I was backend lead at Manus. After building agents for 2 years, I stopped using function calling entirely. Here's what I use instead.
English is not my first language. I wrote this in Chinese and translated it with AI help. The writing may have some AI flavor, but the design decisions, the production failures, and the thinking that distilled them into principles — those are mine.
I was a backend lead at Manus before the Meta acquisition. I've spent the last 2 years building AI agents — first at Manus, then on my own open-source agent runtime (Pinix) and agent (agent-clip). Along the way I came to a conclusion that surprised me:
A single run(command="...") tool with Unix-style commands outperforms a catalog of typed function calls.
Here's what I learned.