference every labeled argument (A1 label, A2 label...)
- Arrange callbacks in the most digestible order for the
audience (chronological, causal, thematic, or by
ascending impact)
Standalone Summary:
- A reader who sees ONLY the conclusion should understand
the full case in miniature
Hooks to Body:
- Create curiosity or motivation to revisit the detailed
arguments
Final Anchor:
- The single most memorable sentence of the entire piece
- This is the last thing the audience hears — make it count
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