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| Latency Comparison Numbers (~2025) | |
| ---------------------------------- | |
| L1 cache reference ~1 ns | |
| Branch mispredict ~3 ns | |
| L2 cache reference 4 ns ~4x L1 | |
| Mutex lock/unlock (uncontended) 17–25 ns | |
| Main memory reference 70–100 ns ~100x L1 | |
| Compress 1 KB with Snappy (Zippy) 2,000 ns 2 us | |
| Send 2 KB over 10 Gbps network 1,600 ns 1.6 us |