Language / Platform	Function / Method & Usage
Java ☕	MessageDigest.isEqual(byte[], byte[]) This static method securely compares two byte arrays in constant time. Always convert strings to byte arrays with a consistent encoding (e.g., UTF-8) before comparison.
JavaScript (Node.js) 📜	crypto.timingSafeEqual(Buffer, Buffer) Node.js provides this dedicated function in its crypto module. True constant-time comparison is difficult in browsers, so sensitive comparisons should be handled server-side.
Python 🐍	hmac.compare_digest(bytes, bytes) This function securely compares two byte strings in a constant-time manner to prevent timing attacks. Ensure your inputs are byte strings.
Go 🐹	crypto/subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(a, b []byte) Go's standard library provides this function for constant-time byte slice comparison. It returns 1 if the slices are equal and 0 otherwise.
Rust 🦀	subtle::ConstantTimeEq (from the subtle crate) This trait from the subtle crate provides a ct_eq method that performs a constant-time equality check, returning a special Choice value.
PHP 🐘	hash_equals(string, string) Introduced in PHP 5.6, this function is designed to safely compare two strings (like hashes or tokens) in a way that resists timing attacks.
SQL 🗃️	⚠️ Avoid direct comparison Password comparison must happen in your application code, not in a SQL query. Fetch the stored hash from the database and use one of the language-specific constant-time functions above.